Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Covid-19 Pandemic: The New Way Of Living, Anonymous

Community Reflections

The coronavirus came to America in the beginning of the year, 2021. My contribution is based on the virus's peak and how it affected my family. My essay ranges from what life was like as a high school student in New York witnessing the pandemic to my family being exposed. It touches on the important features of being in lockdown and the adjustment society had to make that still exists today. A common theme throughout my assessment is the development of fear from the coronavirus. It discusses how fear has driven many of the restrictions that my community has had …

Evaluating Driver Fatigue Measures, Mia Belovsky, Stanton B. Miller, Md

Physician Executive Leadership-Plus (PEL-Plus)

No abstract provided.

3d Printed Liver In Surgery Education, Sara Belko, David Gordon, Yash Shah

Physician Executive Leadership-Plus (PEL-Plus)

No abstract provided.

Medication Reconciliation: Defining The Standard Of Care, Jenna Mandel, Matthew Matthew Piechnik, Rahul Muchintala

Physician Executive Leadership-Plus (PEL-Plus)

No abstract provided.

What Does “Good” Community And Public Engagement Look Like? Developing Relationships With Community Members In Global Health Research, Gary Hickey, Katie Porter, Doreen Tembo, Una Rennard, Martha Tholanah, Peter Beresford, David Chandler, Moses Chimbari, Tina Coldham, Lisa Dikomitis, Biggy Dziro, Peter O. Ekiikina, Maria I. Khattak, Cristian R. Montenegro, Noni Mumba, Rosemary Musesengwa, Erica Nelson, Clement Nhunzvi, Caroline Mae Ramirez, Sophie Staniszewska

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Community and public engagement (CPE) is increasingly becoming a key component in global health research. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) is one of the leading funders in the UK of global health research and requires a robust CPE element in the research it funds, along with CPE monitoring and evaluation. But what does “good” CPE look like? And what factors facilitate or inhibit good CPE? Addressing these questions would help ensure clarity of expectations of award holders, and inform effective monitoring frameworks and the development of guidance. The work reported upon here builds on existing guidance and is …

Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Is Elevated In Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis And Contributes To Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury In Mice, Robert N. Helsley, Tatsunori Miyata, Anagha Kadam, Venkateshwari Varadharajan, Naseer Sangwan, Emily C. Huang, Rakhee Banerjee, Amanda L. Brown, Kevin K. Fung, William J. Massey, Chase Neumann, Danny Orabi, Lucas J. Osborn, Rebecca C. Schugar, Megan R. Mcmullen, Annette Bellar, Kyle L. Poulsen, Adam Kim, Vai Pathak, Marko Mrdjen

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

There is mounting evidence that microbes residing in the human intestine contribute to diverse alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALD) including the most deadly form known as alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). However, mechanisms by which gut microbes synergize with excessive alcohol intake to promote liver injury are poorly understood. Furthermore, whether drugs that selectively target gut microbial metabolism can improve ALD has never been tested. We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the levels of microbe and host choline co-metabolites in healthy controls and AH patients, finding elevated levels of the microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) in AH. In subsequent studies, we …

Human Microrna (Mir-20b-5p) Modulates Alzheimer’S Disease Pathways And Neuronal Function, And A Specific Polymorphism Close To The Mir20b Gene Influences Alzheimer’S Biomarkers, Ruizhi Wang, Nipun Chopra, Kwangsik Nho, Bryan Maloney, Alexander G. Obukhov, Peter T. Nelson, Scott E. Counts, Debomoy K. Lahiri

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with loss of cognitive, executive, and other mental functions, and is the most common form of age-related dementia. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) contributes to the etiology and progression of the disease. Aβ is derived from the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). Multiple microRNA (miRNA) species are also implicated in AD. We report that human hsa-miR20b-5p (miR-20b), produced from the MIR20B gene on Chromosome X, may play complex roles in AD pathogenesis, including Aβ regulation. Specifically, miR-20b-5p miRNA levels were altered in association with disease progression in three regions of the human brain: temporal neocortex, …

Corrigendum To: Impact Of Lymphopenia On Survival For Elderly Patients With Glioblastoma: A Secondary Analysis Of The Cctg Ce.6 (Eortc 26062-22061, Trog 08.02) Randomized Clinical Trial., Andrew J Song, Keyue Ding, Iyad Alnahhas, Normand J Laperriere, James Perry, Warren P Mason, Chad Winch, Chris J O'Callaghan, Johan J Menten, Alba A Brandes, Claire Phillips, Michael F Fay, Ryo Nishikawa, David Osoba, J Gregory Cairncross, Wilson Roa, Wolfgang Wick, Wenyin Shi

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab153.].

Comprehensive Evaluation Of Left Ventricular Deformation Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography In Normal Children: Comparison Of Three-Dimensional And Two-Dimensional Approaches., Doaa Aly, Nitin Madan, Laura Kuzava, Alison Samrany, Anitha Parthiban

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) can overcome some of the inherent limitations of two-dimensional (2D) STE; however, clinical experience is lacking. We aimed to assess and compare the feasibility, agreement, and reproducibility of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal (GLS), and regional strain by 3D vs 2D STE in normal children.

METHODS: Healthy pediatric subjects (n = 105, age mean = 11.2 ± 5.5 years) were prospectively enrolled. Three-dimensional and 2D LV GLS, as well as regional strain in 16 myocardial segments were quantified. Bland Altman analysis, intra- class correlation coefficients (ICC), percent error and linear regression were used …

Clinical Influenza Testing Practices In Hospitalized Children At United States Medical Centers, 2015-2018., Mark W. Tenforde, Angela P. Campbell, Marian G. Michaels, Christopher J. Harrison, Eileen J. Klein, Janet A. Englund, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Natasha B. Halasa, Laura S. Stewart, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, John V. Williams, Peter G. Szilagyi, Mary A. Staat, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Monica N. Singer, Parvin H. Azimi, Richard K. Zimmerman, Monica M. Mcneal, H Keipp Talbot, Arnold S. Monto, Emily T. Martin, Manjusha Gaglani, Fernanda P. Silveira, Donald B. Middleton, Jill M. Ferdinands, Melissa A. Rolfes

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

At nine US hospitals that enrolled children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) during 2015-2016 through 2017-2018 influenza seasons, 50% of children with ARI received clinician-initiated testing for influenza and 35% of cases went undiagnosed due to lack of clinician-initiated testing. Marked heterogeneity in testing practice was observed across sites.

Reactive Oxygen Species Reprogram Macrophages To Suppress Antitumor Immune Response Through The Exosomal Mir-155-5p/Pd-L1 Pathway, Xiang Li, Shaomin Wang, Wei Mu, Jennifer Barry, Anna Han, Richard L Carpenter, Bing-Hua Jiang, Stephen C Peiper, M G Mahoney, A E Aplin, Hong Ren, Jun He

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Background: Cancer cells have an imbalance in oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis. Understanding the precise mechanisms and the impact of the altered redox microenvironment on the immunologic reaction to tumors is limited.

Methods: We isolated exosomes from ovarian cancer cells through ultracentrifuge and characterized by Western-blots and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. 2D, 3D-coculture tumor model, and 3D live cell imaging were used to study the interactions between tumor cells, macrophages and CD3 T cells in vitro. The role of exosomal miR-155-5p in tumor growth was evaluated in xenograft nude mice models and immune-competent mice models. Flow cytometry and flow sorting were used to …

An Interventional Pilot Of Customized Adherence Enhancement Combined With Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medication (Cae-L) For Poorly Adherent Patients With Chronic Psychotic Disorder In Tanzania, Christopher J. Burant, Carol E. Blixen, Kristin A. Cassidy, Jennifer B. Levin, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Chronic psychotic disorders (CPD) impose a particularly significant burden in resource-limited settings. Combining long-acting antipsychotic medication (LAI) with a customized adherence enhancement intervention (CAE-L) has potential to advance care. Methods: Nineteen adults ≥ age 18 with CPD who self-reported missing ≥20% of antipsychotic medication within the last month were stabilized on oral haloperidol prior to transitioning to monthly haloperidol decanote for 25 weeks. Outcome evaluations were conducted at baseline and Week 25. Primary outcomes were oral medication adherence assessed via the Tablet Routines Questionnaire (TRQ) and LAI injection frequency. Secondary outcomes included CPD symptoms measured by the Brief Psychiatric …

Clinical Outcomes Of Immunomodulatory Therapies In The Management Of Covid-19: A Tertiary-Care Experience From Pakistan, Noreen Nasir, Salma Tajuddin, Sarah Khaskheli, Naveera Khan, Hammad Niamatullah, Nosheen Nasir

Section of Internal Medicine

The pharmacological management of COVID-19 has evolved significantly and various immunomodulatory agents have been repurposed. However, the clinical efficacy has been variable and a search for cure for COVID-19 continues. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 916 patients hospitalized with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 between February 2020 and October 2020 at a tertiary care academic medical center in Karachi, Pakistan. The median age was 57 years (interquartile range (IQR) 46–66 years). The most common medications administered were Methylprednisolone (65.83%), Azithromycin (50.66%), and Dexamethasone (46.6%). Majority of the patients (70%) had at least two or more medications used in …

Crossroads Of Drug Abuse And Hiv Infection: Neurotoxicity And Cns Reservoir, Shilpa Sonti, Kratika Tyagi, Amit Pande, René Daniel, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar Sharma, Mudit Tyagi

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Drug abuse is a common comorbidity in people infected with HIV. HIV-infected individuals who abuse drugs are a key population who frequently experience suboptimal outcomes along the HIV continuum of care. A modest proportion of HIV-infected individuals develop HIV-associated neurocognitive issues, the severity of which further increases with drug abuse. Moreover, the tendency of the virus to go into latency in certain cellular reservoirs again complicates the elimination of HIV and HIV-associated illnesses. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) successfully decreased the overall viral load in infected people, yet it does not effectively eliminate the virus from all latent reservoirs. Although ART increased …

Indiana Community Health Workers: Challenges And Opportunities For Workforce Development, Natalia M. Rodriguez, Yumary Ruiz, Ashley H. Meredith, Carlyn Kimiecik, Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde, Lynnet Francesca Kimera, Jasmine D. Gonzalvo

Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty Publications

Background
/="/">An interest in, and the need for, Community Health Workers (CHWs) in the United States is growing exponentially. CHWs possess a unique ability to relate to and build trust with communities in order to improve clinical outcomes, while building individual and community capacity. Given their critical role in addressing social determinants of health, expanding the CHW workforce is crucial. However, creating CHW jobs, facilitating training and certification, and establishing sustainable financing models to support this workforce has been challenging.

Methods
/="/">A mixed-methods study consisting of an online survey and focus group discussions assessed the strengths, practices, and …

Enteroviruses And Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms And Factors?, Richard E Lloyd, Manasi Tamhankar, Åke Lernmark

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both …

Know Thyself: A Cultural Humility Framework For Diabetes Education For Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, And Queer (Lgtbq) Individuals, Katie Savin, Theresa Garnero

All Faculty Scholarship

The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community is a diverse and vulnerable population that, aware or not, diabetes care and education specialists encounter on a regular basis. According to Smith and Gates’s analysis of the 2000 United States Census Data, gay and lesbian families live in 99.3 percent of all counties in the United States, which is likely an undercount. In Northern California, where LGBTQ visibility is better than in many places in our nation, it’s astounding to hear some colleagues comment that they only have heterosexual patients. You can’t “tell” who belongs to this group just by …

Applications Of Unsupervised Machine Learning In Autism Spectrum Disorder Research: A Review, Chelsea Parlett-Pelleriti, Elizabeth Stevens, Dennis R. Dixon, Erik J. Linstead

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Large amounts of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) data is created through hospitals, therapy centers, and mobile applications; however, much of this rich data does not have pre-existing classes or labels. Large amounts of data—both genetic and behavioral—that are collected as part of scientific studies or a part of treatment can provide a deeper, more nuanced insight into both diagnosis and treatment of ASD. This paper reviews 43 papers using unsupervised machine learning in ASD, including k-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, model-based clustering, and self-organizing maps. The aim of this review is to provide a survey of the current uses of …

Progressive, Long-Term Hearing Loss In Congenital Cmv Disease After Ganciclovir Therapy, Tatiana M Lanzieri, Alison Chantal Caviness, Peggy Blum, Gail Demmler-Harrison

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Long-term hearing outcomes among children with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease who received 6-week ganciclovir therapy early in life are unknown.

METHODS: Longitudinal study of 76 children with symptomatic congenital CMV disease, born 1983-2005, who were categorized into three groups: group A treated with ganciclovir; group B untreated who had microcephaly, chorioretinitis, or sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL; ≥25 dB) diagnosed in the first month of life (congenital); and group C untreated who did not meet criteria for group B.

RESULTS: Patients in groups A (n = 17), B (n = 27), and C (n = 32) were followed to …

Organoid Models For Infectious Disease, Sarah E Blutt, Mary K Estes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Infectious diseases affect individual health and have widespread societal impacts. New ex vivo models are critical to understand pathogenesis, host response, and features necessary to develop preventive and therapeutic treatments. Pluripotent and tissue stem cell-derived organoids provide new tools for the study of human infections. Organoid models recapitulate many characteristics of in vivo disease and are providing new insights into human respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neuronal host-microbe interactions. Increasing culture complexity by adding the stroma, interorgan communication, and the microbiome will improve the use of organoids as models for infection. Organoid cultures provide a platform with the capability to improve human …

Comprehensive Evaluation Of Left Ventricular Deformation Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography In Normal Children: Comparison Of Three-Dimensional And Two-Dimensional Approaches, Doaa Aly, Nitin Madan, Laura Kuzava, Alison Samrany, Anitha Parthiban

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) can overcome some of the inherent limitations of two-dimensional (2D) STE; however, clinical experience is lacking. We aimed to assess and compare the feasibility, agreement, and reproducibility of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal (GLS), and regional strain by 3D vs 2D STE in normal children.

METHODS: Healthy pediatric subjects (n = 105, age mean = 11.2 ± 5.5 years) were prospectively enrolled. Three-dimensional and 2D LV GLS, as well as regional strain in 16 myocardial segments were quantified. Bland Altman analysis, intra- class correlation coefficients (ICC), percent error and linear regression were used …

Forward Together Update [Free Covid Test Kits & N95 Masks], January 26, 2022, University Of Northern Iowa

UNI Response to COVID-19

Provides information on the availability of free COVID test kits and free N95 masks, as well as updates on campus vaccination clinics. Also a reminder that if someone is ill, they should stay home.

Hyperparameter Optimization For Covid-19 Chest X-Ray Classification, Ibraheem Hamdi, Muhammad Ridzuan, Mohammad Yaqub

Computer Vision Faculty Publications

Despite the introduction of vaccines, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains a worldwide dilemma, continuously developing new variants such as Delta and the recent Omicron. The current standard for testing is through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, PCRs can be expensive, slow, and/or inaccessible to many people. X-rays on the other hand have been readily used since the early 20th century and are relatively cheaper, quicker to obtain, and typically covered by health insurance. With a careful selection of model, hyperparameters, and augmentations, we show that it is possible to develop models with 83% accuracy in binary classification and 64% in multi-class …

2022-01-26 Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

Rural Pregnant Women’S Experiences With Substance Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study, Cami Weber

Dissertations

Rural pregnant women with substance use disorder (SUD) are an understudied vulnerable population that often experiences poor pregnancy outcomes (Higgins et al., 2019; Jumah, 2016; Kramlich et al., 2018; Shaw et al., 2015). Despite the high prevalence and high burden associated with SUD, rural women are less likely than non-pregnant women to seek addiction treatment and complete an outpatient treatment program during pregnancy (Shaw et al., 2015). This study aimed to give voice to rural Missouri women with SUD. The research questions explored the life experiences and motivations for seeking treatment using a qualitative, descriptive research design with grounded theory …

2022-01-26_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

School-Level Perspectives Of The Ontario Student Nutrition Program, Mariam R. Ismail, Jason A. Gilliland, June I. Matthews, Danielle S. Battram

Geography & Environment Publications

The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of a school snack program for children in elementary schools. School-level program volunteers’ experiences were explored using semi-structured interviews. Fieldnotes were taken during on-site school visits. Quantitative data were collected through a General Information Form and Weekly Logbooks. Seven elementary schools in Southwestern Ontario were invited and agreed to participate. Interviews (n = 27) revealed that volunteers valued the program for its universality, the excitement it created, the opportunity for students to try new foods, and the social interactions that it generated. Challenges included the burden on snack volunteers to …

Therapeutic Treatment With The Anti-Inflammatory Drug Candidate Mw151 May Partially Reduce Memory Impairment And Normalizes Hippocampal Metabolic Markers In A Mouse Model Of Comorbid Amyloid And Vascular Pathology, David J. Braun, David K. Powell, Christopher J. Mclouth, Saktimayee M. Roy, D. Martin Watterson, Linda J. Van Eldik

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, but therapeutic options are lacking. Despite long being able to effectively treat the ill-effects of pathology present in various rodent models of AD, translation of these strategies to the clinic has so far been disappointing. One potential contributor to this situation is the fact that the vast majority of AD patients have other dementia-contributing comorbid pathologies, the most common of which are vascular in nature. This situation is modeled relatively infrequently in basic AD research, and almost never in preclinical studies. As part of our efforts to develop …

2022-01-26_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https:/www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163-520743--,00.html.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled. COVID case and testing data will be posted three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

This report is provisional and subject to change. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately. MDHHS began tracking probable cases April 5, 2020. FCI indicates federal correctional institute. MDOC indicates Michigan Department of Corrections. Diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification/real-time …

Epidemiology Of Ncaa Track And Field Injuries From 2010 To 2014, Chris Hopkins, Joel Williams, Mitchell J. Rauh, Lu Zhang

Open Access Fund Publications

Background:

Track and field (T&F) athletes compete in a variety of events that require different skills and training characteristics. Descriptive epidemiology studies often fail to describe event-specific injury patterns.

Purpose:

To describe the epidemiology of injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) T&F by sex, setting (practice vs competition), and time of season (indoor vs outdoor) and to compare injury patterns by events within the sport.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for all indoor and outdoor T&F injuries during the academic years 2009-2010 to 2013-2014. Injury rates, injury rate ratios, …