Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Tracheostomy In Infants With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Review., Gangaram Akangire, Winston M. Manimtim

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

In recent years, with increased survival of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), long term ventilation due to severe BPD has increased and become the most common indication for tracheostomy in infants less than one year of age. Evidence shows that tracheostomy in severe BPD may improve short- and long-term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, there is significant variation among centers in the indication, timing, intensive care management, and follow-up care after hospital discharge of infants with severe BPD who received tracheostomy for chronic ventilation. The timing of liberation from the ventilator, odds of decannulation, rate of rehospitalization, growth, and …

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes In Solid Organ Transplant Patients, A Matched Cohort Study Of Aseptic And Infected Revisions, Alexander Upfill-Brown, Shannon Y Wu, Christopher Hart, Peter P Hsiue, Clark J Chen, Danielle Y. Ponzio, Christos Photopoulos, Alexandra I Stavrakis

Rothman Institute Papers

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that solid organ transplant (SOT) patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are at an increased risk of postoperative complications. The purpose of this study is to utilize a large, national database to investigate revision TKA (rTKA) outcomes in SOT patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective review utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) and ICD-9 codes to identify patients who underwent rTKA from 2010-2014 with a history of at least one SOT. Propensity-score-matching (PSM) was used to compare rTKA outcomes in SOT patients compared to matched patients without SOT.

Results: A total of 303,867 rTKAs, …

Diversity And Inclusion Or Tokens? A Qualitative Study Of Black Women Academic Nurse Leaders In The United States, Kechi Iheduru-Anderson, Florence O Okoro, Shawana S Moore

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

Severe under-representation of Black women academic nurse leaders persists in United States higher education, and a major research gap still exists regarding experiences of these leaders, and facilitators of and barriers to their success. Our objective was to examine how race and gender influence how Black women academic nurse leaders’ function in their leadership positions, how they are perceived by their peers, and how their perception of race, gender, class, and power influences diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in the workplace. Critical race theory was used as a guiding theory, and the study design involved narrative inquiry followed by thematic …

Genetic Determinants Of Telomere Length From 109,122 Ancestrally Diverse Whole-Genome Sequences In Topmed, Margaret A Taub, Matthew P Conomos, Rebecca Keener, Kruthika R Iyer, Joshua S Weinstock, Lisa R Yanek, John Lane, Tyne W Miller-Fleming, Jennifer A Brody, Laura M Raffield, Caitlin P Mchugh, Deepti Jain, Stephanie M Gogarten, Cecelia A Laurie, Ali Keramati, Marios Arvanitis, Albert V Smith, Benjamin Heavner, Lucas Barwick, Lewis C Becker, Joshua C Bis, John Blangero, Eugene R Bleecker, Esteban G Burchard, Juan C Celedón, Yen Pei C Chang, Brian Custer, Dawood Darbar, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Dawn L Demeo, Barry I Freedman, Melanie E Garrett, Mark T Gladwin, Susan R Heckbert, Bertha A Hidalgo, Marguerite R Irvin, Talat Islam, W Craig Johnson, Stefan Kaab, Lenore Launer, Jiwon Lee, Simin Liu, Arden Moscati, Kari E North, Patricia A Peyser, Nicholas Rafaels, Christine Seidman, Daniel E Weeks, Fayun Wen, Marsha M Wheeler, L Keoki Williams, Ivana V Yang, Wei Zhao, Stella Aslibekyan, Paul L Auer, Donald W Bowden, Brian E Cade, Zhanghua Chen, Michael H Cho, L Adrienne Cupples, Joanne E Curran, Michelle Daya, Ranjan Deka, Celeste Eng, Tasha E Fingerlin, Xiuqing Guo, Lifang Hou, Shih-Jen Hwang, Jill M Johnsen, Eimear E Kenny, Albert M Levin, Chunyu Liu, Ryan L Minster, Take Naseri, Mehdi Nouraie, Muagututi'a Sefuiva Reupena, Ester C Sabino, Jennifer A Smith, Nicholas L Smith, Jessica Lasky Su, James G Taylor, Marilyn J Telen, Hemant K Tiwari, Russell P Tracy, Marquitta J White, Yingze Zhang, Kerri L Wiggins, Scott T Weiss, Ramachandran S Vasan, Kent D Taylor, Moritz F Sinner, Edwin K Silverman, M Benjamin Shoemaker, Wayne H-H Sheu, Frank Sciurba, David A Schwartz, Jerome I Rotter, Daniel Roden, Susan Redline, Benjamin A Raby, Bruce M Psaty, Juan M Peralta, Nicholette D Palmer, Sergei Nekhai, Courtney G Montgomery, Braxton D Mitchell, Deborah A Meyers, Stephen T Mcgarvey, Nhlbi Care Network, Angel Cy Mak, Ruth Jf Loos, Rajesh Kumar, Charles Kooperberg, Barbara A Konkle, Shannon Kelly, Sharon Lr Kardia, Robert Kaplan, Jiang He, Hongsheng Gui, Frank D Gilliland, Bruce D Gelb, Myriam Fornage, Patrick T Ellinor, Mariza De Andrade, Adolfo Correa, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Eric Boerwinkle, Kathleen C Barnes, Allison E Ashley-Koch, Donna K Arnett, Nhlbi Trans-Omics For Precision Medicine (Topmed) Consortium, Topmed Hematology And Hemostasis Working Group, Topmed Structural Variation Working Group, Cathy C Laurie, Goncalo Abecasis, Deborah A Nickerson, James G Wilson, Stephen S Rich, Daniel Levy, Ingo Ruczinski, Abraham Aviv, Thomas W Blackwell, Timothy Thornton, Jeff O'Connell, Nancy J Cox, James A Perry, Mary Armanios, Alexis Battle, Nathan Pankratz, Alexander P Reiner, Rasika A Mathias

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Genetic studies on telomere length are important for understanding age-related diseases. Prior GWAS for leukocyte TL have been limited to European and Asian populations. Here, we report the first sequencing-based association study for TL across ancestrally-diverse individuals (European, African, Asian and Hispanic/Latino) from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) of whole blood for variant genotype calling and the bioinformatic estimation of telomere length in n=109,122 individuals. We identified 59 sentinel variants (p-value <5×10-9) in 36 loci associated with telomere length, including 20 newly associated loci (13 were replicated in external datasets). There was little evidence of effect size heterogeneity across populations. Fine-mapping at OBFC1 indicated the independent signals colocalized with cell-type specific eQTLs for OBFC1 (STN1). Using a multi-variant gene-based approach, …

A Keyword-Enhanced Approach To Handle Class Imbalance In Clinical Text Classification, Andrew E. Blanchard, Shang Gao, Hong Jun Yoon, J. Blair Christian, Eric B. Durbin, Xiao Cheng Wu, Antoinette Stroup, Jennifer Doherty, Stephen M. Schwartz, Charles Wiggins, Linda Coyle, Lynne Penberthy, Georgia D. Tourassi

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Recent applications ofdeep learning have shown promising results for classifying unstructured text in the healthcare domain. However, the reliability of models in production settings has been hindered by imbalanced data sets in which a small subset of the classes dominate. In the absence of adequate training data, rare classes necessitate additional model constraints for robust performance. Here, we present a strategy for incorporating short sequences of text (i.e. keywords) into training to boost model accuracy on rare classes. In our approach, we assemble a set of keywords, including short phrases, associated with each class. The keywords are then used as …

Microbial Cell Factory Of Baccatin Iii Preparation In Escherichia Coli By Increasing Dbat Thermostability And In Vivo Acetyl-Coa Supply, Jia-Jun Huang, Tao Wei, Zhi-Wei Ye, Qian-Wang Zheng, Bing-Hua Jiang, Wen-Feng Han, An-Qi Ye, Pei-Yun Han, Li-Qiong Guo, Jun-Fang Lin

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Given the rapid development of genome mining in this decade, the substrate channel of paclitaxel might be identified in the near future. A robust microbial cell factory with gene dbat, encoding a key rate-limiting enzyme 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-transferase (DBAT) in paclitaxel biosynthesis to synthesize the precursor baccatin III, will lay out a promising foundation for paclitaxel de novo synthesis. Here, we integrated gene dbat into the wild-type Escherichia coli BW25113 to construct strain BWD01. Yet, it was relatively unstable in baccatin III synthesis. Mutant gene dbat S189V with improved thermostability was screened out from a semi-rational mutation library …

Antibiotic Exposure And Acquisition Of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Among Outpatients At A Us Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brigid M. Wilson, Sunah Song, Federico Perez, Robin L.P. Jump

Faculty Scholarship

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria (R-GNB) among patients without recent hospitalization and to examine the influence of outpatient antibiotic exposure on the risk of acquiring R-GNB in this population. Design: 2-year retrospective cohort study. Setting: Regional Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Patients: Outpatients at 13 community-based clinics. Methods: We examined the rate of acquisition of R-GNB within 90 days following an outpatient visit from 2018 to 2019. We used clinical and administrative databases to determine and summarize prescriptions for systemic antibiotics, associated infectious diagnoses, and subsequent R-GNB acquisition among patients without recent hospitalizations. We also calculated the …

Fbxw7-Mediated Erk3 Degradation Regulates The Proliferation Of Lung Cancer Cells, Hyun-Jung An, Cheol-Jung Lee, Ga-Eun Lee, Youngwon Choi, Dohyun Jeung, Weidong Chen, Hye Suk Lee, Han Chang Kang, Joo Young Lee, Dae Joon Kim

School of Medicine Publications

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, members of which play essential roles in diverse cellular processes during carcinogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion. Unlike other MAPKs, ERK3 is an unstable protein with a short half-life. Although deubiquitination of ERK3 has been suggested to regulate the activity, its ubiquitination has not been described in the literature. Here, we report that FBXW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7) acts as a ubiquitination E3 ligase for ERK3. Mammalian two-hybrid assay and immunoprecipitation results demonstrated that ERK3 is a novel binding partner …

Optimizing Patient Selection For Irreversible Electroporation Of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Analyses Of Survival, Matthew R. Woeste, Khaleel D. Wilson, Edward J. Kruse, Matthew J. Weiss, John D. Christein, Rebekah R. White, Robert C. G. Martin Ii

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has emerged as a viable consolidative therapy after induction chemotherapy, in which this combination has improved overall survival of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Optimal timing and patient selection for irreversible electroporation remains a clinically unmet need. The aim of this study was to investigate preoperative factors that may assist in predicting progression-free and overall survival following IRE.

Methods: A multi-institutional, prospectively maintained database was reviewed for patients with LAPC treated with induction chemotherapy followed by open-technique irreversible electroporation from 7/2015-5/2019. RECIST 1.1 criteria were used to assess tumor response and radiological progression. Overall survival (OS) …

Genetic Determinants Of Telomere Length From 109,122 Ancestrally Diverse Whole-Genome Sequences In Topmed, Margaret A. Taub, Matthew P. Conomos, Rebecca Keener, Kruthika R. Iyer, Joshua S. Weinstock, Lisa R. Yanek, John Lane, John Blangero, Joanne E. Curran, Juan M. Peralta

School of Medicine Publications

Genetic studies on telomere length are important for understanding age-related diseases. Prior GWASs for leukocyte TL have been limited to European and Asian populations. Here, we report the first sequencing-based association study for TL across ancestrally diverse individuals (European, African, Asian, and Hispanic/Latino) from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of whole blood for variant genotype calling and the bioinformatic estimation of telomere length in n = 109,122 individuals. We identified 59 sentinel variants (p < 5 × 10−9) in 36 loci associated with telomere length, including 20 newly associated loci (13 were replicated in external datasets). There was little evidence of effect size heterogeneity across populations. Fine-mapping at OBFC1 indicated that the independent signals colocalized with cell-type-specific eQTLs for OBFC1 (STN1). Using a multi-variant gene-based approach, we identified two genes newly implicated in telomere length, DCLRE1B (SNM1B) and PARN. In PheWAS, we demonstrated that our TL polygenic trait scores (PTSs) were associated with an increased risk of cancer-related phenotypes.

The Antibody Response To Sars-Cov-2 Beta Underscores The Antigenic Distance To Other Variants, Chang Liu, Rita E Chen, Michael S Diamond, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Alpha-B.1.1.7, Beta-B.1.351, Gamma-P.1, and Delta-B.1.617.2 variants of SARS-CoV-2 express multiple mutations in the spike protein (S). These may alter the antigenic structure of S, causing escape from natural or vaccine-induced immunity. Beta is particularly difficult to neutralize using serum induced by early pandemic SARS-CoV-2 strains and is most antigenically separated from Delta. To understand this, we generated 674 mAbs from Beta-infected individuals and performed a detailed structure-function analysis of the 27 most potent mAbs: one binding the spike N-terminal domain (NTD), the rest the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Two of these RBD-binding mAbs recognize a neutralizing epitope conserved between SARS-CoV-1 and …

Breadth Of Vaccinated Cancer Patient Humoral Response To Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein And Rbd Variants, Julia Corman, Joey Breckenridge Jr., Adrienne M. Bushau-Sprinkle, Krystal T. Hamorsky, Joshua L. Fuqua

Posters-at-the-Capitol

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 of which several variants have emerged, such as the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant. The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), located within the Spike protein is an immunogenic epitope for potent neutralizing antibodies. Current mRNA vaccines encode for the Spike protein, allowing the body to build antigen-specific antibodies. Assays measuring protective antibodies are essential to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and can be used as a platform for variant screening. RBD-foldon 2.2 is a novel antigen produced by fusing RBD with the trimerization domain Fibritin from Bacteriophage T4. Its amino acid sequence is based on the original …

The Effect Of A Vegetation Buffer On Sound Levels, Madison Cicha

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Noise pollution is a growing concern in the environmental health community. Unlike other common exposures, such as air and water pollution, noise is uniquely difficult for an individual to protect themselves from. Studies have shown multiple adverse health outcomes resulting from exposure to noise pollution, including hearing impairment, negative social behavior and annoyance, sleep disturbance, along with a strong association between noise pollution and high cardiovascular risk. It is important, then, to look for solutions to this exposure. This study is designed to assess the effects of a tree barrier in reducing traffic noise. Noise monitoring was conducted at Saint …

Using Crispr Gene Editing To Prevent Accumulation Of Lipids In Hepatocytes, Erin Young, Cem Kuscu, Christine Watkins, Murat Dogan

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

CRISPR gene editing is a molecular technology that can be used to silence gene expression. In this experiment, genes that are known to play a role in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes were targeted. Specifically, levels of fatty acid transport proteins 2 and 5 (FATP2 & 5) have been shown to be elevated in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The goal of this experiment was to reduce expression of these genes by using a dead Cas9 (dCas9) protein with an attached inhibitory domain (KRAB) that acts on the promotor region. When measuring the mRNA expression, it was determined that the …

Theoretical Analysis Of Motor Activity In Assessing The Mass Sports Movement Of Schoolchildren, Khasan Nematullayevich Utashev

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: The purpose of the study consists in the theoretical study of the results of their research by studying and analyzing the general state of involvement of school-age students in mass sports events.

Methods: The children’s need for mass sports and the level of their interest in sports were determined by conducting pedagogical and psychological questionnaires. Measures have been developed to develop mass sports movement in schools and proposals have been developed. Also, in the course of the study, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, questionnaires, mathematical statistics were widely used.

Results: Walking accounted for 60% of …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 103), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

2022-01-11_Michiganoverview_Covidlongtermcare, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Long Term Care Data

The COVID Long Term Care Facilities page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163_98173-526911--,00.html.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by long-term care facilities into EMResource. Data for all reporting facilities is posted weekly each Monday.

The information below represents COVID-19 data reported directly to MDHHS by licensed and operating Skilled Nursing, Home for the Aged and Adult Foster Care facilities (licensed to serve 13 or more individuals) in Michigan from January 1, 2020. All long-term care facilities additionally have an obligation to report COVID-positive residents and/or staff …

Stride-Level Analysis Of Mouse Open Field Behavior Using Deep-Learning-Based Pose Estimation., Keith Sheppard, Justin Gardin, Gautam S Sabnis, Asaf Peer, Megan Darrell, Sean P Deats, Brian Q Geuther, Cathleen Lutz, Vivek Kumar

Faculty Research 2022

Gait and posture are often perturbed in many neurological, neuromuscular, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Rodents provide a tractable model for elucidating disease mechanisms and interventions. Here, we develop a neural-network-based assay that adopts the commonly used open field apparatus for mouse gait and posture analysis. We quantitate both with high precision across 62 strains of mice. We characterize four mutants with known gait deficits and demonstrate that multiple autism spectrum disorder (ASD) models show gait and posture deficits, implying this is a general feature of ASD. Mouse gait and posture measures are highly heritable and fall into three distinct classes. We …

Empathy Development Among Undergraduate Nursing Students Through Intimate Partner Violence Simulation, Jennifer Benson, Peggy H. Anderson, Gaye L. Ray, Denise Cummins, Michael Thomas

Student Works

The purpose of this Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) education quality improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of an undergraduate Community Health Nursing course, IPV simulation and learning activities. This experiential learning activity offered participants an opportunity to temporarily view life from the perspective of actual IPV victims/survivors, and review and discuss IPV statistics, at-risk populations, and warning signs.

The quality improvement project was developed using a mixed-methods quality improvement design. A convenience sample of 35 participants allowed matched-sample statistical analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy Health Professions student version (JSE-HPS version) scores. Pre-to-post JSE-HPS version empathy survey scores …

Hiv-1 Genetic Diversity A Challenge For Aids Vaccine Development: A Retrospective Bibliometric Analysis, Abdur Rashid, Kang Li, Yi Feng, Tauseef Ahmad, Yimam Getaneh, Yueyang Yu, Xiaoyan Hu, Syed Hani Abidi, Yiming Shao

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Despite recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) prevention, a fast, safe, and effective vaccine will probably be necessary to end the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This study was conducted to evaluate global research trends and map the key bibliometric indices in HIV-1 genetic diversity from 1998 to 2021.
Methods: A comprehensive online search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database to retrieve published literature on HIV-1 genetic diversity. Key bibliometric indicators were calculated and evaluated using HistCiteTM, Bibliometrix: An R-tool, and VOSviewer software for windows.
Results: A total of 2,060 documents written by 9,201 authors and published …

2022-01-11_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, …

Hematologic Involvement As A Predictor Of Mortality In Covid-19 Patients In A Safety Net Hospital, Luis F. Gonzalez-Mosquera, Sandra Gomez-Paz, Eric Lam, Diana Cardenas-Maldonado, Joshua Fogel, Vishnu Adi, Sofia Rubinstein

Publications and Research

Introduction: COVID-19 affects the hematologic system. This article evaluated the impact of hematologic involvement of different blood cell line parameters of white blood cells including absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin, and platelets in COVID-19 patients and their association with hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 475 patients with con- firmed positive COVID-19 infection and hematologic abnormalities in the metropolitan New York City area.

Results: Elevated absolute neutrophil count (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.42; p < 0.05) increased days of hematologic involvement (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 1.42-13.90; p < 0.05), and persistence of hematologic involvement at discharge (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.20-6.90; p < 0.05) was associated with higher mortality. Higher hemoglobin at admission (OR: 0.77; 95% CI:0.60-0.98; p < 0.001) and platelets peak (OR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.992-0.997; p < 0.001) were associated with decreased mor- tality. Patients with higher white blood cell peak (B = 0.46; SE = 0.07; p < 0.001) and higher hemoglobin at admission (B = 0.05; SE = 0.01; p < 0.001) were associated with higher LOS. Those with higher hemo- globin nadir (B = -0.06; SE = 0.01; p < 0.001), higher platelets nadir (B = -0.001; SE = < 0.001; p < 0.001), and hematologic involvement at discharge or death (B = -0.06; SE = 0.03; p < 0.05) were associated with lower LOS.

Conclusions: These findings can be used by clinicians to better risk- stratify patients with hematologic involvement in COVID-19 …

What Do Epidemic History And Sexual Minority Men’S Experiences Of Hiv And Covid-19 Teach Us About Pandemic Preparedness?, Amy Braksmajer, Andrew London

Population Health Research Brief Series

For many, COVID-19 feels like the first, massive, life-threatening epidemic of infectious disease they have faced. However, for sexual minority individuals who have experienced trauma and loss stemming from the HIV epidemic, there are many similarities. This brief summarizes findings from interviews with men who have lived through both pandemics as a way to gain insights into the commonalities and differences of their experiences. Findings show that men who lived through both epidemics believe the government did not do enough to respond to either crisis. To better prepare for future epidemics, public health efforts must be less fragmented, including a …

Use Of Tocilizumab, Remdesivir, And High-Dose Methylprednisolone Prevents Intubation In An Esrd Patient With Covid-19 Pneumonia, Ramzan Judge, Stephanie Kolaski, Farhan Qadeer

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 200 million patients worldwide. COVID-19 is transmitted through respiratory droplets from patient to patient or by touching a surface that has been contaminated by an infected patient. Many COVID-19 patients have other comorbidities, such as end-stage renal disease. Currently, management of COVID-19 in patients with end-stage renal disease is unclear. Some studies have shown improvement in this population with the use of tocilizumab, a humanized interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, in addition to the standard therapy as per guidelines published by the National Institutes of Health. In this case report, we present a patient case …

Accuracy And Practical Considerations For Doubly Labeled Water Analysis In Nutrition Studies Using A Laser-Based Isotope Instrument (Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy), Linda M Reynard, William W Wong, Noreen Tuross

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Given the utility of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method for determination of energy expenditure, additional techniques for isotope analysis of the samples are welcome. Laser-based instruments are one such new analytical tool, but their accuracy and feasibility for DLW studies are grossly understudied.

Objectives: We assessed the accuracy of laser-based isotope ratio measurements as part of the DLW method for estimation of carbon dioxide production rate (rCO2) and total energy expenditure (TEE), in between-group comparison study designs.

Methods: Urine samples from a previous study were analyzed with a laser-based instrument [off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS)]. In that …

Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity As A Biomarker Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study Of 4 Racial Or Ethnic Groups, Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts, Nancy E Moran, Qiang Wu, Lisa Harnack, Neal E Craft, Neil Hanchard, Ronny Bell, Stacey G Moe, Nevin Johnson, Justice Obasohan, Pamela L Carr-Manthe, Melissa N Laska

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research.

Objectives: To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively.

Methods: Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration …

Association Between Perceived Health Risks Of E-Cigarettes And Actual E-Cigarette Use, Based On Cigarette Smoking Status And Sexual And Gender Minority Status Among Us Adults, David Adzrago, Yue Shi, Kayo Fujimoto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of consensus in the literature about the association between the perceived health risks of e-cigarettes and their actual use, an association that may be based on cigarette smoking status or sexual and gender minority status. This study examined the moderating effect of these variables as well as differences in e-cigarette use between and within perceived harmfulness of e-cigarettes and cigarette smoking among U.S. adults.

METHODS: The data were drawn from the 2020 and 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5), Cycles 4 and 3, on adults (

RESULTS: Of the study population, 30.75% currently …

Epigenetic Silencing Of Tumor Suppressor Lncrna Nkila: Implication On Nf-Κb Signaling In Non-Hodgkin’S Lymphoma, Min-Yue Zhang, George Calin, Ming-Dan Deng, Rex K H Au-Yeung, Lu-Qian Wang, Chor-Sang Chim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NKILA, localized to 20q13.31, is a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling implicated in carcinogenesis. As a CpG island is embedded in the promoter region of NKILA, it is hypothesized as a tumor suppressor lncRNA silenced by promoter DNA methylation in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). By pyrosequencing-verified methylation-specific PCR, NKILA methylation was detected in 1/10 (10%) NHL cell lines, but not in normal peripheral blood buffy coats or tonsils. NKILA methylation correlated with the repression of NKILA in cell lines. Hypomethylation treatment with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in promoter demethylation and the re-expression of NKILA. In 102 …

Cxcl10 Chemokine Regulates Heterogeneity Of The Cd8+ T Cell Response And Viral Set Point During Chronic Infection, Aleksandra J Ozga, Melvyn T Chow, Mateus E Lopes, Rachel L Servis, Mauro Di Pilato, Philippe Dehio, Jeffrey Lian, Thorsten R Mempel, Andrew D Luster

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

CD8+ T cells responding to chronic infection adapt an altered differentiation program that provides some restrain on pathogen replication yet limits immunopathology. This adaptation is imprinted in stem-like cells and propagated to their progeny. Understanding the molecular control of CD8+ T cell differentiation in chronic infection has important therapeutic implications. Here, we found that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 was highly expressed on viral-specific stem-like CD8+ T cells and that one of its ligands, CXCL10, regulated the persistence and heterogeneity of responding CD8+ T cells in spleens of mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. CXCL10 was produced by inflammatory monocytes …

Translatina Immigrant Mental Health Wellness: Suggestive Intervention Strategies The City Of San Francisco Should Consider Adopting, Valeria Vera

Master's Theses

Translatina immigrants in the United States often suffer from intersectional traumas due to their race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and immigration status — putting them in a vulnerable position socially, psychologically, economically, and medically. Due to their positionality in the intersections of migration, criminalization, cissexism, and mental health, they are often more marginalized and have greater needs than communities with privileged sociocultural identities. As a particularly vulnerable group, they need guaranteed access to gender-affirming healthcare that is inclusive of mental health services. Despite Translatinas’ need for mental health services, there exist many barriers making services inaccessible and insufficient in San …