Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Comparing The Effectiveness Of Methods Meant To Reduce Perineal Laceration Rates, Danielle E Horovitz

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background

Perineal lacerations are a common occurrence in childbirth- with tears occurring in 53-79% of women. Trauma to the perineum is classified into 4 categories, with each class increasing in severity. Severe perineal lacerations have long term consequences for the women who experience them.

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of methods which aim to reduce the rate and severity of perineal lacerations, including: hands on vs hands off technique, slow and controlled birth, use of lubrication, perineal massage, etc.

Summary of Findings

The literature review suggests that it is critical to employ methods to reduce laceration incidence and severity as …

Best Practices For The Prevention And Treatment Of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia In Infancy, Janelle Paredes

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Microcytic hypochromic anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. This type of anemia is commonly found during infancy due to the lack of iron-fortified foods after six months of age. The effects linked to this deficiency can cause developmental delays and behavioral disturbances in infants if not treated immediately. Therefore, it is important for nurses to find the best practices to prevent microcytic hypochromic anemia to decrease its prevalence in infancy.

Objective: To find the best nursing practices for the prevention and treatment of microcytic hypochromic anemia in infancy.

Methods: This research will utilize …

Values Engagement As A Predictor Of Eating Disorder Severity In Female Adolescents With Eating Disorders, Julie M. Petersen, Jennifer L. Barney, Tyson S. Barrett, Tera S. Lensegrav-Benson, Benita Quakenbush-Roberts, Michael P. Twohig

Psychology Student Research

Values are freely chosen life directions and/or qualities of being that can motivate behavior change. There is nascent support for the utility of values work as a part of the therapeutic process across treatments, particularly in third wave therapy approaches (e.g., acceptance and commitment therapy). However, therapeutic values work is underresearched in clinical samples of youth. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of the two distinct values processes (engagement and obstruction), body image inflexibility, alongside other common comorbid symptoms of eating disorders (anxiety, depression) in a sample of female adolescents with eating disorders attending a …

Dcn Dissertation Proposal: The Impact Of A Pediatric Interdisciplinary Outpatient Feeding Clinic On Preterm Infant Weight Gain And Caregiver Compliance With Feeding Recommendations, Doretta Leung

Dean's Leadership Council Library Research Prize

Early nutrition intervention along with interdisciplinary care is important for premature infants because malnutrition often leads to poor growth in this population.1,2 Poor growth in preterm infants results in subsequent neurocognitive development as there is an association between deficient postnatal growth and poor neurologic outcome up to age 19.1,2 It is important to focus on an infant’s nutrition, feeding, and any gastroenterology concerns after hospital discharge to prevent poor growth. Most importantly, it is essential to have an interdisciplinary care monitoring infant care and outcomes in an outpatient setting; however, this service is lacking in Northeast Florida. The newly developed …

Ehealth Education And Support For Pediatric Hearing Aid Management: Parent Goals, Questions And Challenges, Natalie Nichols, Karen F. Munoz, Guadalupe G. San Miguel, Michael P. Twohig

Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education Student Research

Purpose: To investigate parent goals, questions, and challenges that emerged during coaching phone calls in an eHealth program designed to provide education and support for hearing aid management.

Methods: Coaching phone calls were audio-recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analyzed for emergent themes within the categories of goals, questions, and challenges.

Results: Emergent themes revealed parent goals were focused on self-efficacy, routines, device care and child development. Emergent themes for questions revealed parents asked questions related to the device care, audiology appointments, confirmation of learning, and child development. For challenges emergent themes revealed parents’ own struggles (e.g., with emotions), issues related to …

Assessing Sexual Assault And Harassment At Montclair State University: Research Abstracts, Amanda Birnbaum, Eva Goldfarb, Lisa Lieberman, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Public Health Implications Of Cannabis Legalization: An Exploration Of Adolescent Use And Evidence-Based Interventions, Joseph Donnelly, Michael Young, Brenda Marshall, Michael L. Hecht, Elena Saldutti

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Abstract: This article examines the relaxation of state marijuana laws, changes in adolescent use of marijuana, and implications for drug education. Under federal law, use of marijuana remains illegal. In spite of this federal legislation, as of 1 June 2021, 36 states, four territories and the District of Columbia have enacted medical marijuana laws. There are 17 states, two territories and the District of Columbia that have also passed recreational marijuana laws. One of the concerns regarding the enactment of legislation that has increased access to marijuana is the possibility of increased adolescent use of marijuana. While there are documented …

Acute Efects Of Beetroot Juice And Caffeine Co-Ingestion During A Team-Sport-Specific Intermittent Exercise Test In Semi-Professional Soccer Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, Erfan Berjisian, Kerry Mcgawley, Bryan Saunders, Raul Dominguez, Majid S. Koozehchian, Caio Victor Coutinho De Oliveira, Ramin Rafiei, Hossein Miraftabi, Amir Sarshin, Alireza Naderi

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Background: Beetroot juice (BJ) and caffeine (CAF) are considered as ergogenic aids among athletes to enhance performance, however, the ergogenic effects of BJ and CAF co-ingestion are unclear during team-sport-specific performance. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of BJ and CAF co-ingestion on team-sport-specific performance, compared with placebo (PL), BJ, and CAF alone.

Method: Sixteen semi-professional male soccer players (age: 19.8±2.2 years, body mass: 69.2±6.1 kg, height: 177.3±6.0 cm) completed four experimental trials using a randomized, double-blind study design: BJ+CAF, CAF+PL, BJ+PL, and PL+PL. Countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJAS) performance and cognitive function by Stroop Word-Color test …

Protocol For The Ketamine For Postoperative Avoidance Of Depressive Symptoms (K-Pass) Feasibility Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Bradley A Fritz, Bethany R Tellor Pennington, Ben J A Palanca, Julie A Schweiger, Jon T Willie, Nuri B Farber

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of Client-Centered Care Coordination For Hiv Prevention With Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: Activities, Personnel Costs, And Outcomes—Hptn 073, Darren L. Whitfield, La Ron E. Nelson, Arnošt Komárek, De Anne Turner, Zhao Ni, Donte T. Boyd, Tamara Taggart, S. Raquel Ramos, Leo Wilton, Geetha G. Beauchamp, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, Steven J. Shoptaw, Manya Magnus, Kenneth H. Mayer, Sheldon D. Fields, Darrell P. Wheeler

GW Authored Works

Background: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionate rates of HIV infection in the USA, despite being no more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors than other MSM racial/ethnic groups. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce risk of HIV acquisition; however, rates of PrEP use among Black MSM remain low. Clinical, psychosocial, and structural factors have been shown to impact PrEP use and adherence among Black MSM. Care coordination of HIV prevention services has the potential to improve PrEP use and adherence for Black MSM, as it has been shown to improve HIV-related …

Variability And Outcomes Of Medical And Lifestyle Management Of Peripheral Arterial Disease At The Time Of Lower Extremity Bypass, Ryan Howard, Jeremy Albright, Matthew Corriere, Nicholas Osborne, Eugene Laveroni, Peter Henke

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background: First-line treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) involves medical therapy and lifestyle modification. Specifically, the 2016 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines for the management of PAD make Class I recommendations for antiplatelet therapy, statin therapy, antihypertensive therapy, and cilostazol therapy, as well as exercise therapy and smoking cessation. Although evidence supports medical and lifestyle management of PAD before surgical intervention, it is currently unclear whether clinical practice reflects this. Moreover, it is also unknown whether variability in medical and lifestyle optimization before revascularization affects short- and long-term outcomes. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of …

An Exploration On The Barriers To Accessing Mental Health Services Among South Asian Youth, Oeishi Faruquzzaman

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Research in Canada and the United States has found that South Asians routinely underutilize mental health services, however research on the barriers experienced by South Asians is limited, especially research regarding the experiences of South Asian youth (Inman et al., 2014; Islam et al., 2017; Karasz et al., 2016). Through a series of semi-structured interviews (N=20) with South Asian youth between the ages 16 to 27 in the Greater Toronto Area, the present study explores South Asian youths’ experiences accessing mental health services and the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and service use. Thematic analysis of interview data reveal …

"If We're Not Loud, We're Not Cared For": Empowerment In Transgender Peoples' Healthcare Experiences, Chase Valiant

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Healthcare plays a crucial role in the health and quality of life of transgender (herein trans) people. The experiences people have when accessing healthcare, can have significant effects on future interactions with the healthcare system as well as individual health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to gather insights into trans peoples’ positive healthcare experiences and health outcomes through the lens of empowerment. Fifteen interviews with trans men and trans women were drawn from a larger study of trans peoples’ experiences of discrimination. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify key themes in the data. Experiences of empowerment were facilitated …

Expert Guidance On Prophylaxis And Treatment Of Dermatologic Adverse Events With Tumor Treating Fields (Ttfields) Therapy In The Thoracic Region, Milan J Anadkat, Mario Lacouture, Adam Friedman, Zachary D Horne, Jae Jung, Benjamin Kaffenberger, Sujith Kalmadi, Liza Ovington, Rupesh Kotecha, Huda Ismail Abdullah, Federica Grosso

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields, delivered via wearable arrays placed on or near the tumor site, that exert physical forces to disrupt cellular processes critical for cancer cell viability and tumor progression. As a first-in-class treatment, TTFields therapy is approved for use in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, recurrent glioblastoma, and pleural mesothelioma. Additionally, TTFields therapy is being investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), brain metastases from NSCLC, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Because TTFields therapy is well tolerated and delivery is locoregional, there is low risk of additive systemic adverse events (AEs) when used …

Automated Detection Of Vaping-Related Tweets On Twitter During The 2019 Evali Outbreak Using Machine Learning Classification, Yang Ren, Dezhi Wu, Avineet Singh, Erin Kasson, Ming Huang, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg

2020-Current year OA Pubs

There are increasingly strict regulations surrounding the purchase and use of combustible tobacco products (i.e., cigarettes); simultaneously, the use of other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes (i.e., vaping products), has dramatically increased. However, public attitudes toward vaping vary widely, and the health effects of vaping are still largely unknown. As a popular social media, Twitter contains rich information shared by users about their behaviors and experiences, including opinions on vaping. It is very challenging to identify vaping-related tweets to source useful information manually. In the current study, we proposed to develop a detection model to accurately identify vaping-related tweets using machine …

Immune Deconvolution And Temporal Mapping Identifies Stromal Targets And Developmental Intervals For Abrogating Murine Low-Grade Optic Glioma Formation, Amanda De Andrade Costa, Jit Chatterjee, Olivia Cobb, Elizabeth Cordell, Astoria Chao, Suzanne Schaeffer, Andrea Goldstein, Sonika Dahiya, David H Gutmann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Brain tumor formation and progression are dictated by cooperative interactions between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. This stromal dependence is nicely illustrated by tumors arising in the Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome, where children develop low-grade optic pathway gliomas (OPGs). Using several authenticated

METHODS: A combination of bulk and single-cell RNA mouse optic nerve sequencing, immunohistochemistry, T cell assays, and pharmacologic and antibody-mediated inhibition methods were used in these experiments.

RESULTS: We show that T cells and microglia are the main non-neoplastic immune cell populations in both murine and human LGGs. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD8

CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, …

The Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block: A Cadaveric Study, Serdar Kokar, Ahmet Ertaş, Özlem Mercan, Fatma Güler Yildirim, Ömer Alp Taştan, Kenan Akgün

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this cadaveric study was to investigate the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in lumbar region and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action of these injections in lumbar radicular pain by means of detecting expected dye dispersion to the neural structures. Materials and methods: Ultrasound-guided lumbar ESPB was performed in three formaldehyde-embalmed human cadavers. For this purpose, a 10 mL of methylene blue was injected into the fascial space between the L4 transverse process and the erector spinae muscles. Then, the cadavers were dissected, the cephalocaudal and lateral spread of the dye was examined, and the …

The Effects Of A Combination Treatment With Mesenchymal Stem Cell And Platelet-Rich Plasma On Tendon Healing: An Experimental Study, İlker Uyar, Zeynep Altuntaş, Siddika Findik, Mehmet Emi̇n Cem Yildirim, Serhat Yarar, Murat Aktan, Ahmet Avci

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects that the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) following tendon repair have on the strength and healing of the tendon and also to examine the possible mechanisms of action that take place. Materials and methods: The Achilles tendons of 80 rats were repaired and divided into eight groups. Following the repairs, MSCs obtained from humans were injected into the rat tendons in groups 1 and 2, a combination of MSCs from humans and PRP from rats was injected into the tendons in groups 3 and …

A Comparison Of Angled (D-Blade) And Macintosh (C-Mac) Videolaryngoscopes For Simulated Pediatric Difficult Airway: A Randomized Single-Blind Study, Alparslan Kuş, Can Aksu, Hadi̇ Ufuk Yörükoğlu, Volkan Alparslan, Kami̇l Toker

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Being prepared for difficult airway (DA) is nevertheless of great importance. Failed or delayed tracheal intubation (TI) can increase morbidity and mortality, and the pediatric population is more prone to hypoxia. With the development of different types of videolaryngoscope (VL), these have become the device of choice in patients with DA. Our primary aim was to compare intubation times with D-blade and Macintosh blade of Storz C-MAC® in a simulated pediatric DA scenario with this randomized controlled trial. Materials and methods: Children aged 1-5 years scheduled for elective surgery were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two …

Could Computed Tomography Histogram Analysis Add Value To The Diagnosis Of Cholesteatoma?, Nursel Yurttutan, Nagi̇han Bi̇lal, Betül Kizildağ, Adem Doğaner

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To investigate the potential role of computed tomography (CT) histogram analysis in differentiating cholesteatoma (CHS) and non-cholesteatoma (NCHS). Materials and methods: We evaluated 77 temporal bone CT images (from November 2016 to February 2020) that were obtained pre- operatively (mean age, 37.10±17.27 years in CHS; 36.72±16.08 years in NCHS group). Histogram analyses of the resulting XML files were conducted using the R Project 3.3.2 program. ROC analysis was used to find threshold values, and the diagnostic efficiency of these values in differentiating CHS-NCHS was determined. Results: The CT images of 41 CHS (53.25%) and 36 NHCS cases (46.75%) were …

A High-Fat And High-Fructose Diet Lowers The Cecal Digesta's Weight And Short-Chain Fatty Acid Level Of A Sprague-Dawley Rat Model, Etik Sulistyowati, Dian Handayani, Setyawati Soeharto, Achmad Rudijanto

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aimed to analyze the effect of a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) on the digesta weight and short- chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels of cecal digesta in rats. Materials and methods: This study was an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design with male Sprague-Dawley strain rats as the samples. A total of 36 rats were divided into two groups with normal diet (N) and modified HFFD. The data of energy intake, nutrients and fiber, body weight, Lee index, abdominal circumference, digesta weight, and SCFA levels of cecal digesta were collected. Results: The results showed an …

Patterns Of Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy In Clinically Node-Positive Breast Cancerpatients With Pathologically Negative Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Mutlay Sayan, Irina Vergalasova, Mridula George, Maria Kowzun, Lindsay Potdevin, Shicha Kumar, Bruce Haffty, Nisha Ohri

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To analyze postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) utilization and its association with overall survival (OS) in patients presenting with node-positive breast cancer who are pathologically node-negative (ypN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and methods: Using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), we identified patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 with clinical T1-4 node-positive nonmetastatic breast cancer who received NAC and underwent mastectomy with pathologically negative lymph node sampling. Multivariable regression models identified factors associated with PMRT use. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate predictors of mortality. Results: The study included 8766 clinically node-positive patients who met the …

Prognostic Value Of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain For Disease Activity And Worsening In Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Results From The Phase 3 Asclepios I And Ii Trials, Tjalf Ziemssen, Anne H Cross, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to confirm the prognostic value of baseline serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) for on-study disease activity and worsening in patients with relapsing MS (RMS).

BACKGROUND: Previous

DESIGN/METHODS: In this study, we report protocol-planned analyses from the pooled ASCLEPIOS I/II trials (N=1882). Per protocol, patients were stratified by median baseline sNfL levels (9.3 pg/ml) into high (>median) and low (≤median) categories to prognosticate: annualized rate of new/enlarging T2 (neT2) lesions in year 1 and 2, annualized relapse rate, annual percentage change in whole brain (WB) and regional brain volume [thalamus, white matter (WM), cortical gray matter …

Bullying And Truancy Amongst School-Going Adolescents In Timor-Leste: Results From The 2015 Global School-Based Health Survey, Derrick Nyantakyi Owusu, Kenneth Owusu Ansah, Nutifafa Eugene Yaw Dey, Henry Ofori Duah, Pascal Agbadi

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction

Studies in Southeast Asia found that bullying commonly occurred among students, and it has a detrimental impact on their school attendance. However, there is a paucity of literature in Timor-Leste on the association between bullying and truancy. Therefore, this study examined the association between bullying and truancy among Timor-Leste school-going adolescents.

Methods

We used the 2015 Timor-Leste Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) dataset to examine our hypothesis in logistic regression models for both full adolescents (N = 3609) and gender stratified samples. The models further controlled for other sociodemographic variables. Statistical significance was pegged at p ≤ …

Spaghetti Tracer: A Framework For Tracing Semiregular Filamentous Densities In 3d Tomograms, Salim Sazzed, Peter Scheible, Jing He, Willy Wriggers

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Within cells, cytoskeletal filaments are often arranged into loosely aligned bundles. These fibrous bundles are dense enough to exhibit a certain regularity and mean direction, however, their packing is not sufficient to impose a symmetry between—or specific shape on—individual filaments. This intermediate regularity is computationally difficult to handle because individual filaments have a certain directional freedom, however, the filament densities are not well segmented from each other (especially in the presence of noise, such as in cryo-electron tomography). In this paper, we develop a dynamic programming-based framework, Spaghetti Tracer, to characterizing the structural arrangement of filaments in the challenging 3D …

Toward A Real-Time Index Of Pupillary Activity As An Indicator Of Cognitive Load, Gavindya Jayawardena, Yasith Jayawardana, Sampath Jayarathna, Jonas Högström, Thomas Papa, Deepak Akkil, Andrew T. Duchowski, Vsevolod Peysakhovich, Izabela Krejtz, Nina Gehrer, Krzysztof Krejtz

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The Low/High Index of Pupillary Activity (LHIPA), an eye-tracked measure of pupil diameter oscillation, is redesigned and implemented to function in real-time. The novel Real-time IPA (RIPA) is shown to discriminate cognitive load in re-streamed data from earlier experiments. Rationale for the RIPA is tied to the functioning of the human autonomic nervous system yielding a hybrid measure based on the ratio of Low/High frequencies of pupil oscillation. The paper's contribution is drawn from provision of documentation of the calculation of the RIPA. As with the LHIPA, it is possible for researchers to apply this metric to their own experiments …

A Role For An Htlv-1 Vaccine?, Lee Ratner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

HTLV-1 is a global infection with 5-20 million infected individuals. Although only a minority of infected individuals develop myelopathy, lymphoproliferative malignancy, or inflammatory disorders, infection is associated with immunosuppression and shorter survival. Transmission of HTLV-1 is through contaminated blood or needles, mother-to-child exposure through breast-feeding, and sexual intercourse. HTLV-1 is a delta retrovirus that expresses immunogenic Gag, Envelope, TAX, and Hbz proteins. Neutralizing antibodies have been identified directed against the surface envelope protein, and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes within TAX have been characterized. Thus far, there have been few investigations of vaccines directed against each of these proteins, with limited responses, …

Australian Teachers’ Perceptions And Experiences Of Food And Nutrition Education In Primary Schools: A Qualitative Study, Gozde Aydin, Claire Margerison, Anthony Worsley, Alison Booth

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Teacher delivered food and nutrition education (FNE) can be effective in improving children’s food literacy and eating habits. However, teachers are known to face some barriers to the delivery of FNE globally. To obtain a deeper understanding of Australian primary school teachers’ experiences and views, 17 teachers were interviewed. The results of the thematic analysis showed that teachers acknowledged the importance of FNE and were willing to include more FNE content into their teaching. We also identified the FNE topics taught, resources used, their teaching partners, and barriers encountered. The discussion presents strategies to overcome these barriers.

Emotional Freedom Techniques (Tapping) To Improve Wellbeing And Reduce Anxiety In Primary School Classrooms, Margaret T. Lambert, Sue E. Smith, Simon Moss, Marilynne N. Kirshbaum

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

The use of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) as a class exercise was investigated to ascertain its effectiveness for student wellbeing. Although EFT has been validated in clinical settings, studies have not yet established whether this approach could be applied in classrooms to curb anxiety and improve wellbeing. A pragmatic, mixed methods study was conducted with 138 students in northern Australian primary schools. Student anxiety dissipated over two stages of intervention. Aside from class tapping sessions, students sometimes tapped surreptitiously, and teachers applied tapping for themselves on occasions. Students generally preferred a quieter, individual approach during class tapping sessions. Broader themes …

Video Game Rehabilitation For Outpatient Stroke (Vigorous): A Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial Of In-Home, Self-Managed, Upper-Extremity Therapy., Lynne V Gauthier, Deborah S Nichols-Larsen, Gitendra Uswatte, Nancy Strahl, Marie Simeo, Rachel Proffitt, Kristina Kelly, Roger Crawfis, Edward Taub, David Morris, Linda Pax Lowes, Victor Mark, Alexandra Borstad

Neuroscience Articles

BACKGROUND: Integrating behavioral intervention into motor rehabilitation is essential for improving paretic arm use in daily life. Demands on therapist time limit adoption of behavioral programs like Constraint-Induced Movement (CI) therapy, however. Self-managed motor practice could free therapist time for behavioral intervention, but there remains insufficient evidence of efficacy for a self-management approach.

METHODS: This completed, parallel, five-site, pragmatic, single-blind trial established the comparative effectiveness of using in-home gaming self-management as a vehicle to redirect valuable therapist time towards behavioral intervention. Community-dwelling adults with post-stroke (>6 months) mild/moderate upper extremity hemiparesis were randomized to receive one of 4 different …