Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cannabis Use Rates And Modes Of Use In Kentucky, Gunnar Kennedy

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

ABSTRACT:

Background and Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to assess cannabis use rates and modes among people who use cannabis (PWUC) in the state of Kentucky in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic factors. Furthermore, this study compared Kentucky’s rates of use to other states and built a multivariable regression model to identify characteristics of individuals who use cannabis in Kentucky.

Methods:

For this cross-sectional descriptive analysis, we used 2020 data from the Kentucky Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We tabulated weighted responses to questions asking about frequency of cannabis use over the past 30 days, primary …

The Sequence Dependent Nanoscale Structure Of Cenp-A Nucleosomes, Tommy Stormberg, Yuri L. Lyubchenko

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

CENP-A is a histone variant found in high abundance at the centromere in humans. At the centromere, this histone variant replaces the histone H3 found throughout the bulk chromatin. Additionally, the centromere comprises tandem repeats of α-satellite DNA, which CENP-A nucleosomes assemble upon. However, the effect of the DNA sequence on the nucleosome assembly and centromere formation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structure of nucleosomes assembled with the CENP-A variant using Atomic Force Microscopy. We assembled both CENP-A nucleosomes and H3 nucleosomes on a DNA substrate containing an α-satellite motif and characterized their positioning and wrapping efficiency. We …

A Scoping Review Comparing Sustainable Diet Indices, Natalie Henning

Public Health Theses

Interest in environmentally sustainable diets (i.e., diets beneficial for both human and planetary health) has increased as the role of food systems in climate change and population health has become better understood. Sustainable diet indices have been proposed as a holistic approach to assessing diets around the world with regards to human and planetary outcomes. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize and compare sustainable diet indices and their applicability to various populations.A literature search of three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and the Climate Change and Human Health Literature Search Portal) was conducted to identify articles that developed, validated, …

Melissa: Monitoring The Environment With Living Investigatory Sentinel Species Apis Mellifera, Brady Rowe

Public Health Theses

Without the ability to meaningfully detect an environmental contaminant, public health efforts can get behind the curve, and people suffer for it. Industrial polluters are the major source of environmental contamination. Despite regulation, industrial compliance efforts are often limited by the difficulty of getting samples to analyze due to cost and logistical challenges. The current method requires a compliance officer to gather a sample or rely on self-reported measures from the potential polluters. This process can be remarkably costly both in capital and human labor. These issues can be remedied by relying on the domesticated honeybee to gather the “samples.” …

The Joint Effects Of Pre-Pregnancy Bmi, Race/Ethnicity On Infants’ Birth Weights, Mei Wang

Public Health Theses

AbstractObjective: We characterized the joint impacts of maternal race/ethnicity and pre-pregnancy BMI on adverse birth weight outcomes including low birth weight (LBW), and macrosomia. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of linked birth data for the years 2016-2020. Maternal race/ethnicity and maternal BMI were the key exposures; we analyzed their joint impact on outcomes using Poisson regression models. Results: When using race-specific reference groups, the difference in risk between NHB and NHW decreased as pre-pregnancy BMI increased and additionally, the difference in risk of macrosomia between the two groups increased with increasing BMI. NHB women generally had higher risk of low birth …

Diabetic Self-Management Education Program Evaluation, Amanda Thomas

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by impaired insulin secretions resulting in high hemoglobin A1C levels. Education is beneficial in reducing these as an additive to lifestyle and drug therapy. This student project reflects a program evaluation for a patient diabetes self-management education (DSME) intervention in one small rural outpatient system. DSME classes address the comprehensive blend of clinical, educational, psychosocial, and behavioral aspects of care needed for the daily management of people living with type II diabetes. Three months after completing a DSME the person experiencing type II diabetes has a repeat Hemoglobin A1C level taken …

Decreasing Preoperative Anxiety In Cataract Patients, Virginia Baltz

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Several studies show that patients present with anxiety before surgical procedures. Preoperative anxiety may cause unwanted sympathetic nervous system (SNS) responses which can result in nervousness, anger, or sadness. Hypertension and tachycardia are often present, along with unwanted postoperative complications including increased pain perception and decreased patient satisfaction. Understanding that anxiety is both an emotional and physiological response, emphasizes the need to alleviate anxiety preoperatively (Aust et al., 2016). This Quality Improvement project aims to manage patient surgical expectations with cataract surgery through positive preoperative education. Patients were given written education and the opportunity to discuss the information before cataract …

Hydroxychloroquine Induces Endothelium-Dependent And Endothelium-Independent Relaxation Of Rat Aorta, Seyfullah Oktay Arslan, Muhammed Fati̇h Doğan, Sali̇ha Ayşenur Çam, Ibraheem Akram Omar, Fatma Uysal, Ali̇ Parlar, Ahmet Cenk Andaç, Oğuzhan Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Remdesivir Treatment For Patients With Moderate To Severe Covid-19, İmran Hasanoğlu, Hati̇ce Rahmet Güner, İlhami̇ Çeli̇k, Fi̇kret Kanat, Ayşe Batirel, Gülçi̇n Telli̇ Di̇zman, Esma Eryilmaz Eren, Di̇lek Yildiz Sevgi̇, İlkay Bozkurt, Kadri̇ye Kart Yaşar, Sevtap Şenoğlu, Esra Kazak, Ridvan Karaali̇, Aysel Kocagül Çeli̇kbaş, Hüsnü Pullukçu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Remdesivir, which was first developed for the treatment of Ebola disease but failed to meet expectations, has become hope in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for mortality and prognosis of adult moderate/severe COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir, and safety and tolerability of 5 days of remdesivir treatment. Materials and methods: This multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in 14 centers in Turkey. Pregnancy or breastfeeding, multiorgan failure, or usage of vasopressors for septic shock, ALT > 5 × the upper limit of the normal range, or eGRF

Presentation Characteristics And Clinical Outcome Of Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis Followed By A Single Center, Mert Öztaş, Hami̇t Özgül, Emi̇re Seyahi̇, Serdal Uğurlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis that may cause significant morbidity in the elderly population. We aimed to evaluate presentation characteristics, treatment, and outcome in a cohort of patients with GCA diagnosed and followed in a single center. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review revealed 84 (41 M/43 F) registered patients diagnosed with GCA between 1990 and 2020. Clinical features at presentation and follow-up, radiographical imaging, temporal artery biopsy (TAB), and laboratory findings were retrieved from digital medical records or hard-copy patient files. Of these, 33 patients- follow-up period was less than 12 months; hence, …

Pd-L1 And Ebv Lmp1 Expressions In Classic Hodgkin Lymphomas And Its Correlation With Clinicopathological Parameters And Prognosis, Süleyman Özdemi̇r, Özlem Ton, Fevzi̇ye Kabukcuoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Programmed death pathway leads to T cell anergy. Wide range of malignancies take advantage of this pathway by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression either on neoplastic cells or on the nonneoplastic cells of tumour microenvironment. New therapeutic approaches have been directed against this pathway. We studied PD-L1 expression on both neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and cells of tumour microenvironment in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) patients and compared it with Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity, clinical data, and survival rates. Materials and methods: Lymph node excision materials of 56 CHL patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 were included in …

Evaluation Of Cardiovascular Changes In Patients With Gastric Wall Fat Halo Sign, Ali̇ Küpeli̇, Eser Bulut, Edhem Ünver, Gürkan Danişan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between gastric wall fat halo sign and potentially associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) in thoracic computed tomography (CT). Materials and methods: Between October 2020 and January 2021, 62 patients with gastric wall fat halo sign and 62 controls were evaluated with thorax CT. Patient's height, weight, body mass index (BMI), sex, age, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, diameters of cardiac axes, aorta and pulmonary artery; aorta and coronary artery calcium scores were recorded for the two groups. Results: No significant differences were found in sex, age, height, body weight or BMI between the two groups …

The Reliability And Validity Of The Turkish Version Of The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, Fati̇h Özden, Mehmet Özkeski̇n, Ayşe Nur Yüceyar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The purpose of the study was to cross-culturally adapt the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29) into Turkish and evaluate its reliability and validity in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Materials and methods: A total of 119 individuals with MS were enrolled in the research. The neurologist classified the patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). In the initial evaluation, patients completed the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS29), the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life (MusiQoL), EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L), and Beck Depression Scale (BDS), respectively one week later, the MSIS-29 evaluation was repeated. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity were …

Cha2ds2-Vasc Score As A Prognostic Indicator In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Coronary Stenting, Jian-Yong Zheng, Dong-Tao Li, Yi-Gang Qiu, Yi-Xiong Huang, Zheng-Ming Xu, Li Zhao, Yu Chen, Yi Cao, Yi-Da Tang, Cheng-Jun Guo, Zhi-Min Ma, Yong-Quan Wu, Yan Jiao, Tian-Chang Li

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary stenting had a poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of CHA2 DS2 -VASc score for predicting and grading adverse clinical outcomes in this population. Materials and methods: We reviewed the clinical data of all patients with previously documented nonvalvular AF who underwent coronary stenting between January 2010 and June 2015 in 12 hospitals of Beijing, China. The study population was divided into three groups: 1) Low CHA2 DS2 -VASc score, ≦ 2 points, 2) Intermediate score, 3-4 points, and 3) High score, ≧ 5 points. Major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events …

Effect Of Cell Salvage On Bleeding, Transfusion Of Blood Products, And Bleeding Parameters In Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation With Intraoperative Massive Blood Transfusion, Tümay Uludağ Yanaral, Peli̇n Karaaslan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Autologous transfusion using a cell saver system has been used in liver transplantation with controversial outcomes. Its efficiency in patients with massive intraoperative transfusion has not been studied yet. This study aimed to evaluate effect of cell salvage (CS) on intraoperative bleeding and transfusion practices in liver transplantation with massive intraoperative transfusion. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients aged ≥18 years with intraoperative massive blood transfusion (≥ 6 units) between March 2014 and September 2020 were included. Patients subjected to CS were grouped as CS, whereas other patients were grouped as control. Number of transfused red blood cells was study's …

A Combination Of Q-Tof Lc/Ms And Lc-Ms/Ms Based Metabolomics In Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis Demonstrates Potential Biomarkers For Unclassified Patients, İsmai̇l Solmaz, Ozan Kaplan, Mustafa Çelebi̇er, İnci̇lay Lay, Fatma Banu Anlar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Metabolomics has the potential to provide putative biomarkers and insights into the pathophysiology and diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis (pMS), which is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum metabolomics in pMS to help elucidate the pathophysiology of MS. Materials and methods: An untargeted approach was applied using the quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LC/MS) method to study plasma metabolites in patients with pMS (n = 33), patients with unclassified central nervous system demyelinating diseases (n = 6), and age-matched healthy …

Is Microwave Ablation Therapy As Effective As Colorectal Liver Metastases In Noncolorectal Liver Metastases?, Gürkan Danişan, Ali̇ Küpeli̇, Ogün Taydaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between primary tumor type and the effectiveness of microwave ablation (MWA) therapy by comparing the technical and clinical outcomes of MWA in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) and noncolorectal liver metastases (NCLM). Materials and methods: Between January 2019 and March 2021, 47 consecutive patients (25 male, 22 female) with a total of 63 unresectable hepatic metastases underwent MWA under ultrasound guidance. The patients were divided into CLM (n = 29) and NCLM (n = 18) groups. Patient demographics, procedural details, and complications were noted. The overall survival …

Future Pandemics: How Can We Be Ready?, Zeynep Türe Yüce, Emi̇ne Alp Meşe

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Fragmented Qrs Formation In Nonhypertensive Acromegaly Patients, Muhammet Dural, Göknur Yorulmaz, Kadi̇r Uğur Mert, Selda Murat

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Frequency Of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency And Unexpected Results In Copd Patients In Turkey; Rare Variants Are Common, Mustafa Çörtük, Bariş Demi̇rkol, Meli̇h Akay Arslan, Umut İlhan, Yunus Emre Kalkan, Demet Turan, Şule Gül, Hali̇t Çinarka, Kürşad Nuri̇ Baydi̇li̇, Erdoğan Çeti̇nkaya

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (?1-AT) is a protease inhibitor that is largely released from liver cells. It inhibits neutrophil elastase and its deficiency increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The frequency of ?1-AT deficiency has been reported with different prevalence rates in different parts of the world. The most common ?1-AT variant causing ?1-AT deficiency is the Pi*Z allele. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the ?1-AT genotypic variant in COPD patients in our country. Materials and methods: In this study, 196 consecutive COPD patients admitted to our clinic were included. In addition …

The Role Of Pericytes On The Efficacy Of Bevacizumab In Colorectal Cancer, Merve Besler, Fatma Sena Dost, Fi̇li̇z Çay Şenler, Bi̇lge Ayça Kirmizi, Berna Savaş, Hakan Akbulut

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Pericytes are mesenchymal cells surrounding capillary vessels and are known to play an essential role in tumor angiogenesis. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a cell surface proteoglycan and its release from pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells is very important in tumor angiogenesis. Bevacizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody frequently used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, binds to the ligand of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. However, no reliable biomarker for predicting patients that will show a good response to this therapy has been established yet. In this study, we aimed …

Is Microcystic, Elongated, And Fragmented Pattern Of Myometrial Invasion In Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma Associated With Survival?, Sultan Deni̇z Altindağ, Seyran Yi̇ği̇t, Serhat Şen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern is one of the myometrial invasion patterns in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), and it has been associated with poor prognostic parameters, especially lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and lymph node metastasis (LNM). This study aims to represent the frequency of MELF pattern in EEC and the relationship between MELF pattern with clinicopathological parameters, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we examined 233 patients with EEC diagnoses with the result of a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy between 2009 and 2014. The association of MELF pattern …

The Survival Outcomes And Prognostic Factors Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Two-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study, Noor Atika Azit, Shahnorbanun Sahran, Voon Meng Leow, Manisekar K. Subramaniam, Suryati Mokhtar, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To determine the survival outcomes and prognostic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving two hepatobiliary centres from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2018. Medical records were analysed for sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory testing, and HCC treatment information. Survival outcomes were examined using the Kaplan?Meier and log-rank test. Prognostic factors were determined using multivariate Cox regression. Results: A total of 212 patients were included in the study. The median survival time was 22 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were …

Identification Of Subclinical Iron Deficiency Using New Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, And Reticulocytes Parameters During Nonsevere Acute Infection In Pediatric Outpatients, Nazmi̇ Mutlu Karakaş, Serap Ki̇rki̇z Kayali, Zühre Kaya

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic utility of new erythrocytes, leukocytes, and reticulocytes parameters for the identification of subclinical iron deficiency (ID) in children under 6 years with nonsevere acute infection in pediatric outpatients. Materials and methods: The study included 102 children with acute infections and 31 true ID. Traditional and new hematology parameters were measured in a Sysmex-XN® , along with C-reactive protein level, and iron parameters. Participants? ID were categorized as: the ferritin < 100 ng/mL, transferrin saturation < 20% was defined as ?subclinical or functional ID (FID) in Group 1?; ferritin < 30 ng/mL, transferrin saturation < 20%, as ?absolute-ID (AID)? in Group 2; ferritin < 12 ng/mL without anemia and infection, as ?true ID? in Group 3. Results: The frequencies of FID and AID among the 102 children with acute infection were 24% and 76%, respectively. Compared with the Group 2 patients, Group 1 had a significantly higher mean percentage of hypochromic erythrocytes (Hypo-He), and significantly lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and Hb content of reticulocytes (RET-He) (p < 0.05 for all). Compared with Group 2 and Group 3 patients, Group 1 had a significantly higher mean percentage of immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) and immature granulocyte (IG) values (p < 0.05 for all). The RET-He, IRF%, Hypo-He%, and IG% cut-off values for predicting FID during infection were 27.0 pg, 10.6%, 2.5%, and 0.35% respectively. Conclusion: The RET-He, Hypo-He, IRF, and IG may be useful parameters for identifying subclinical ID in small children with nonsevere acute infection in pediatric outpatients.

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Hyperchloremia On The Prognosis And Mortality Of Medical Intensive Care Patients: A Single-Center Study, Habi̇p Yilmaz, Başak Çakir Güney

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: While chloride (Cl) is the most abundant anion in the serum, it is unfortunately one of the most commonly disregarded laboratory test results routinely drawn upon admission into the medical intensive care unit (MICU). We aimed to investigate the relation between in-hospital mortality, different pathologies requiring admission to the MICU, serum Cl levels, and other biochemical tests in a tertiary center. Materials and methods: The prospective study included data from 373 patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care center between 2017 and 2019. Data of patients under 18, pregnant patients or patients who were in the MICU …

Ultrasound-Guided Rhomboid Intercostal Block For Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Prospective Clinical Study, Seli̇n Güven Köse, Hali̇l Ci̇han Köse, Serkan Tulgar, Ömer Taylan Akkaya

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common chronic pain syndrome that may affect quality of life, daily living activities, and psychological status. Ultrasound (US)-guided rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) is a recently defined plane block and used for chronic pain such as postmastectomy syndrome and MPS. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of US-guided RIB for the management of pain, quality of life, physical disability, and patient satisfaction in MPS. Materials and methods: In this prospective study, between February and March 2021, a total of 30 patients who applied with the diagnosis of MPS, were included. The patients received …

Investigation Of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Susceptibility In Clinical Isolates Of Gram-Negative Bacteria, Ridvan Dumlu, Neval Yurttutan Uyar, Meltem Ayaş, Ni̇lay Aksoy, Nur Öztürk, Ayşe Sesi̇n Kocagöz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Our study investigated the susceptibility rate of ceftazidime-avibactam and the risk factors associated with its resistance by analyzing gram-negative bacteria isolated from various patient samples. Materials and methods: Between March and November 2020, 1119 gram-negative bacteria strains were isolated from patient samples in Acıbadem Healthcare Group hospitals; ceftazidime-avibactam susceptibility results were evaluated using a 10/4µg (Oxoid, UK) disc and evaluated according to Eucast 2020 recommendations. Patient and isolate characteristics that could be risk factors were retrospectively investigated and statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: Male patients made up 52% (n = 581) of the study's total patient population, and …

Low Handgrip Strength Is Associated With Diabetic Foot Disease In Geriatric Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Eren İmre, Neşe Koçakgöl, Erdi̇ İmre

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aims to reveal the prevalence of low handgrip strength in older patients with type 2 diabetes who have diabetic foot disease and to assess the association of handgrip strength with diabetic foot disease in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: Eighty-nine geriatric patients with diabetic foot ulcers and 69 patients without diabetic foot ulcers who presented to the endocrinology outpatient clinic between August 2020 and November 2021 were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were the usage of steroids, stroke-induced quadriplegia, myopathy, disability, hemodialysis treatment, type 1 diabetes, patients under 65 years of …

Clinicoradiological Evaluation Of Oxidative Stress Activity In Acute Cerebral Infarction In The First 24 H And The Qualitative Importance Of Dysfunctional Hdl In Stroke, Esra Demi̇r Ünal, Gönül Vural, Funda Eren, Sali̇m Neşeli̇oğlu, Özcan Erel

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) occurs as a result of instant disruption of vascular flow that causes disbalance between oxidative/antioxidative activity. We examined the relationship of serum neuro-oxidative stress parameters with stroke severity and infarct volume in ACI and emphasized the qualitative importance of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on its relationship with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in the acute period of stroke. Materials and methods: One hundred ACI patients applied within the first 24 h and 50 healthy volunteers were included. The patient group was evaluated with demographic data (including arrival serum biochemical assessment), clinical disability scores, infarct volume, serum …

Central Vein Sign: Comparison Of Multiple Sclerosis And Leukoaraiosis, Hüseyi̇n Gökhan Yavaş, Ergi̇n Sağtaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Leukoaraiosis produces white matter lesions (WML) similar to multiple sclerosis (MS) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the distinction between these two conditions is difficult radiologically. This study aimed to investigate the role of the central vein sign (CVS) in susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequence in distinguishing MS lesions from leukoaraiosis lesions in Turkish population. Materials and methods: In this prospective study, axial SWI and sagittal three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3DFLAIR) were obtained in 374 consecutive patients. The study consisted of 169 (89 MS patients, 80 patients with leukoaraiosis) patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two observers …