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2022

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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Benzimidazole Derivatives As New Potential Nlrp3 Inflammasome Inhibitors That Provide Neuroprotection In A Rodent Model Of Neurodegeneration And Memory Impairment, Aman Ullah, Lina Tariq Al Kury, Yusuf S. Althobaiti, Tahir Ali, Fawad Ali Shah Jan 2022

Benzimidazole Derivatives As New Potential Nlrp3 Inflammasome Inhibitors That Provide Neuroprotection In A Rodent Model Of Neurodegeneration And Memory Impairment, Aman Ullah, Lina Tariq Al Kury, Yusuf S. Althobaiti, Tahir Ali, Fawad Ali Shah

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Objective: The study investigated the effect of newly synthesized benzimidazole derivatives against ethanol-induced neurodegenera-tion. According to evidence, ethanol consumption may cause a severe insult to the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in mental retardation, neuronal degeneration, and oxidative stress. Targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may be a useful strategy for preventing ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Methodology: Firstly, the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to molecular simulation and docking in order to predict ligand binding status. Later, for in vivo observations, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used for studying behavioral and oxidative stress markers. ELIZA kits were used to analyse tumour necrosis …

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Analysing The Structural Dynamics Of Retinoid X Receptor Using Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry, Nathalia Melo Jan 2022

Analysing The Structural Dynamics Of Retinoid X Receptor Using Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry, Nathalia Melo

All ETDs from UAB

Nuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that are targets for drug discovery due to their ability to directly modulate gene expression. There are 48 NRs and approximately half of them require heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to function. Targretin (bexarotene) is an FDA-approved RXR specific (rexinoid) currently used to treat Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma (CTCL); however, it causes hyperlipidemia toxicities. A functionally similar rexinoid developed at UAB, 9-cis-UAB30 (UAB30), is non-toxic and weak agonist in the liver. While UAB30 shows promise as a low toxicity chemopreventative drug, the mechanism of UAB30 action at the molecular level is poorly understood. …

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Elucidating The Role Of Stat4 In Cd4 T Cell Mediated Pathogenicity, Ashlyn E. Anderson Jan 2022

Elucidating The Role Of Stat4 In Cd4 T Cell Mediated Pathogenicity, Ashlyn E. Anderson

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While the exact cause of many autoimmune diseases is currently unknown, many genetic factors are associated with increased disease susceptibility such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in the STAT4 gene locus. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 (STAT4) is critical for the development and function of Th1 cells; however, many Th1 associated molecules are dispensable for CD4 mediated inflammation such as IFNγ, T-bet, and IL-12Rβ2, suggesting that STAT4 may function outside of the Th1 cell lineage. Importantly, Stat4 has recently been correlated with an inflammatory Th17 cell phenotype. Using a murine model of neuroinflammation, we illustrate that Th17 intrinsic STAT4 …

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Behavioral, Environmental, Social, Psychosocial, And Physiological Factors That Impact The Relationship Between Chronic Lung Disease Status And Susceptibility To Electronic Cigarette Use Or Actual Electronic Cigarette Use, Mohammed M. Alqahtani Jan 2022

Behavioral, Environmental, Social, Psychosocial, And Physiological Factors That Impact The Relationship Between Chronic Lung Disease Status And Susceptibility To Electronic Cigarette Use Or Actual Electronic Cigarette Use, Mohammed M. Alqahtani

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There is surge increase in e-cigarettes among adult vulnerable population such as individuals with chronic lung disease (CLD). Currently, there is a lack of understanding of the factors that may lead to the increase use of e-cigarettes or susceptibility of ecigarette use among individuals who have a history of CLD. Thus, it is crucial to recognize the characteristics of the individuals with CLD and adults without CLD who are susceptible to using e-cigarettes because this may pave the way for the prevention and reduction of tobacco use by identifying the different factors and eventually targeting the related risk factors. In …

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Factors Influencing Balance And Muscle Tone In Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Mansour M. Alotaibi Jan 2022

Factors Influencing Balance And Muscle Tone In Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Mansour M. Alotaibi

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition prevalent in children globally and continues to persist into adulthood. Executive function (EF) impairments are core ADHD deficits, specifically response inhibition, and believed to drive ADHD symptoms. Psychostimulant medications (PS) is the first line treatment to manage ADHD symptoms. Overall, individuals with ADHD are at greater risk of falls and physical injuries compared to healthy individuals. Perhaps adults with ADHD balance impairments are secondary to ankle plantarflexor (PF) spasticity. Using psychostimulant medications (PS) improves PF spasticity and postural control in children with ADHD, but the effects on adults with ADHD are unclear. Furthermore, …

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Molecular Mechanism And Impact Of Sox2 Regulation By The Transforming Growth Factor-Ss Members In Ovarian Cancer Survival And Metastasis, Zainab Shonibare Jan 2022

Molecular Mechanism And Impact Of Sox2 Regulation By The Transforming Growth Factor-Ss Members In Ovarian Cancer Survival And Metastasis, Zainab Shonibare

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Ovarian cancer is the second most common and deadliest cancer of the female reproductive system affecting women in the United States and worldwide. The poor survival outcome seen in ovarian cancer is attributed to the subtleness of its early-stage symptoms, resulting in a majority of patients at initial diagnosis presenting with an advanced-stage disease with metastasis to other parts of the body. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand the molecular etiology of metastasis to help develop effective therapeutic options and improve clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. Ovarian cancer, an intra-abdominal cancer, most preferably undergoes metastasis via …

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Filtration And Adsorption Performance Of Activated Carbon Fiber: Applications For Respiratory Protection, Margaret C. Summers Jan 2022

Filtration And Adsorption Performance Of Activated Carbon Fiber: Applications For Respiratory Protection, Margaret C. Summers

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Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) is an adsorbent material that can be used to re-move volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air. Unlike granular adsorbents that are currently used in organic vapor respirators, ACF is a self-supporting fiber structure that can be tailored into non-woven forms and can potentially be used to support particu-late filtration. While ACF-containing respirators first appear in patent literature in the 1980s, the use of ACF in respiratory protection has not been widely considered in the PPE market in the intervening years. To develop the concept of an ACF-containing N95 that offers particulate filtration in addition to …

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Alzheimer Disease Special Care Units And Nursing Homes' Organizational Performance, Giovanna Pilonieta Ortiz Jan 2022

Alzheimer Disease Special Care Units And Nursing Homes' Organizational Performance, Giovanna Pilonieta Ortiz

All ETDs from UAB

Alzheimer’s disease special care units (AD SCUs) have been adopted to provide specialized care for people with dementia in nursing homes. However, the effects of environmental and organizational factors on AD SCUs adoption by nursing homes and their influence on nursing homes' organizational performance remains unclear. Guided by Resource Dependence Theory, Donabedian’s Structure-Process-Outcome (SPO) framework and the Resource-Based View of Firms perspective, the purpose of the three papers included in this dissertation was to provide empirical evidence of the contextual and organizational factors that influence AD SCUs adoption among nursing homes and how the adoption of AD SCUs impact nursing …

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The Influence Of Sleep Duration And Sleep Efficiency On Abdominal Adiposity And Blood Pressure In Adolescents Ages 16 To 18 Who Participated In The Cleveland Children's Sleep And Health Study: A Secondary Data Analysis, Shameka Rodgers Phillips Jan 2022

The Influence Of Sleep Duration And Sleep Efficiency On Abdominal Adiposity And Blood Pressure In Adolescents Ages 16 To 18 Who Participated In The Cleveland Children's Sleep And Health Study: A Secondary Data Analysis, Shameka Rodgers Phillips

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Introduction: Abdominal adiposity and blood pressure (BP) are two major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the world. The impact of abdominal adiposity and BP on health, particularly CVD, begins in childhood. Older adolescents tend to have the highest prevalence of abdominal adiposity and BP in the pediatric population. Despite interventions like diet and exercise, the prevalence of excess abdominal adiposity and elevated BP continues to increase during late adolescence. Evidence suggests that sleep duration and sleep efficiency impact abdominal adiposity and BP in adults and the pediatric population, but limited studies have …

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Applying Pet Imaging To Cancer Immunotherapy To Improve Clinical Outcomes, Kirsten M. Reeves Jan 2022

Applying Pet Imaging To Cancer Immunotherapy To Improve Clinical Outcomes, Kirsten M. Reeves

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The use of biomarkers has significantly enhanced patient outcome by improving diagnosis, personalizing therapy, and monitoring therapeutic response yet most cancers remain non-responsive. Thus, there is a need to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms and tumor microenvironment to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Molecular imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) are used to assess response during oncology therapy. Molecular imaging can also provide a noninvasive approach to accurately quantify biomarkers correlated with the tumor microenvironment, including glucose metabolism and hypoxia. 18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) hypoxia targeted cellular uptake has been shown to correlate with negative …

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Non-Mean Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Parameters And Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Analysis Of Pooled Population- And Community-Based Studies, Swati Sakhuja Jan 2022

Non-Mean Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Parameters And Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Analysis Of Pooled Population- And Community-Based Studies, Swati Sakhuja

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High mean blood pressure (BP) on ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is a strong risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), an early manifestation of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). Typically, 48-72 systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) readings are obtained on a 24-hour ABPM recording. The large number of readings from ABPM allows for the estimation of parameters beyond mean BP that capture level and fluctuation in BP over 24-hours, which may be useful for identifying individuals at high risk for CVD. The measures of BP level other than mean BP obtained from ABPM recording include BP load (percentage of …

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The Identification And Phenotypic Characterization Of Circulating Flagellin Antigen-Specific Cd4+ T Cells In Crohn's Disease Patients, Nadine N. Morgan Jan 2022

The Identification And Phenotypic Characterization Of Circulating Flagellin Antigen-Specific Cd4+ T Cells In Crohn's Disease Patients, Nadine N. Morgan

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The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is increasing worldwide. Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main subtypes of IBD, are chronic intestinal conditions driven by CD4+ T-cell inflammatory responses to commensal antigen. Both conditions are incurable, and medical treatments involve drugs that require long-term usage but have limited efficacy and significant side effects. To develop therapies targeting the antigen-reactive T cells involved in sustaining these conditions, we must first gain knowledge concerning the microbial antigen-reactive T cell phenotypes and functionality in health and disease. To investigate the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the flagellin-reactive T cell …

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Disease And Diet-Induced Disruption Of Effector T Cell Homeostasis, Patrick Axel Molina Jan 2022

Disease And Diet-Induced Disruption Of Effector T Cell Homeostasis, Patrick Axel Molina

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Homeostatic departure is a central feature across all diseases and disease processes. Currently, the average individual in the US consumes an inordinate quantity of salt. However, it is unclear if only individuals that have proven blood pressure elevation with an acute load of salt should be wary. Here we demonstrate, alongside a growing body of science, that the canonical definition of salt-sensitivity is insufficient. We show that salt-resistant mice demonstrate salt-sensitivity in non-blood pressure focused phenomena, such as the acute activation of CD4+ T cells to mobilize and induce a defective effector cytokine program with high salt. We demonstrate that …

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Regulation Of Stromal Cells Through Inflammatory Signalling, Victoria Matkins Jan 2022

Regulation Of Stromal Cells Through Inflammatory Signalling, Victoria Matkins

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The bone marrow is a complex organization of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells that form niches to maintain systemic homeostasis during stress and disease. Stromal cells are non-hematopoietic cells first proposed in 1978 in the bone marrow to be essential for hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Since then, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to be critical for the HSC self-renewal, retention, and differentiation through chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. However, like HSCs, MSCs are multipotent progenitors that differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes to from tissues of the skeletal, endocrine, and connective systems. These multipotent progenitors are tightly regulated in …

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Power And Sample Size Calculations For Linear Mixed Models Of Longitudinal Data Using The Kenward-Roger Adjusted Wald Test, Tarrant Oliver Mcpherson Jan 2022

Power And Sample Size Calculations For Linear Mixed Models Of Longitudinal Data Using The Kenward-Roger Adjusted Wald Test, Tarrant Oliver Mcpherson

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The linear mixed model has become a popular technique for the analysis of longitudinal data, but Wald test statistics of fixed effects for these models frequently lack well defined distributions. A common approach to this problem uses the Kenward-Roger adjustment, which attempts to approximate the distribution of the Wald statistic by matching its moments obtained via Taylor expansion to those of an F distribution. However, this approach only matches moments obtained under the null hypothesis of no effect and cannot currently be used to approximate the distribution of the test statistic under some alternative hypothesis. This limitation prevents a straightforward …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Chronic Stressors And Protective Factors And Preterm Risk In An African American Pregnant Population, Megan Mileski Jan 2022

Exploring The Relationship Between Chronic Stressors And Protective Factors And Preterm Risk In An African American Pregnant Population, Megan Mileski

All ETDs from UAB

BACKGROUND: In the United States, infant mortality is a serious public health issue, particularly for the African American (AA) population. Despite ample research investigating explanations for the significantly higher infant mortality rate (IMR) for AA infants in the United States, the reason for the racial disparity remains unknown. Reports suggest that chronic, life-course stressors may increase risk of preterm birth (PTB), the leading contributor to the high IMR for AA infants. Adverse childhood experiences and perceived racial discrimination, experienced over the life course, have the potential to increase a stress response in AA women, leading to PTB. Psychosocial resources may …

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Roles Of Chemokine Receptors In T Cell Accmulation In Omental Tumors, Mingyong Liu Jan 2022

Roles Of Chemokine Receptors In T Cell Accmulation In Omental Tumors, Mingyong Liu

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The omentum is an adipose tissue in the peritoneal cavity that contains immune aggregates termed milky spots. Functionally similar to conventional lymphoid tissues, these specialized leukocyte clusters harbor effector and suppressor cells, mount immune responses to antigens, and sustain peritoneal homeostasis. However, the pre-existing leukocytes fail to protect the tissue from tumor colonization. In fact, the omentum is frequently involved in peritoneal metastasis, during which the balance between effector and suppressor immune cells is compromised with the latter gaining dominance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a major immunosuppressive population in the omentum and rapidly accumulate after tumor implantation. The increased …

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Elucidating Pgc-1Α And Errγ Gene Regulation In Neurons, Kathlene Lanphear Joyce Jan 2022

Elucidating Pgc-1Α And Errγ Gene Regulation In Neurons, Kathlene Lanphear Joyce

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Neuronal energy production is critical to the function of the entire central nervous system. Without enough ATP, neurons are not able to maintain their synaptic structure or activity, leading to a circuit-wide dysregulation, affecting movement and memory. The main process for ATP production in neurons is oxidative phosphorylation, which is supported by several proteins encoded by nuclear DNA. Transcription of nuclear DNA is regulated by DNA-binding transcription factors and co-activators which recruit other members of the transcription initiation complex to induce gene expression. While important basally, during neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease, the transcription of these genes is altered …

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Parent And Healthcare Provider Beliefs About Chlamydia Adolescent Vaccine, Alison P. Footman Jan 2022

Parent And Healthcare Provider Beliefs About Chlamydia Adolescent Vaccine, Alison P. Footman

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction: Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide and it disproportionally affects young people and those living in the Southern United States. If left untreated chlamydia infections can lead to complications such as infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. Currently, chlamydia vaccines are being development. A successful chlamydia immunization program would require adolescents to be vaccinated before engagement in sexual activity and would require parental approval and recommendations from healthcare providers. Therefore, this project aims to explore parent and healthcare provider opinions about chlamydia vaccines to identify potential barriers and facilitators to uptake. Because the COVID-19 pandemic …

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Characterizing The Role Of Tissue-Specific Retinol Dehydrogenases, Kelli Rae Goggans Jan 2022

Characterizing The Role Of Tissue-Specific Retinol Dehydrogenases, Kelli Rae Goggans

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The bioactive form of vitamin A, retinoic acid is essential for development, cellular differentiation, epigenetic modifications, the immune system, and a variety of other processes due to its ability to regulate over 500 genes through activation of nuclear receptors. While many studies have focused on characterizing the biosynthesis and signaling of retinoic acid in embryogenesis, few have focused on adult tissues. Recent research has identified a novel retinol dehydrogenase, retinol dehydrogenase epidermal 2 (RDHE2), and shown RDHE2 is a potent, physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenase in Xenopus. The work in this dissertation characterizes RDHE2 in mammalian models. We identify a paralog …

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Transcriptional Regulation Of Metabolism And Synaptic Function In Neurons, Stephanie N. Fox Jan 2022

Transcriptional Regulation Of Metabolism And Synaptic Function In Neurons, Stephanie N. Fox

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Mitochondrial dysfunction, transcriptional dysregulation, and protein aggregation are all unifying features of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s Disease is a debilitating movement disorder with no known cure, leading sci-entists to explore the underlying etiological contributors to neuronal dysfunction and loss to devise strategies for neuroprotection. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is a member of a family of transcription factors which regulate the expression of mitochondrial genes. To determine whether ERRγ modulation can provide insight into transcriptional and mitochondrial dysfunction with neurodegeneration, the experiments in this thesis project determined 1) the importance of transcription of mitochondrial genes in disease as regu-lated …

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Epigenetic Regulation Of Gene Expression In Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Rebecca Mary Hauser Jan 2022

Epigenetic Regulation Of Gene Expression In Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Rebecca Mary Hauser

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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy and is characterized by seizures originating from the temporal lobe of the brain. A frequent seizure focus in TLE is the hippocampus, a structure located within the temporal lobe crucial for its role in memory formation. Seizures are an excess of synchronous excitation in the brain caused by a surplus of excitatory neurotransmission and a lack of sufficient inhibitory transmission. Coordinating the process of neuronal transmission is differential expression of genes likely resulting in an increase or decrease in proteins responsible for neural signaling such as neurotransmitters, ion …

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Oxygen Cost Of Walking And Its Correlates In Multiple Sclerosis, Brenda Jeng Jan 2022

Oxygen Cost Of Walking And Its Correlates In Multiple Sclerosis, Brenda Jeng

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurological disease characterized by demyelination and transection of axons as well as loss of neurons in the central nervous system that may result in poor walking efficiency, indicated by an increase in the oxygen cost of walking (Cw). The Cw is defined as the amount of oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight per unit distance walked and reflects disability-related gait abnormalities and manifestations and its interaction with the environment. This dissertation involved four research projects. The first project provided an overview of existing research on the Cw in MS and established a research …

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Il-2-Mediated Stat3 Activation Controls Effector T Regulatory Cell Development, Emma C. Dean Jan 2022

Il-2-Mediated Stat3 Activation Controls Effector T Regulatory Cell Development, Emma C. Dean

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Heterogeneity in phenotype and function of Treg cells is becoming increasingly appreciated, especially in the context of creating potent Treg cell–based therapeutics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. One of the barriers to developing such therapeutics is the limited understanding of the signals that play a role in the development of Treg cell subsets. Here, we found STAT3 signaling to be enriched in induced IL-10 competent Treg (iTreg) cells in the colon. Through the development of a new in vitro system, we found that STAT3 was required for proper development of IL-10 competent iTreg cells and that IL-2 regulated …

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Integrated Phenotypic And Molecular Expression Circuits In End-Stage Osteoarthritis, Devin J. Drummer Jan 2022

Integrated Phenotypic And Molecular Expression Circuits In End-Stage Osteoarthritis, Devin J. Drummer

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating, inflammatory, joint degeneration disorder, and is the most common form of arthritis. Individuals reaching end-stage OA often pursue elective total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) to relieve pain and improve mobility and quality of life. However, approximately one third of THA/TKA patients suffer long-term mobility impairments following surgery, likely in part due to an inability to repair the damaged muscle surrounding the diseased joint. Mechanisms driving this impaired recovery remain poorly understood, therefore it is prudent to interrogate the molecular signatures in skeletal muscle at the time of surgery to provide candidate markers that may improve upon …

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Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms Of Resistance Training-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophic Response Heterogeneity In Older Adults, Margaret Bell Jan 2022

Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms Of Resistance Training-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophic Response Heterogeneity In Older Adults, Margaret Bell

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Sarcopenia is a decrease in skeletal muscle (SKM) mass occurring with age. This disease is natural, so it is important to increase SKM mass to counteract. This need is seen in diseases leading to muscle atrophy (i.e., insulin resistance and diabetes). The most efficient way to promote SKM hypertrophy is resistance exercise training (RT), however there is high response heterogeneity. To investigate SKM heterogeneity and maximizing SKM hypertrophy, we conducted a double-blind two-site placebo controlled clinical trial: “Metformin to Augment Strength Training Effective Response in Seniors (MASTERS)”. Here participants > 65 years underwent RT for 14 weeks. Measurements of SKM mass …

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The Role Of Mitochondrial Genetic Background In Cellular Function, Response To Cell Stress And Disease Susceptability, Jamelle A. Brown Jan 2022

The Role Of Mitochondrial Genetic Background In Cellular Function, Response To Cell Stress And Disease Susceptability, Jamelle A. Brown

All ETDs from UAB

There is a differential susceptibility associated with several diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension, with Blacks being more likely to develop these conditions. Blacks are also more likely to die from these diseases. To explain the genetic etiology underlying CVD pathogenesis, the primary focus has been on nuclear genetics-environmental interactions, whereas the contribution of mitochondrial genetics is less explored. Therefore, we sought to determine whether differences exist in cellular function and response to cell stress in healthy and diseased individuals with distinct mitochondrial genetic backgrounds. To determine this, we sought first to develop a technique to detect and quantify …

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Evaluation And Revision Of The Practice Environment Scale Of The Nursing Work Index For Acute Care Hospital Staff Nurses, Caitlin Marley Campbell Jan 2022

Evaluation And Revision Of The Practice Environment Scale Of The Nursing Work Index For Acute Care Hospital Staff Nurses, Caitlin Marley Campbell

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The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) is the most frequently used instrument for measuring the nursing work environment. The original PES-NWI obtained its items directly from the parent instrument, the Nursing Work Index, which was developed in the 1980s. However, potential value change among younger generations and vast historical, social, and technological transformations in the way healthcare is provided may have led to different factors that compose a favorable work environment for nurses working today. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate and revise the PES-NWI for use in today’s nursing workforce. To accomplish this …

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History Of Allergy, Atopy, Infectious And Autoimmune Disease And Risk Of Multiple Myeloma, Tony B. Zbysinski Jan 2022

History Of Allergy, Atopy, Infectious And Autoimmune Disease And Risk Of Multiple Myeloma, Tony B. Zbysinski

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Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy, which is defined in part by antibodies and complexes of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chains (IgH and IgL). Previous associations of immune-stimulating conditions such as allergic, autoimmune, and infectious conditions and the risk of multiple myeloma (MM) are inconsistent. However, these studies were conducted in populations of European ancestry, leaving the possibility that these conditions may contribute to the excess risk of plasma cell proliferative disorders observed among Black Americans. Therefore, we assessed MGUS, a precursor condition to myeloma, and MM risk related to a history of allergy, atopy, infections and …

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Epigenetic Regulation By O-Glcnac Alters Anti-Fibrotic Gene Expression In Ipf Fibroblasts, Qiuming Wu Jan 2022

Epigenetic Regulation By O-Glcnac Alters Anti-Fibrotic Gene Expression In Ipf Fibroblasts, Qiuming Wu

All ETDs from UAB

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related chronic disease with a me-dian survival period of 3-4 years [1]. Although FDA has approved two drugs that may slow the disease process, there is no effective treatment [2]. IPF is characterized by the excessive deposition of collagen, which leads to deformation of alveolar structure, loss of lung function, and ultimately death [3]. Anti-fibrotic genes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) are usually suppressed in the pathogenesis of IPF [4-6], while the mechanisms responsible for the repression of anti-fibrotic genes in IPF are incompletely understood. More evidence has shown that …

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