Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Clinical And Angiographic Success And Safety Comparison Of Coronary Intravascular Lithotripsy: An Updated Meta-Analysis, Yasar Sattar, Talal Almas, Junaid Arshad, Mohamed Zghouzi, Waqas Ullah, Tanveer Mir, Mohamed O Mohamed, Islam Y Elgendy, Wael Aljaroudi, Anand Prasad, Richard Shlofmitz, Mamas A Mamas, Dean J Kereiakes, M Chadi Alraies

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) can be used to assist stent deployment in severe coronary artery calcifications (CAC).

Methods: Studies employing IVL for CAC lesions were included. The primary outcomes included clinical and angiographic success. The secondary outcomes, including lumen gain, maximum calcium thickness, and calcium angle at the final angiography site, minimal lumen area site, and minimal stent area site, were analyzed by the random-effects model to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference. Tertiary outcomes included safety event ratios.

Results: Seven studies (760 patients) were included. The primary outcomes: pooled clinical and angiographic success event ratio parentage of IVL was …

Integration Of Liquid Biopsy And Pharmacogenomics For Precision Therapy Of Egfr Mutant And Resistant Lung Cancers, Jill M. Kolesar, Spencer Peh, Levin Thomas, Gayathri Baburaj, Nayonika Mukherjee, Raveena Kantamneni, Shirley Lewis, Ananth Pai, Karthik S. Udupa, Naveena Kumar An, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Mahadev Rao

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

The advent of molecular profiling has revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer by comprehensively delineating the genomic landscape of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Drug resistance caused by EGFR mutations and genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters impedes effective treatment of EGFR mutant and resistant lung cancer. This review appraises current literature, opportunities, and challenges associated with liquid biopsy and pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing as precision therapy tools in the management of EGFR mutant and resistant lung cancers. Liquid biopsy could play a potential role in selection of precise tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies during different phases …

Editorial: Anticancer Potential Of Artemisia Annua, Jill M. Kolesar, Peter H. Seeberger

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Management Of Infective Endocarditis In Pregnancy By A Multidisciplinary Team: A Case Series, Kayle S. Shapero, Varidhi Nauriyal, Christina Megli, Kathryn Berlacher, Sami El-Dalati

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in pregnancy is rare and has been increasing during the opioid epidemic. IE in pregnancy is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Multidisciplinary endocarditis teams for management of IE have been shown to reduce in-hospital and 1-year mortality. We present a single-center experience managing IE in pregnancy utilizing a multidisciplinary endocarditis team.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with IE while pregnant or within 30 days post-partum were identified. All patients discussed at the institution's weekly multidisciplinary endocarditis meeting were included. Demographic and clinical data and outcome-related variables were retrospectively reviewed …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Invitation To Participate In Clinical Trials Among Us Adults, Aurora Occa, Allison Leip, Allison S. Merritt, Jerod L. Stapleton

Communication Faculty Publications

Clinical trials are essential to modern medicine, but several barriers, including poor communication, hamper their successful completion. We examined the prevalence and correlates of invitation to participate in clinical trials among a nationally-representative sample of US adults using survey responses from the 2020 HINTS (Cycle 5). Analyses were conducted in 2021.

Overall, 9% of respondents reported being invited to a clinical trial, a prevalence that is nearly half of previously reported rates in convenience samples recruited from health care settings. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Black respondents reported the higher prevalence of invitation (16.0%) whereas Asian respondents reported the lowest (2%). …

Standardizing The Pelvic Floor Exam: Is It Reproducible And Durable?, Ly Hoang Roberts, Bernadette Zwaans, Daniel T. Fortney, Steven A. Kessler, Hailey Eisner, Lauren Tennyson, Kenneth M. Peters

Posters

No abstract provided.

Recommendations For Infection Control In Congregate Shelters Following A Natural Disaster, Megan Schultz, Blaine Winters

Student Works

Infection control is at the forefront of nurses’ minds, particularly following a natural disaster. Natural disasters often displace people from their homes, requiring them to stay in congregate shelters for a short period of time. The risk of infection is significantly increased in shelters environments. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the appropriate strategies to mitigate the spread of infection in congregate shelters following a natural disaster. Implications for practice are identified.

Curriculum Development By Design Thinking: Analyzing A Program For Social Determinants Of Health Screening By Pre-Clerkship Medical Students., Ari M Fish, J Matthew Fields, Deborah Ziring, Gina Mccoy, Paula Ostroff, Geoffrey Hayden

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

Problem: Health systems science (HSS) curricula in medical schools facilitate an understanding of social determinants of health (SDOH) and their impact on health outcomes. After implementation of an experiential, patient-centered program based around SDOH screening, however, our medical college noted poor student receptivity and engagement. In order to improve the program, we chose a design thinking approach based on the perceived value of actively engaging learners in the design of education. The role of design thinking in curricular quality improvement, however, remains unclear.

Intervention: We sought to determine if a current educational model for SDOH screening could be improved by …

Neighborhood Deprivation And Risk Of Mortality Among Men With Prostate Cancer: Findings From A Long-Term Follow-Up Study, Madhav Kc, Evrim Oral, Ariane L. Rung, Edward J. Trapido, Laura S. Rozek, Elizabeth T.H. Fontham, Jeannette T. Bensen, Laura Farnan, Susan E. Steck, Lixin Song, James L. Mohler, Edward S. Peters

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: The overall survival rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has improved over the past decades. However, huge socioeconomic and racial disparities in overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality exist. The neighborhood-level factors including socioeconomic disadvantage and lack of access to care may contribute to disparities in cancer mortality. This study examines the impact of neighborhood deprivation on mortality among PCa survivors. Methods: North Carolina–Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) data were used. A total of 2113 men, 1046 AA and 1067 EA, with PCa were included in the analysis. Neighborhood deprivation was measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) at the census …

Dbgc: Dimension-Based Generic Convolution Block For Object Recognition, Chirag Patel, Dulari Bhatt, Urvashi Sharma, Radhika Patel, Sharnil Pandya, Kirit Modi, Nagaraj Cholli, Akash Patel, Urvi Bhatt, Muhammad Ahmed Khan, Shubhankar Majumdar, Mohd Zuhair, Khushi Patel, Syed Aziz Shah, Hemant Ghayvat

Publications

The object recognition concept is being widely used a result of increasing CCTV surveillance and the need for automatic object or activity detection from images or video. Increases in the use of various sensor networks have also raised the need of lightweight process frameworks. Much research has been carried out in this area, but the research scope is colossal as it deals with open-ended problems such as being able to achieve high accuracy in little time using lightweight process frameworks. Convolution Neural Networks and their variants are widely used in various computer vision activities, but most of the architectures of …

Risk Of Opioid Overdose Associated With Concomitant Use Of Oxycodone And Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Ismaeel Yunusa, Joshua J. Gagne, Kazuki Yoshida, Katsiaryna Bykov

Faculty Publications

Importance Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of oxycodone, a potent prescription opioid. The clinical consequences of this interaction on the risk of opioid overdose have not been elucidated.

Objective To compare opioid overdose rates in patients initiating oxycodone while taking SSRIs that are potent inhibitors of the cytochrome-P450 2D6 enzyme (CYP2D6) vs SSRIs that are not.

Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included adults who initiated oxycodone while receiving SSRI therapy between 2000 and 2020 whose data were included in 3 US health insurance databases.

Exposures Use of SSRIs that strongly …

Neighborhood Deprivation And Risk Of Mortality Among Men With Prostate Cancer: Findings From A Long-Term Follow-Up Study, Madhav K.C., Ariane L. Rung, Edward J. Trapido, Laura S. Rozek, Elizabeth T.H. Fontham, Jeannette T. Bensen, Laura Farnan, Susan E. Steck Phd, Mph, Rd, Lixin Song, James L. Mohler, Edward S. Peters

Faculty Publications

Background The overall survival rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has improved over the past decades. However, huge socioeconomic and racial disparities in overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality exist. The neighborhood-level factors including socioeconomic disadvantage and lack of access to care may contribute to disparities in cancer mortality. This study examines the impact of neighborhood deprivation on mortality among PCa survivors. Methods North Carolina–Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) data were used. A total of 2113 men, 1046 AA and 1067 EA, with PCa were included in the analysis. Neighborhood deprivation was measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) at the census …

Increased Drp1 Promotes Autophagy And Escc Progression By Mtdna Stress Mediated Cgas-Sting Pathway., Yujia Li, Hui Chen, Qi Yang, Lixin Wan, Jing Zhao, Yuanyuan Wu, Jiaxin Wang, Yating Yang, Menglan Niu, Hongliang Liu, Junqi Liu, Hushan Yang, Shaogui Wan, Yanming Wang, Dengke Bao

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Background: Mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis is important for cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and immune responses. The critical GTPase for mitochondrial fission, Drp1 is frequently upregulated in many cancers and is closely implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism underling Drp1 to influence tumor progression is largely unknown, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to examine Drp1 and LC3B expression in tissues of ESCC patients. Autophagic vesicles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescent LC3B puncta and mitochondrial nucleoid were observed by fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and ATP levels. …

Understanding The Needs Of A Mobile Phone-Based Telemonitoring Program For Pregnant Women At High Risk For Pre-Eclampsia: Interpretive Qualitative Description Study, Anam Shahil Feroz, Kristina De Vera, Nadia D. Bragagnolo, Sarah Saleem, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Emily Seto

Community Health Sciences

Background: Lack of early risk detection, diagnosis, and treatment of pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia can result in high maternal mortality and morbidity not only in Pakistan but also in other low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). A potential tool for supporting pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia for early detection is telemonitoring (TM). However, there is a limited body of evidence on end-user needs and preferences to inform the design of the TM programs for pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia, specifically in LMICs such as Pakistan.
Objective: This study aims to explore the needs of …

Viral Ejection Proteins: Mosaically Conserved, Conformational Gymnasts, Nicholas A. Swanson, Chun-Feng Hou, Gino Cingolani

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Bacterial viruses (or bacteriophages) have developed formidable ways to deliver their genetic information inside bacteria, overcoming the complexity of the bacterial-cell envelope. In short-tailed phages of the Podoviridae superfamily, genome ejection is mediated by a set of mysterious internal virion proteins, also called ejection or pilot proteins, which are required for infectivity. The ejection proteins are challenging to study due to their plastic structures and transient assembly and have remained less characterized than classical components such as the phage coat protein or terminase subunit. However, a spate of recent cryo-EM structures has elucidated key features underscoring these proteins’ assembly and …

Implantable Neuromodulation In The Setting Of Neurgenic Bladder: Single-Institution Experience, Annah Vollstedt, Brett Friedman, Ly Hoang Roberts, Hailey Eisner, Jason P. Gilleran, Kenneth M Peters, Priya Padmanabhan

Website/Multimedia Contributions

No abstract provided.

Standardizing The Pelvic Floor Exam: Is It Reproducible And Durable?, Ly Hoang Roberts, Bernadette Zwaans, Daniel T. Fortney, Steven A. Kessler, Hailey Eisner, Lauren E. Tennyson, Kenneth M. Peters, Larry T. Sirls

Website/Multimedia Contributions

No abstract provided.

The Bidirectional Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms And Social Support In A 9/11-Exposed Cohort: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis, Sze Yan Liu, Jiehui Li, Lydia F. Leon, Ralf Schwarzer, James E. Cone

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Research on the longitudinal relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support among survivors of large-scale trauma is limited. This study assessed bidirectional relationships between PTSD and perceived social support in a large sample of the 9/11-exposed cohort over a 14-year follow-up. We used data from 23,165 World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) enrollees who were exposed to the 9/11 attacks and participated in the first four WTCHR surveys (Wave 1 (2003–2004) to Wave 4 (2015–2016)). PTSD symptoms were measured using the 17-item PTSD Checklist. Perceived social support was measured using the five-item version of the Modified Social Support …

Addressing The Disparities In Dementia Risk, Early Detection And Care In Latino Populations: Highlights From The Second Latinos & Alzheimer's Symposium, Yakeel T. Quiroz, Michele Solis, María P. Aranda, Alicia I. Arbaje, Mirna Arroyo-Miranda, Laura Y. Cabrera, Minerva Maria Carrasquillo, Maria M. Corrada, Gladys E. Maestre, Rosa V. Pirela

School of Medicine Publications

The Alzheimer's Association hosted the second Latinos & Alzheimer's Symposium in May 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting was held online over 2 days, with virtual presentations, discussions, mentoring sessions, and posters. The Latino population in the United States is projected to have the steepest increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the next 40 years, compared to other ethnic groups. Latinos have increased risk for AD and other dementias, limited access to quality care, and are severely underrepresented in AD and dementia research and clinical trials. The symposium highlighted developments in AD research with Latino populations, including advances …

Editorial: The Use Of Post-Exercise Cooling As A Recovery Strategy: Unraveling The Controversies, Mohammed Ihsan, Chris R. Abbiss, Robert Allan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Post-exercise cooling is a popular recovery strategy utilized by athletes, and of interest to many research groups. Significant body of research have examined the effects of post-exercise cooling on outcomes such as physical performance, regulation of inflammatory biomarkers, and psychophysical indices related to perceived fatigue, recovery and wellbeing. ...

A Mild Causal Relationship Between Tea Consumption And Obesity In General Population: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study, Cancan Li, Mingyun Niu, Zheng Guo, Pengcheng Liu, Yulu Zheng, Di Liu, Song Yang, Wei Wang, Yuanmin Li, Haifeng Hou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Evidence from observational studies for the effect of tea consumption on obesity is inconclusive. This study aimed to verify the causal association between tea consumption and obesity through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in general population-based datasets. The genetic instruments, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with tea consumption habits, were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS): UK Biobank, Nurses’ Health Study, Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and Women’s Genome Health Study. The effect of the genetic instruments on obesity was analyzed using the UK Biobank dataset (among ∼500,000 participants). The causal relationship between tea consumption and obesity was analyzed by …

Improving Prediction Of Amyloid Deposition In Mild Cognitive Impairment With A Timed Motor Task, Sydney Y. Schaefer, Kevin Duff, Andrew Hooyman, John M. Hoffman

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Cortical amyloid deposition is one of the hallmark biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, given how cost- and time-intensive amyloid imaging can be, there is a continued need for a low-cost, non-invasive, and accessible enrichment strategy to pre-screen individuals for their likelihood of amyloid prior to imaging. Previous work supports the use of coordinated limb movement as a potential screening tool, even after controlling for cognitive and daily function. Thirty-six patients diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment over the age of 65 underwent 18F-Flutemetamol amyloid-positron emission tomography Cortical amyloid deposition is one of the hallmark biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). …

Misinterpreted Orthodontic Procedure Leading On To Depression, Dr.Anusha Pogula, Dr.Kishor M Associate Professor, Psychiatry, Dr.Ashwini T.S

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

BACKGROUND: Oral health is an important issue that affects not only the teeth and mouth but also general health, appearance, and self-esteem. Risk of having infections including poor oral health and periodontal infections are the most proposed mechanisms of action of depression and anxiety on the human body by modification of the immune system function and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and induction of vascular inflammation. It is proposed that these two conditions can cause oral and dental problems since emotional changes can influence oral mucosa. Several researches have also shown a relationship between anxiety or depression and periodontal health.

CASE …

Determining Vitamin D Status: A Comparison Between Diabetic And Non-Diabetic Women With Breast Cancer By Rp-Hplc, Santosh Gunasekaran, Suma M. Natraj, Prashanth Kumar M V

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background:

Suboptimal levels of Vitamin D, remains a common problem worldwide and its prevalence is high in India, ranging from 70-100%. Several molecular mechanisms have been found about the effects of Vitamin D in modulating glycemic levels and its protective nature in the development of breast cancer. Breast cancer in India is a common problem and studies regarding its association with Vitamin D levels among diabetics remain inconclusive. This study aims to find the association between Vitamin D status and breast cancer in diabetic and non-diabetic women.

Materials and methods:

25 hydroxy vitamin D levels were estimated by RP-HPLC. A …

A Case Of Cryptomenorrhea Presenting As - Acute Abdominal Pain, Udisha Arya Ms., Ritu Mittal Arya Dr.

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

BACKGROUND:

The transverse vaginal septum is a congenital Mullerian abnormality caused due to improper fusion of the Müllerian ducts with urogenital sinus. It is classified as complete or incomplete and obstructive or non-obstructive and occurs at various levels such as superior vaginal (46%), mid-vaginal(40%) and inferior vaginal(14%). Transverse vaginal septum is a rare condition with incidence varying from 1:2100 to 1:72,000. The condition is difficult to manage often due to delayed diagnosis and is usually diagnosed when hematocolpos lead to symptoms due to an expanding pelvic mass

CASE DESCRIPTION:

A 14-year-old female adolescent presented with a history of acute pain …

A Case Of Trichotillomania With Comorbid Depression And Anxiety, Rini Roy, Sudeep Pradeep Kumar, Kishor M

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

BACKGROUND:

Trichotillomania also called hair-pulling or compulsive hair-pulling disorder is a psychiatric condition that involves recurrent, irresistible urges to pull out hair from their scalps, eyebrows, or other areas of the body.[1] It is an uncontrollable urge that is present after an anxiety-provoking situation and which causes severe distress it can interfere with one’s social, occupational functioning.[6] The term trichotillomania was coined by the French dermatologist Francois Henri Hallopeou in the year 1889.[2] The lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population with a 1% prevalence in gender-wise.[5] The mean age at …

Comparative Analysis Of The Nutritional, Biochemical And Hematological Parameters Of Pregnant Women Attending The University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, Anthony Uchenna Emeribe, Amos Dangana, Hezekiah Alkali Isa, Solomon Elochi Onoja, Theresa Ohunene Otu, Yakubu Ibrahim, Amilia Afzan Mohammad Jamil, Moses D. Lugos, Dorcas Aliyu, Shamsudeen Haruna, Mala Alhaji Baba Mallam, Hadiza Yahaya, Maijidda Aminu Saidu, Silifat Oyewusi, Mustapha Bakare, Idris Nasir Abdullahi, Justin Onyebuchi Nwofe

BioMedicine

Background: Despite the efforts to encourage the intake of nutritional supplements during antenatal periods, there are still many cases of anemia and protein-energy malnutrition during pregnancy. Hence, this study determined the incidence of anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, case-control study involved randomly selected 176 pregnant and non-pregnant women attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements were used to determine anemia incidence, while plasma protein, zinc levels and body mass index (BMI) were used to determine energy index status. …

Effect Of Rehmannia Glutinosa Libosch Extract On Proliferation And Cardiogenic Pre-Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Huu Dat Nguyen, Len Ho Thi, Xuan Bach Ho, Van Anh Cao, Duy Minh Le Hoang

BioMedicine

Background: Vietnamese medicine tried and tested certain bioactive compounds from plants to increase the rate of tissue immunomodulation, regeneration, and differentiation. Although there are many research papers discovered about phytochemicals of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and differentiation induction potential of some substances purified from this herbal, it finds difficult to seek research that investigated the effect of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch extract on proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, even though it has commonly been used for a long time because of its function as a restorative and as a critical role in cardiovascular treatment in traditional.

Results: Our …

A Study Of Apolipoprotein A1(Apoa1) And Interleukin-10(Il-10) In Diabetes With Foot Ulcers, Rachita Nanda, Suprava Patel, Amritava Ghosh, Asha Ks, Eli Mohapatra

BioMedicine

Background

The high morbidity, mortality and associated economic burden have entailed to identifying early biomarker of diabetic foot ulcers(DFU). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules play a role in the chronic inflammation associated with diabetic foot ulcers(DFU).

Aim

This study aims to find the association between ApoA1, IL-10, TNF-α and diabetic foot ulcers, and whether their levels can assess the severity of the disease.

Method

Two groups, diabetic mellitus without foot ulcers and diabetes with foot ulcers were recruited for the study. Detailed clinical history was obtained and blood was collected to measure TNF-α, IL-10 and Apo A1. The association between variables …

Anti-Herpes Virus Activity Of Lactobacillus’ Postbiotics, Neli Vilhelmova_Ilieva, Georgi Atanasov, Lora Simeonova, Lili Dobreva, Kapka Mancheva, Madlen Trepechova, Svetla Danova

BioMedicine

Background: Recently, various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their post-metabolites, have shown many positive effects on human and animal welfare. They appear to be beneficial in different disorders and pathological conditions, including in a broad-spectrum of infectious diseases.

Aim: To estimate in vitro the anti-herpes simplex activity of 11 postbiotic samples (lysates or cell-free supernatants - CFS), produced during the fermentation of six candidate-probiotic Lactobacillus strains, isolated from Bulgarian fermented milk products.

Materials and methods: In vitro protocols for assessment of different LAB samples on the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication, adsorption and virucidal effects were applied using …