Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Relationships Between Activities Of Daily Living Capabilities, Family Support, And Quality Of Life And Mental Health In The Elderly In Laplae District, Uttaradit Province, Tanyarat Jeenheng, Siriluck Suppapitiporn

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Due to the sociocultural context of Laplae District, Uttaradit Province as the example district of long-term care services for dependent elderly project. To improve public health, quality of life and mental health of elderly in this district would be interesting and useful. Objective: To explore the abilities of activities of daily living (ADL), the family support, the quality of life, and the mental health of the elderly and relationships among them. Methods: This cross-sectional study with participation of 381 elderly used structured questionnaires included demographic questions, ADL assessment (Barthel of Activities of Daily Living: ADL), family support and quality …

Stress And Associated Factors Of Caregivers Of Elderly Medical Inpatients At King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Rattanaporn Chumnisart, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Parallel with the increasing number for elderlies, the need of care when they were acutely ill has multiplied, with caregivers being tasked from the beginning to the end of the illness. A family member was often a primary person to take care of the elderly. This role might affect their mental health and quality of life. Objective: To explore the progression of stress and the associated factors among caregivers of the elderlies admitted with acute illness. Methods: This longitudinal descriptive study examined various factors associated with caregivers of the elderlies who were admitted to the medical wards of King …

Cpap Acceptance And Adherence In Osa Patients In Lower Northern Region Part Of Thailand, Mantana Prakassajjatham

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the mainstay in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment. Good CPAP adherence reduces many risks of diseases and improves the overall quality of life.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptance and adherence to CPAP therapy among Thai patients with OSA who attend an otorhinolaryngology sleep clinic.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the otorhinolaryngology sleep clinic, Naresuan University Hospital, Thailand between January 2015 and October 2021. The study enrolled all patients over 18 years old with OSA diagnosis. The patients were scheduled for follow-up appointments at least two …

Treatment Of Eyelid Divided Nevus Using Shave And Graft: An Alternative Technique, Suppapong Tirakunwichcha

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Divided nevus of the eyelid is an uncommon feature among congenital melanocytic nevi. To report the outcome after treatment of eyelid divided nevus using shave and graft technique. Two cases of small to moderate size divided nevus at the eyelids were demonstrated, one on medial part including upper and lower punctal area and the other on lateral part. Shave and graft were done to alleviate the nevus in one or two-staged of operation. Patients underwent the uneventful operation. Pathologic results found nevus, free surgical margin without malignant transformation. Cosmetic result was satisfactory. In patient with medial divided nevus, no epiphora …

Analysis Of Breast Mri Performed On Patients With Axillary Nodal Metastasis And Negative Mammogram And Ultrasound, Palita Hansakul

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Occult breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an immense role to confirm diagnosis and disclose non-demonstrable finding on initial modality. Objectives: To analyge breast MRI findings in patients with axillary nodal metastasis and negative mammo gram and ultrasound and retrospectively review the initial mammography and second-look ultrasound. Methods: From January 2010 to January 2023, women who diagnosed occult breast cancer by presenting metastatic axillary lymph node on pathological report with negative mammography and ultrasonography, underwent breast MRI to identify occult breast carcinoma. Their breast MRI were retrospectively reviewed. The imaging …

Demographic Profiles Of Clinical Research Participants In Fda-Approved Nmes, Abayomi Oladoye Ojetayo

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Drug development is a rigorous and expensive process that takes between 10 and15 years. Recruitment and retention of human subjects in clinical trials is challenging. This study collected the demographics of trial participant in trials for New Molecular Entities (NMEs) approved by the U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA) for 2010 and 2020 to compare demographic representation. Demographic representation of trial participants for 61 FDA-approved NMEs for 2010 and 2020 were gathered; 21 NMEs were excluded from analysis. The trends in demographic representation in trials for the 40 FDA-approved NMEs in 2010 and 2020 were similar, and White participant representation was …

Electron Transfer Dynamics And Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activities Of The Co3o4 Nanoparticles Attached To Indium Tin Oxide By Self-Assembled Monolayers, Xuan Liu, Qianhong Tian, Yvpei Li, Zixiang Zhou, Jinlian Wang, Shuling Liu, Chao Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Co3O4 nanoparticle-modified indium tin oxide-coated glass slide (ITO) electrodes are successfully prepared using dicarboxylic acid as the self-assembled monolayer through a surface esterification reaction. The ITO-SAM-Co3O4 (SAM = dicarboxylic acid) are active to electrochemically catalyze oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid. The most active assembly, with Co loading at 3.31 × 10-8 mol cm-2, exhibits 374 mV onset overpotential and 497 mV overpotential to reach 1 mA cm-2 OER current in 0.1 M HClO4. The electron transfer rate constant (k) is acquired using Laviron's approach, and the results show that k is not affected by the carbon …

Pulmonary Response To Exercise, Woodsmoke, And Acute Sleep Deprivation, Aidan Da Mccloy, Joseph A. Sol, John C. Quindry

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Our laboratory studied the combined effects of smoke exposure, exercise, and sleep deprivation to better understand the causes of the long-term deleterious health effects of woodsmoke in at risk populations, such as wildland firefighters. The purpose of this paper is to report on the results of our pulmonary function tests (PFT). Ten recreationally active male participants (age = 24±4 yrs.; height = 185.2±3.9 cm; weight = 85.7±9.4 kg; VO2max = 46.8.7±.7 ml∙min¯¹∙kg¯¹; body fat = 12.6±6.7 %) performed two separate 45-minute stationary bicycle workouts (70% VO2max) while exposed to woodsmoke particulate matter <2.5um (PM2.5) at a concentration of 250μg/m3. One trial was performed on 8 hours of sleep and the other on 4 hours of sleep. Duplicate pulmonary data for key dependent measures of PFT (FVC, FEV1%, MVV) taken before and after each workout showed no statistically significant differences between trials or across trials when examined by a two-way ANOVA analysis (FVC time p = 0.949, trial p=0.919, time-trial p=0.837; FEV1 time p=0.684, trial p=0.769, time-trial p=0.857; FEV1% time p=0.540, trial p=0.712, time-trial p=0.986; MVV time p=0.917, trial p=0.633, time-trial p=0.923). These results are consistent with the literature from participants with normal sleep patterns.1 No alterations in acute measures of pulmonary function were observed in apparently healthy individuals exposed to PM2.5 250μg/m3 of woodsmoke during exercise, nor does acute sleep deprivation alter these results.

Redesigning Price Setting Under The Universal Health Insurance In Egypt / إعادة تصميم التسعير في ظل التأمين الصحي الشامل في مصر, Ahmed El Agamy, Hebatalla Ahmed Ismail, Hend Hassan, Reem Gouda, Samah El Sayed

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Since the Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by the United Nations Development Programme, Universal Health coverage became the main target for many nations. One of the main challenges facing the governments to achieve universal health coverage is maintaining adequate policies to set fair pricing for the healthcare services. Each country has different strategies to apply fair pricing and this paper is discussing the current pricing methods in Egypt and suggesting three policies to tackle its challenges.

Not Coming Home: The Flaws In Skilled Nursing Facilities And Their Contribution To Cyclical Hospitalizations Of Post-Acute Patients, Kate Eisenbraun

Pitzer Senior Theses

This literature review will discuss the experience of patients within the US healthcare system, focusing on skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and their contribution to cyclical hospitalizations. SNFs differ from nursing homes and other long-term care facilities by providing short-term, post-operational rehabilitation at a cost lower than what is offered at hospitals. Despite their critical role, SNFs often face fundamental issues, such as understaffing, underfunding, and staff burn-out, which result in lower quality patient care. This thesis argues that the issues faced by SNFs are a result of inconsistencies with state and federal staffing regulations, as well as inadequate insurance reimbursements. …

Mental Disorders, The Positivity Effect, And Questions Of Identity And Responsibility, Liam Jones

Pitzer Senior Theses

In order to judge how behavior caused by the positivity effect should be considered, comparisons were made between the positivity effect and two mental disorders. These disorders, Tourette’s syndrome and psychopathy, were selected due to their extreme differences in what Strawsonian attitudes they inspire and how they are perceived relative to disordered patients’ will. Disorder-affected behavior of Tourette’s patients inspires the objective attitude and is seen as a condition affecting an individual’s will, while disorder-affected behavior of psychopaths inspires the interpersonal attitude and is seen as a character trait. Relevant distinctions between psychopathy and Tourette’s syndrome were found to include …

Cancer Survivors' Physical Activity Advice: A Guide For Assessment And Implementation For Nurses And Healthcare Workers, Kayla Burd

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Background: Physical activity (PA) improves cancer-related symptoms (e.g., fatigue, sleep) in cancer survivors, although there is low adherence due to barriers. Cancer survivors are interested in participating in PA but healthcare providers feel they have inadequate knowledge in PA and lack guidance to provide PA support.

Purpose: Examine PA advice for cancer survivors and healthcare providers from cancer survivor interviews to understand cancer survivors’ PA and create an algorithm to help healthcare providers assess and provide PA advice to cancer survivors.

Method: Qualitative content analysis of twenty interviews with cancer survivors regarding PA.

Results: Cancer survivors advised health care providers …

The Effect Of Young Blood Anti-Aging Treatment On Protein Markers Of Age And Huntington Disease, Sujena H. Koilpillai

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the huntingtin (HTT) protein, forming mutant HTT (mtHTT). HD patients suffer from psychiatric, behavioral, cognitive, and motor abnormalities, with death typically occurring 15-20 years after symptom onset. Currently, there are no treatments able to slow disease progression or delay onset. HD is a disease of aging. Despite the mtHTT protein being produced throughout life, symptoms do not typically appear until adulthood. Furthermore, many cellular effects of normal aging are also seen in HD, including altered intercellular communication and loss of proteostasis. Recently, our lab found …

Regulation Of The Protease Activity For The Mitochondrial Omi/Htra2, Simon Larson

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Human High Temperature requirement A2 (HtrA2) also known as Omi, is a serine protease located in the mitochondria with an important function in both cell survival and death. My results show the proteolytic activity of Omi/HtrA2 varies under different conditions. I characterized the optimal condition for Omi/HtrA2 protease activity using an in vitro assay system. Additionally, I identified a new allosteric regulation of Omi/HtrA2 through interaction with a specific substrate, the MUL1 protein. MUL1 is a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase anchored in the outer mitochondrial membrane with domains both inside mitochondria and in the cytoplasm. The data shown here strongly …

The Intertwined Relationship Of Stress And Sleep Quality Of Undergraduate Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jordan Nguyen

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study aims to examine the relationship between stress and sleep of undergraduate students during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The possibly correlational relationship between these two parameters was determined with respect to how this population was faring during recent times, two years into the pandemic. The study also served to examine how this relationship changed over time based on three time frames: before the pandemic, during the advent of the lockdown (March 2020-May 2020), and during recent times. A survey was developed to collect data from the undergraduate participants for correlation and regression analysis to determine the relationship …

Internal State Language And Coping In Narratives Of Covid-19: Relation To Psychological Well-Being, Divya Pradipkumar Patel

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The Covid-19 pandemic had global consequences for billions of individuals, including high rates of mortality and morbidity, lost income, and prolonged social isolation. In the short and long term, this crisis will have an impact on people's lives and mental health. The current correlational study looks at how internal state language, stress, and coping are used in college students' narratives concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown experiences in relation to psychological well-being. A sample of 216 undergraduate students completed surveys that recorded their narrative experiences of COVID-19, psychological well-being, depression severity, and measure of how stressful occurrences in one’s life …

The Relationship Between Sarcopenia And Diabetes Among Different Ethnic Groups, Rachel K. Williams

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Sarcopenia and diabetes are two conditions that reflect ongoing changes in global health trends: aging and obesity. Sarcopenia affects approximately 10-40% of the global population and type II diabetes affects around 415 million individuals (6.28% globally), with obesity contributing to a majority of the cases. Currently, approximately 9.3% of the population (727 million individuals) is aged 65 years or older; this number is predicted to reach 16% of the global population (around 1.5 billion individuals) in 2050. Many developed countries are undergoing demographic population pyramid rearrangements whereby an increasingly aging population must be supported by a shrinking youth cohort. Sarcopenia …

A Mixed Methods Study On Levels Of Physical Activity And Degree Of Fear Of Falling In Older Adults, Oscar L. Garcia

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Maintaining a physically active lifestyle has shown to decrease the risks of falling by slowing down the degenerative changes that occur with aging adults. But despite these physical changes, research has recognized the development of the fear of falling (FOF) as also attributing to the aging adults’ risk of falling. Furthermore, increases the risk of falling and subsequently increases the loss of independency. This study aimed to: 1) examine the relationships between the levels of physical activity, degree of FOF, and fall risk using quantitative approach; and 2) explore the changes of FOF and understand its cause using qualitative approach. …

Differences In Nutrition And Eating Patterns Between Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Neurotypical Youth, Mariam Spieler Tahech

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with communication, problems with social interactions, and repetitive patterns. A greater proportion of children with ASD tend to experience nutritional difficulties and feeding issues compared to neurotypical (NT) children; however, limited research has been examined that compares nutritional behaviors between children with ASD and NT youth. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in gastrointestinal issues, weight concerns, and mealtime behaviors in youth with ASD and NT youth. Data was utilized from the 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health which consisted of items related …

An Examination Of Lung Cancer Treatment Characteristics On Lung Cancer Patients With Co-Existing Heart Disease, Elias Rhanime

Honors Undergraduate Theses

With the rising rates of heart disease incidents in the United States and the increase in lung cancer deaths as well, many individuals suffer and get their treatments compromised due to these diseases. Especially considering that many lung cancer and heart disease patients are over 70 years of age, treatment options and success rates drop significantly. Due to this, a great concern is raised for patients with co-existing heart disease and lung cancer. This was a case-control study that assessed lung cancer treatment options and success rates for patients with co-existing heart disease. We used research papers that discussed lung …

Evaluating Fatal Overdose Deaths In Orange County Florida From 2019-2021, Brian Hall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study sought to investigate fatal overdoses in Orange County, Florida during the years of 2019, 2020, and 2021. Data for this project was provided by the Orange County Medical Examiner's office. Each overdose death was coded for age, sex, race, and cause of death. The purpose of the study is to identify trends to inform policy reform. The results reveal that fentanyl overdose deaths are continuing to rise as heroin overdose deaths decrease. Additionally, there is greater upward trends in polysubstance opioid overdose deaths as compared to non-opioid polysubstance overdose deaths. Ultimately, a specific type of overdose death cannot …

Reporter Chondrocyte Optimization Of Bioinks For Zonal 3d Bioprinting Of Cartilage, Kari Martyniak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, often thought of as a disease of the elderly, but post traumatic OA predominantly impacts younger individuals. Articular cartilage is the tissue that coats the end of your bones in synovial joints. Since cartilage has limited healing capacity, defects, or injuries to it progressively erodes down to the subchondral bone. Unfortunately, current treatment options all have limitations, particularly for younger patients. Cartilage has a specific zonal architecture that is distinguished by the different cell morphologies and arrangements, biochemical composition, and mechanical properties. 3D bioprinting is a tissue engineering technique that involves …

Macro-Level Factors Impacting Colorectal Cancer Screening Behavior Among Church-Going Chinese Immigrants In The U.S.: A Convergent Mixed-Method Study, Xian Cao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Chinese immigrants (CIs) had low colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. Macro-level health determinants may affect CIs' CRC screening; however, this is not well established. Thus, this research looked at the macro-level social factors of CRC screening among CIs. The POET theoretical framework guided this study, which includes four components: population (P), organization (O), environment (E), and technology (T). A convergent mixed method was used to investigate whether sociodemographic, acculturation, religious social capital, and mobile media-based cancer information seeking may predict CIs' endoscopic screening, and how these variables impact it. A validated survey and an interview covering the same factors were …

Remote Learning During Covid-19 On Internal Medicine Residents' Education: Barriers And Enhancements Through Lived Experiences, Stephanie Rivera-Velazquez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The COVID-19 pandemic uncovered instructional changes within higher education. Accommodations for continued instruction included a transition to remote learning. However, little research exists regarding the experiences of medical residents during this transition in their education while combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study, phenomenological in nature, aimed to explore the lived experiences of internal medicine medical residents at one medical college in Central Florida regarding the transition from face-to-face instruction to remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Eleven participating medical residents underwent semi-structured interviews via Zoom. Garrison's Community of Inquiry conceptual model and Hall and Hord's Concerns-Based Adoption Model …

Essential Factors For A Healthy Microbiome: A Scoping Review, Patricia Grace-Farfaglia, Heather Frazier, Maura D. Iversen

Health Science Faculty Publications

Recent discoveries of the purpose and potential of microbial interactions with humans have broad implications for our understanding of metabolism, immunity, the host–microbe genetic interactions. Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of phytonutrients in foods not only enrich microbial diversity in the lower human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) but also direct the functioning of the metagenome of the microbiota. Thus, healthy choices must include foods that contain nutrients that satisfy both the needs of humans and their microbes. Physical activity interventions at a moderate level of intensity have shown positive effects on metabolism and the microbiome, while intense training (>70% VO₂max) …

Initial Steps For Integrating Academic Electronic Health Records Into Clinical Curricula Of Physical And Occupational Therapy In The United States: A Survey-Based Observational Study, Stephen C. Burrows, Lola Halperin, Eric C. Nemec, Wendy Romney

Healthcare Informatics Faculty Publications

Training programs must be designed to prepare physical and occupational therapy students for using Electronic Health Records (EHR) and interprofessional collaboration. This report aims to describe physical and occupational therapy students' perceptions of integrating Academic EHR in their Problem-Based Learning (PBL) curricula in the College of Health Professions, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, the United States. A paper-based case approach to PBL was adapted by creating patient cases in an Academic EHR (AEHR). Students were asked to complete chart reviews and review provider notes to enhance their learning. An online survey was conducted to determine their perceptions of using AEHR …

Cannabis Use Rates And Modes Of Use In Kentucky, Gunnar Kennedy

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

ABSTRACT:

Background and Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to assess cannabis use rates and modes among people who use cannabis (PWUC) in the state of Kentucky in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic factors. Furthermore, this study compared Kentucky’s rates of use to other states and built a multivariable regression model to identify characteristics of individuals who use cannabis in Kentucky.

Methods:

For this cross-sectional descriptive analysis, we used 2020 data from the Kentucky Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We tabulated weighted responses to questions asking about frequency of cannabis use over the past 30 days, primary …

The Sequence Dependent Nanoscale Structure Of Cenp-A Nucleosomes, Tommy Stormberg, Yuri L. Lyubchenko

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

CENP-A is a histone variant found in high abundance at the centromere in humans. At the centromere, this histone variant replaces the histone H3 found throughout the bulk chromatin. Additionally, the centromere comprises tandem repeats of α-satellite DNA, which CENP-A nucleosomes assemble upon. However, the effect of the DNA sequence on the nucleosome assembly and centromere formation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structure of nucleosomes assembled with the CENP-A variant using Atomic Force Microscopy. We assembled both CENP-A nucleosomes and H3 nucleosomes on a DNA substrate containing an α-satellite motif and characterized their positioning and wrapping efficiency. We …

A Scoping Review Comparing Sustainable Diet Indices, Natalie Henning

Public Health Theses

Interest in environmentally sustainable diets (i.e., diets beneficial for both human and planetary health) has increased as the role of food systems in climate change and population health has become better understood. Sustainable diet indices have been proposed as a holistic approach to assessing diets around the world with regards to human and planetary outcomes. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize and compare sustainable diet indices and their applicability to various populations.A literature search of three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and the Climate Change and Human Health Literature Search Portal) was conducted to identify articles that developed, validated, …

Melissa: Monitoring The Environment With Living Investigatory Sentinel Species Apis Mellifera, Brady Rowe

Public Health Theses

Without the ability to meaningfully detect an environmental contaminant, public health efforts can get behind the curve, and people suffer for it. Industrial polluters are the major source of environmental contamination. Despite regulation, industrial compliance efforts are often limited by the difficulty of getting samples to analyze due to cost and logistical challenges. The current method requires a compliance officer to gather a sample or rely on self-reported measures from the potential polluters. This process can be remarkably costly both in capital and human labor. These issues can be remedied by relying on the domesticated honeybee to gather the “samples.” …