Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Guidelines For Medication Education For Occupational Therapists, Jaclyn K. Schwartz

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Taking medications is a vital health management activity for people with chronic health conditions. These individuals must take their medications as prescribed to receive the intended benefits and minimize negative effects. Many people with chronic health conditions do not know essential information about their medications, which limits their ability to take their medications as prescribed. Occupational therapists regularly engage in client education to enhance performance of health management. When addressing medications, however, additional considerations are needed because of the highly regulated, interdisciplinary, and complex nature of this occupation. The purpose of this practice guideline is to describe the integration of …

Caring For The Caregiver: A Feasibility Study Of An Online Program That Addresses Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, And Secondary Trauma, Emily C. Koller, Regina A. Abel, Lauren E. Milton

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Informal caregivers are susceptible to compassion fatigue in vicarious response to another’s suffering. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of an online program that addresses compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress in informal caregivers.

Method: The study used a pre-post repeated measures feasibility design. Eighty-six participants were initially recruited. The intervention consisted of a 70-min online program. The participants completed surveys before and after program completion. The number of participants that completed each study phase was recorded to determine feasibility outcomes of acceptability, implementation, and demand. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to analyze …

Occupational Therapists’ Perspectives On Caregiver Education Of Stroke Survivors, Elinor Pastore, Daniel Ryan, Lisa J. Knecht-Sabres

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Introduction: The objective of this research study was to gather a greater understanding of how occupational therapists provide education to caregivers of stroke survivors and how they address the needs of caregivers throughout the rehabilitation process.

Methods: The researchers used a convergent mixed methods design. RedCap electronic surveys containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions were completed by 90 participants from multiple states. A focus group (n = 8) and a one-on-one interview (n = 1) were conducted to gather qualitative information regarding occupational therapists’ perspectives related to their experiences on educating caregivers in the acute rehabilitation setting. Descriptive …

Ecospirituality In Forensic Mental Health: A Preliminary Outcome Study, Clark Patrick Heard, Jared Scott, Stephen Yeo

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: In this study, the personal experience of spirituality in nature (the concept of ecospirituality) was supported by occupational therapy and spiritual care staff enabling a community-based group for persons affiliated with a forensic mental health system in Ontario, Canada. Spirituality is a key, though debated, tenet in occupational therapy practice. At the same time, immersive participation in nature has been linked to positive health outcomes.

Methods: A qualitative method consistent with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed. Data was collected via the completion of semi-structured interviews (n = 9). Collected data was transcribed verbatim and then coded for …

An Occupation-Based Clinic Makeover: Perceptions And Experiences Of Occupational Therapists, Wendy B. Stav, Alison Herman

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Researchers sought to discover the experiences of occupational therapists transitioning from existing clinical practice to exclusively occupation-based approaches.

Method: This phenomenological study captured the experiences of clinicians as exercise-based equipment was temporarily removed from the rehabilitation gym and replaced with occupation-based kits. The therapists used the new occupation-based materials with all clients for 4 months and participated in interviews and a focus group.

Results: The study yielded a greater understanding therapists’ process and experiences through the themes: (a) challenges to occupation-based practice and (b) occupation-based metamorphosis.

Conclusions: The personal and contextual obstacles associated with implementing …

Empower: An Online Staff Training Focused On Person-Centered Supports For Direct Support Professionals, Amy Castagnino, Meghan Blaskowitz

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Direct support professionals (DSPs) for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is one of the most rapidly growing professions in the United States. However, there is a gap in recruiting, training, and retraining DSPs to provide appropriate and effective person-centered supports.

Method: The aim of this pilot study was to measure the effectiveness of a staff training program conducted by an occupational therapy doctoral candidate, focused on improving DSPs’ confidence and competence when providing services to adults with IDD. A pretest/posttest quantitative design was used to test changes in the DSPs’ confidence from the beginning to …

Exploring The Feasibility Of A Virtual, Home-Based Musicglove® Protocol For Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy, Tiana Nguyen, Lisa Choromanski, Tatiana Kreuzer, Jamie Stroppini

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: The MusicGlove® as an occupational therapy intervention has been shown to improve upper limb function and satisfaction over conventional therapies for adults who have had a stroke, however, its effectiveness with children who have cerebral palsy has not been examined. The purpose of this research was to explore the feasibility of a virtual, home-based MusicGlove® protocol to increase upper extremity function, quality of life, and internal motivation in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.

Method: Three participants, ages 6 to 16, diagnosed with hemiparetic cerebral palsy participated in 23 guided sessions using the home-based MusicGlove protocol over 5 …

Chronic Shoulder Pain In Manual Wheelchair (Mwc) Users With Spinal Cord Injury (Sci): The Lived Experience, Jennifer L. Silvestri, Sonia Lawson, Cristina Sadowsky

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Existing research on the lived experience of those with spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in paraplegia who use a manual wheelchair and experience shoulder pain is extremely limited. This research aimed to begin the process of understanding the lived experience of this population and to describe how chronic shoulder pain impacts occupational engagement and quality of life.

Method: A phenomenological approach using a constant comparative method was used to analyze data and to construct and redefine themes throughout the research process. The qualitative data obtained from two semi-structured interviews with the four study participants is presented below. …

Disability And Health In African Americans: Population Research And Implications For Occupational Therapy Community-Based Practice, Emily Schulz, Debarchana Ghosh, Eddie M. Clark, Beverly R. Williams, Randi Williams, Lijing Ma, Crystal L. Park, Cheryl L. Knott

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Population-based research and community-based interventions are integral to occupational therapy’s scope of practice, yet they are underdeveloped in actual implementation. Therefore, this paper focuses on some health challenges facing the African American population, guided by the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model.

Method: Using data from an observational cross-sectional nationwide telephone survey of African American adults, we examined differences between African Americans who are receiving disability payments (RDP) and those who are employed full time (FTE) on several physical health behaviors and psychosocial health indicators. We further compared the differences between African Americans RDP versus those FTE on those physical health …

State Of The Journal: Another Record Setting Year, Diane Powers Dirette

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

No abstract provided.

Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation In Rb-Deficient Cancer, Amy C. Mandigo, Ayesha A Shafi, Jennifer J Mccann, Wei Yuan, Talya Laufer, Denisa Bogdan, Lewis Gallagher, Emanuela Dylgjeri, Galina Semenova, Irina A Vasilevskaya, M J Schiewer, Chris M Mcnair, Johann S De Bono, Karen E Knudsen

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical regulator of E2F-dependent transcription, controlling a multitude of protumorigenic networks including but not limited to cell-cycle control. Here, genome-wide assessment of E2F1 function after RB loss in isogenic models of prostate cancer revealed unexpected repositioning and cooperation with oncogenic transcription factors, including the major driver of disease progression, the androgen receptor (AR). Further investigation revealed that observed AR/E2F1 cooperation elicited novel transcriptional networks that promote cancer phenotypes, especially as related to evasion of cell death. These observations were reflected in assessment of human disease, indicating the clinical relevance of the AR/E2F1 cooperome …

Urachal Mucinous Cystic Tumor Of Low Malignant Potential In A Polymorbid Female: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature., Benjamin Schmeusser, Joseph Wiedemer, Dana Obery, Kaila Buckley, Michael Yu

Oncology Articles

Neoplasms of the urachus are exceedingly rare, representing 0.17% of all bladder cancers. The mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCTLMP) subtype is particularly rare with just 25 previous cases reported in the literature. Although rare, MCTLMPs are important to identify due to potential devastating complications and good cure rates with surgical removal. We present a 43 year old female with a nuanced constellation of comorbidities and confirmed MCTLMP following a workup for abdominal pain and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms. Notably, this tumor did not change in size over a 3-year course of serial imaging prior to surgical …

Michael Oleksyk Interview For The Boonshoft School Of Medicine 50th Anniversary Oral History Project, Michael Oleksyk, Kristen Dilger

Boonshoft 50th Anniversary Oral History Project

Kristen Dilger interviews Michael Oleksyk, a graduate of the Boonshoft School of Medicine. Retired, he works part-time as a hospitalist at Gulf Coast Medical Center. Part of the class of 1983, Oleksyk discusses his collegiate career, including why he chose Wright State University's new medical college and talks about what it was like attending the college. He talks about the challenges and processes of attending a new medical college, and how attending the Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine assisted him in his early career.

Enhancing Self-Efficacy Through Drama Therapy In A Bullying Prevention Program For Arab-Israeli Teachers: A Phenomenological Study, Iman Kheil

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of teachers in a bullying prevention program using drama therapy to enhance self-efficacy. This qualitative study was approached through a phenomenological lens. Five Arab-Israeli teachers took part in semi-structured interviews and participated in six sessions of drama therapy. Data were collected from interviews, video and audio recordings that documented the details of all the sessions. Data were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and yielded five themes and 10 subthemes. The themes suggested that drama therapy allowed the participants to experience bullying behavior and to express their feelings through …

Embodied Digital Storytelling With Ancestral Legacy, Giselle Ruzany

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

Embodied Digital Storytelling with Ancestral Legacy is a study of one's ancestral legacy with a diverse group of professional dancers who were asked to engage in an embodied inquiry. Research questions were: What is the experience of creating embodied digital storytelling when exploring one’s ancestral legacy? What can be learned from identity, sense of belonging, and resilience through this process? The study included an interview about each dancer's ancestral story, the creation of embodied digital storytelling (EDS), a final interview, and a group member checking meeting for the purpose of confirming the transcripts and findings. This meeting also served as …

Principles Of Hypotensive Shock: A Video Introduction To Pathophysiology And Treatment Strategies, Brittany Macdonald, Nicholas Macdonald, Jacob Garcia, Xiao Chi Zhang, Dimitrios Papanagnou

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Audience: Emergency medicine interns, medical students, and mid-level providers (physician assistants, nurse practitioners).

Introduction: Shock is defined as a state of global tissue hypoxia and is typically the result of hypotension and circulatory system failure. A variety of disease states may ultimately culminate in hypotensive shock through one or more generally recognized mechanisms – hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and/or distributive shock. These mechanisms differ significantly in terms of their pathophysiology and requisite treatment. While the effects of hypotensive shock are initially reversible, untreated hypotensive shock may rapidly progress to multiorgan failure and death. Hence, the ability to promptly recognize a state …

Presence Of Increased Mast Cells In Infants And Children With Volume And Variety Limited Intake., Amy Issa, Jensen Edwards, Meenal Singh, Craig A. Friesen, Sarah T. Edwards

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Reports indicate patients with feeding difficulties demonstrate signs of inflammation on biopsies, notably eosinophilia, but it is unknown whether mast cell density contributes to variety or volume limitation symptoms. The aim of our study was to evaluate eosinophil and mast cell density of EGD biopsies in pediatric patients with symptoms of decreased volume or variety of ingested foods.

METHODS: We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review of EMRs for all new feeding clinic patients between 0 and 17 years of age. Patients were categorized by symptoms at the initial visit as well as eosinophil and mast cell densities in …

Automated Sleep State Classification Of Wide-Field Calcium Imaging Data Via Multiplex Visibility Graphs And Deep Learning, Xiaohui Zhang, Eric C. Landsness, Wei Chen, Hanyang Miao, Michelle Tang, Lindsey M. Brier, Joseph P. Culver, Jin-Moo Lee, Mark A. Anastasio

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Wide-field calcium imaging (WFCI) allows for monitoring of cortex-wide neural dynamics in mice. When applied to the study of sleep, WFCI data are manually scored into the sleep states of wakefulness, non-REM (NREM) and REM by use of adjunct EEG and EMG recordings. However, this process is time-consuming and often suffers from low inter- and intra-rater reliability and invasiveness. Therefore, an automated sleep state classification method that operates on WFCI data alone is needed.

NEW METHOD: A hybrid, two-step method is proposed. In the first step, spatial-temporal WFCI data is mapped to multiplex visibility graphs (MVGs). Subsequently, a two-dimensional …

"It's Good To Feel Like You're Doing Something": A Qualitative Study Examining State Health Department Employees' Views On Why Ineffective Programs Continue To Be Implemented In The Usa, Stephanie Mazzucca, Louise Farah Saliba, Romario Smith, Emily Rodriguez Weno, Peg Allen, Margaret Padek, Ross C Brownson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Mis-implementation, the inappropriate continuation of programs or policies that are not evidence-based or the inappropriate termination of evidence-based programs and policies, can lead to the inefficient use of scarce resources in public health agencies and decrease the ability of these agencies to deliver effective programs and improve population health. Little is known about why mis-implementation occurs, which is needed to understand how to address it. This study sought to understand the state health department practitioners' perspectives about what makes programs ineffective and the reasons why ineffective programs continue.

METHODS: Eight state health departments (SHDs) were selected to participate in …

Identity, Gender, And Tracking: The Reality Of Boundaries For Veterinary Students, Jenny R. Vermilya

New Directions in the Human-Animal Bond

Using in-depth interviews with veterinary students, Identity, Gender, and Tracking: The Reality of Boundaries for Veterinary Students explores the experience of enrollment in an educational program that tracks students based on the species of animals that they wish to treat. The identity of a veterinarian is one characterized by care; thus, students have to construct different definitions of care, creating a system of power and inequality. Tracking produces multiple boundaries for veterinary students, which has consequences not just for the veterinarian, but also for the treatment of animals. Written for administrators and students alike, Identity, Gender, and Tracking sheds light …

Murine Roseolovirus Does Not Accelerate Amyloid-Β Pathology And Human Roseoloviruses Are Not Over-Represented In Alzheimer Disease Brains, Tarin M Bigley, Monica Xiong, Muhammad Ali, Yun Chen, Chao Wang, Javier Remolina Serrano, Abdallah Eteleeb, Oscar Harari, Liping Yang, Swapneel J Patel, Carlos Cruchaga, Wayne M Yokoyama, David M Holtzman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The role of viral infection in Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathogenesis is an area of great interest in recent years. Several studies have suggested an association between the human roseoloviruses, HHV-6 and HHV-7, and AD. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are a hallmark neuropathological finding of AD and were recently proposed to have an antimicrobial function in response to infection. Identifying a causative and mechanistic role of human roseoloviruses in AD has been confounded by limitations in performing in vivo studies. Recent -omics based approaches have demonstrated conflicting associations between human roseoloviruses and AD. Murine roseolovirus (MRV) is a natural murine pathogen …

Gestational Exposure To Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers And Social Skills And Problem Behaviors In Adolescents: The Home Study, Kim Hartley, Melinda C. Macdougall, Brandon Terrizzi, Yingying Xu, Kim M. Cecil, Aimin Chen, Joseph M. Braun, Bruce P. Lanphear, Nicholas C. Newman, Ann M. Vuong, Andreas Sjödin, Kimberly Yolton

Epidemiology & Biostatistics Faculty Research

Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental pollutants used as flame retardants. Gestational PBDE exposure has been associated with a variety of behavior problems in children, but little is known about its impact into adolescence, particularly on social skills, which are important for achieving social competence, establishing identity, and forming lasting relationships. Objective: We investigated associations between gestational exposure to PBDEs and social skills and problem behaviors in early adolescence in a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio (recruited 2003–2006). Methods: We measured maternal serum concentrations of five PBDE congeners during gestation. At age 12, we measured …

Active Living After Cancer: Adaptation And Evaluation Of A Community-Based Physical Activity Program For Minority And Medically Underserved Breast Cancer Survivors, Irene M Tami-Maury, Yue Liao, Maria L Rangel, Leticia A Gatus, Eileen H Shinn, Ashley Alexander, Karen Basen-Engquist

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: An expanding body of research documents the benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors' physical functioning and quality of life, but few successful models provide community-based physical activity programs to cancer survivors. This report presents an evaluation of Active Living After Cancer, an evidence-based physical activity program for breast cancer survivors, adapted for community delivery to minority and medically underserved survivors.

METHODS: Survivors were recruited from health care and community settings. The program consisted of 12 weekly group sessions providing training in cognitive and behavioral skills for behavior change, brief physical activity, and cancer survivorship-related content. At the baseline …

Medical Investigation And Clinical Changes In The Early Phases Of Post Burn Adult Inpatients As Indicators For Prompt Infection Diagnosis, In The Hospital For Burn And Plastic Surgery, Sulaimanyah, Iraq: Medical Investigation And Clinical Changes In The Early Phases Of Post Burn Adult Inpatients, Dana Abdilkarim

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Burn injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn related hospital acquired infections is one of the major problems in the management of these injuries. Aim of the study: To elaborate on the early laboratory and microbial culture changes in adult burn inpatients, and to make use of subtle changes in the laboratory investigations, to predict and detect infections in burn victims, in its early phases. Patients and Methods: A Clinical observational study included a random sample of one hundred adult burn inpatients from Sulaymaniyah Burn Hospital, admitted from April 2019 to January 2021, …

Case Report: Neck Swelling And Hearing Loss In A 12 Year Old Girl In Basrah, Iraq: The Diagnosis Of Pseudo-Pendred Syndrome Is Established: Case Report: Neck Swelling And Hearing Loss In A 12-Year-Old Girl, Haider Saeed, Mohammed Al-Hamadani

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Pseudo-Pendred syndrome (PPS) is a genetic disorder inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. PPS is characterized by the presence of hypothyroid goiter combined with mild to moderate form of SNHL, not presentable at birth, with no obvious inner ear malformation. This is the major difference from Pendred syndrome in which the SNHL is congenital, severe to profound in nature, and associated with inner ear malformation, mostly enlarged vestibular aqueduct. The main etiology of PPS is thought to be formation of autoantibodies against the thyroid tissue and the cochlea._x000D_ Case report: Our reported case is a 12-year-old girl who presented …

A Higher Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus Among Patient With Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Higher Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus Among Patient With Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Ahmed Almaliky, Hani Mansoor, Majid Alabbood

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: The association of diabetes mellitus, nighttime blood pressure dipping and nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is inconclusive. There has been no study to test this association among Arab Patients._x000D_ Objectives: This study aims to test the association between diabetes mellitus, nighttime blood pressure dipping and nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy among cohort of patients from Basrah, Southern Iraq._x000D_ Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy conducted at the ophthalmology clinic at Faiha Teaching Hospital in 2018. Patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy were screened for diabetes mellitus. Ambulatory blood pressure monitor was attached to some …

Adherence To Pharmacological Treatment Among Patients With Schizophrenia: Adherence To Pharmacological Treatment Among Patients With Schizophrenia, Makwan Abdul Kareem, Hezha Mahmood

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

ABSTRACT_x000D_  _x000D_ Adherence to medication is the range to which an individual corresponds with the prescribed medication dosing regimen. Medication non-adherence among patients with schizophrenia is extremely common issue, broadly ranging from 4% to 72%. Medication non-adherence among schizophrenic patients has serious consequences for individuals as well as the health system such as relapse of symptoms, re-hospitalization, aggression, suicide, cognitive deterioration, loss of job and arrest, victimization, and overall unfavorable outcome. Factors determining adherence are divided into medication-related as side effects, patient-related as lack of insight, illness-related as persecutory delusions, sociocultural-related such as stigma, and clinician-related factors like poor therapeutic …

Prevalence Of Hyponatremia In Patients Admitted To The Oncology Teaching Hospital: Prevalence Of Hyponatremia In Patients Admitted To The Oncology Teaching Hospital, Saba Jasim, Zaineb Faisal, Huda Rasheed

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Hyponatremia is a commonly occurring electrolyte disturbance among hospitalized patients, and many studies suggest that individual serum sodium levels may have a prognostic role in assessing probability of mortality. Aim of the study: Determination of hyponatremia prevalence in patients admitted to the Oncology Teaching Hospital. Method: A six-month cross-sectional study of hyponatremia prevalence was conducted in the Oncology ward in Medical City. The patients (105) who were admitted for more than three days with different types of malignancies and causes of admission were investigated for serum sodium, blood urea, random blood sugar, and urinary sodium (single measurement). These results …

Perioperative Risk Factors & Outcome After Pancreatico-Duodenectomy (Whipple Procedure): Perioperative Risk Factors & Outcome After Pancreatico-Duodenectomy (Whipple Procedure), Mustafa Fakhir, Issam Mardan, Ali Dawood

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Periampullary cancers have poor prognosis, mainly due to late diagnosis. Although pancreaticoduodenectomy is considered the only possible curative option for these cancers, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aim: To identify the risk factors associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: Data were prospectively collected from the 44 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancers in Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq, from June 2017 to June 2020. These variables were reviewed according to developing postoperative morbidity and mortality. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23 and the chi-squared or Fisher’s exact (FE) test. …

Complications Of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Case Series Study From Mosul City: Complications Of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Case Series Study From Mosul City, Sahira Ahmed, Ali Mohammed

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery may develop complications because of the sinuses’ proximity to the orbit and skull base. Endoscopic sinus surgery is done for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP), chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP) not responding to the medical treatment, and antrochoanal polyps. Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in Mosul city. Methods: A case series study of 70 patients of different age groups who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP), chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP), and antrochoanal polyps at Al-Jamhoory …