Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Interventions For Prevention Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among Adolescents Living With Hiv: A Systematic Review, Eunice Ndirangu, Constance Shumba, Peter Gatiti, Bernard Mutwiri, Amina Abubakar

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

While the uptake of antiretroviral drugs has rapidly expanded among adolescents and adults living with HIV, research evidence suggests that people living with HIV have a higher risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With more than 35% of the global burden of NCDs stemming from adolescence, there is a need to comprehend the existing evidence on early prevention, detection, and disease management, especially among the at-risk population. In line with the WHO Global Action Plan, 2013–2020 and “Best Buys”, recommendations on practical interventions for NCDs prevention, this systematic review seeks to synthesise evidence on the current interventions for preventing NCDs among …

Amino Acid Profile Of Rabbit Meat: Dietary Intake And The Effect Of Freezing On The Amino Acid Composition, Alaa Eldin M.A. Morshdy, Wageh Sobhy Darwish, El Sayed S. El Sebay, El-Shaimaa Mesallam Ali

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Rabbit meat is considered as a healthy meat due to its high protein and low fat content. This study aimed at demonstrating the amino acids profile in three rabbit breeds, namely New Zealand White, California and Balady rabbits marketed in Egypt. In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of amino acids due to the consumption of the rabbit meat were calculated. Furthermore, the effect of long frozen storage for different periods on the amino acid content of the New Zealand White rabbit meat was investigated as an experimental trial. The obtained results indicate a slight variation in the amino acid …

Recombinant Scfv Inhibit Newcastle Disease Virus In Vitro Infection, Sanfeng Peng, Lintian Yu, Ying He, Dongyang Chen, Li Wang, Xueliang Zhou, Long Xie, Yangqing Lu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Newcastle disease (ND) is an avian respiratory disease caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and is prevalent worldwide but lacks a reliable treatment to surmount it. The single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody is the smallest functional unit in an immunoglobulin retaining antigen-binding activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that by acting against the NDV phosphoprotein, scFv is capable of neutralizing the virus in infected cells. In this study, two anti-NDV scFv expressing cassettes driven by CAG promoter and EF1α promoter, respectively, were constructed using the piggyBac transposon plasmid backbone. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into DF-1 and 293T cells and …

Inconsistent And Multiple Bacterial Species From Different Sample Types Of Dogs With Urolithiasis And Bacterial Cystitis, Nantapatt Pridsadangbud, Chantamanee Chantarasiri, Nattanit Visitkitjakarn, Phitsinee Tantivimonkajor, Jitrapa Yindee, Nicole Sirisopit Mehl

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Urinary tract infection is the most common complication found in dogs with urolithiasis. Bacterial cystitis can play an important role in dogs with urolithiasis; it can either be the cause of cystic formation or be a complication following urolithiasis. Moreover, urolithiasis cases that come with bacterial cystitis can lead to a condition of complicated cystitis which will require more complicated treatment and management. Proper bacterial identification should be performed in order to follow an appropriate treatment. Specific treatments require bacterial identification in order to select the most appropriate antibiotics. There are three main possible sites for bacterial sample collection in …

Optimal Infusion Rate Of Hypertonic Saline To Encephalic Vessel Vasodilatation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Normovolemic Dogs, Yoshiki Murakami, Kenji Tsukano, Haruyuki Hirata, Hiroshi Koie, Kazuyuki Suzuki

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to investigate, using magnetic resonance imaging, whether continuous hypertonic saline (HSS) infusion induces a superior vasodilating effect on the encephalic vessels compared to bolus infusion in dogs. The relative cross-sectional area of superior sagittal sinus increased to 1.96±0.09 and 1.69±0.31 times of the pre-value in the continuous and bolus groups, respectively, at t=30 min (p<0.001). However, the relative cross-sectional area of superior sagittal sinus was larger in the continuous group than that in the bolus group (p<0.001). The results suggest that continuous infusion of HSS might be superior to bolus infusion in inducing vasodilatation of the encephalic circulation.

Oxygenated Dressing Quickens Skin Wound Healing Of Bama Miniature Pigs, Yingqiu Wang, Limin Qiao, Hong An, Zhenhao Zhang, Yan Zheng, Chang Chen, Jingrui Zhang, Xiangguo Wang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Oxygen is a vital factor in the process of wound healing and is involved in collagen synthesis, synthesis and the release of growth factors, angiogenesis and epidermal cell contraction. Hence, local oxygen control of wounds plays an important role in skin wound healing. Herein, we developed a novel oxygenated dressing for the treatment of skin wound healing in Bama miniature pigs. The oxygenated dressing was mainly composed of potassium iodide, glucose, glucose oxidase, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone and water. The oxygenated dressing significantly quickens the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in Bama miniature pigs and promotes the proliferation of epidermal …

Supplementation Of Extracellular Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Improves Sperm Post-Thawed Quality In Thai Native Chickens, Phakjira Sanguansook, Junpen Suwimonteerabutr, Kaywalee Chatdarong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Thai native chicken meat is a high-quality protein source of unique flavor. Genetic preservation and breeding programs are beneficial to maintain purebred populations. Aiming at improving post-thawed sperm quality, this study is the first to apply extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATPe) in freezing extender to preserve Thai native chicken sperm. Eight semen samples from eight Thai native chickens (n = 8) were included. Initial semen evaluation and sperm size measurement were performed. Beltsville poultry semen extender supplemented with 0 and 30 mM ATPe was served as a control and treatment group, respectively. After thawing, motility and motion characteristics were evaluated by …

Development Of Optical Nanomaterial For Enhanced Cerenkov Imaging, Qize Zhang

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide and is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Imaging has increasingly been used over the last two decades to improve the diagnosis and guidance of tumor tissue removal surgery. Among the most widely used techniques for in vivo imaging are planar and tomographic fluorescence imaging and bioluminescence imaging. Despite their utility, these techniques are primarily restricted to preclinical use. Factors that have prevented translation from the bench to the bedside include depth-penetration considerations, regulatory issues, and toxicity. A recent development in nuclear imaging has been the ability to …

Creating An Interactive Virtual-Reality Game As A Method For Vestibular Rehabilitation, Jessica Kaganskiy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Virtual reality is an innovative form of technology that has been used more and more in vestibular rehabilitation therapy programs for individuals with chronic balance problems. Blender and Unity game engines were used to create a 3D interactive virtual reality video game intended for Oculus devices in order for individuals to utilize the game to perform vestibular rehabilitation exercises. The activities in the video game are based on the Cawthorne-Cooksey exercises commonly used in vestibular rehabilitation. The exercises target eye movement, head movement, stretch movement, and bilateral coordination; repetitive motion is used to help train and treat the individual’s vestibular …

Monolingual Versus Bilingual Use Of Context To Facilitate Speech Recognition In Background Noise: A Systematic Review, Rachel Abucasis

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Introduction: Previous literature has shown that bilingual listeners face more challenges than monolinguals during speech recognition in adverse listening conditions. As noisy environments degrade the acoustic stimuli and leave the listener with a partial or ambiguous signal to pair to a lexical representation, it is not possible to do so with the acoustic and phonological features alone. Bilinguals consistently use a significant amount of their cognitive resources during the early stages of speech processing, partially due to their need to navigate between the two languages. With exhaustion of most of their cognitive resources, there is limited capacity available to use …

The Arv Treatment Adherence Model: A Qualitative Study On Antiretroviral (Arv) Treatment Adherence For People Living With Hiv, Danielle Strauss

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment improves life expectancy and other health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH). It also minimizes their risk of transmitting HIV through sexual contact and is therefore a form of HIV prevention. However, many PLWH, specifically low-income PLWH of color who have been disproportionately impacted by the virus, face a multitude of barriers to ARV treatment adherence, making it much harder for them to take their medication as prescribed and remain engaged in care. This qualitative study based on Constructivist Grounded Theory explored the process by which 14 virally suppressed, low-income PLWH of color overcame …

A Guide For Managing Patients With Stage I Nsclc: Deciding Between Lobectomy, Segmentectomy, Wedge, Sbrt And Ablation-Part 2: Systematic Review Of Evidence Regarding Resection Extent In Generally Healthy Patients, Frank C. Detterbeck, Vincent J. Mase, Andrew X. Li, Ulas Kumbasar, Brett C. Bade, Henry S. Park, Roy H. Decker, David C. Madoff, Gavitt A. Woodard, Whitney S Brandt, Justin D. Blasberg

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Clinical decision-making for patients with stage I lung cancer is complex. It involves multiple options (lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge, stereotactic body radiotherapy, thermal ablation), weighing multiple outcomes (e.g., short-, intermediate-, long-term) and multiple aspects of each (e.g., magnitude of a difference, the degree of confidence in the evidence, and the applicability to the patient and setting at hand). A structure is needed to summarize the relevant evidence for an individual patient and to identify which outcomes have the greatest impact on the decision-making.

Methods: A PubMed systematic review from 2000-2021 of outcomes after lobectomy, segmentectomy and wedge resection in generally …

Rhythmedge: Enabling Contactless Heart Rate Estimation On The Edge, Zahid Hasan, Emon Dey, Sreenivasan Ramasamy Ramamurthy, Nirmalya Roy, Archan Misra

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The primary contribution of this paper is designing and prototyping a real-time edge computing system, RhythmEdge, that is capable of detecting changes in blood volume from facial videos (Remote Photoplethysmography; rPPG), enabling cardio-vascular health assessment instantly. The benefits of RhythmEdge include non-invasive measurement of cardiovascular activity, real-time system operation, inexpensive sensing components, and computing. RhythmEdge captures a short video of the skin using a camera and extracts rPPG features to estimate the Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal using a multi-task learning framework while offloading the edge computation. In addition, we intelligently apply a transfer learning approach to the multi-task learning framework to …

Covid-19 Infection And Treatment-Resistant Cocaine-Induced Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Case Report, Jennifer Adams, Daniel Habenicht, Yaman Gibran

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis of non-infectious etiology. Cocaine-induced PG (CIPG) is a documented clinical variant.

Case presentation

We report an exceptional case of cocaine-induced PG flare unresponsive to conventional treatment in the context of positive COVID status. A 41year-old male with past medical history of recent COVID infection, pyoderma gangrenosum and chronic cocaine abuse presented with acutely worsening multifocal ulcerations covering multiple limbs approximately 30% body surface area (BSA) one day after cocaine use. After hospitalization for ten days with no improvement in cutaneous symptoms, he was transferred to a burn center for disease control …

Effect Of Educational Program On Parents' Caring For Their Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Sara Sayed Abdalla

Nursing

No abstract provided.

Oral Health Status And Related Risk Factors Among Adolescents Attending High Schools In Khartoum, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study, Hajir Omara, Amal Elamin

All Works

Objectives Effective dental services must be based on reliable evidence of oral diseases status and treatment needs. The aim of this study was to assess oral health status and associated risk factors among adolescents attending high school in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods A school-based survey was conducted among 420 adolescents (13–18 years old). Participants completed a questionnaire about their socio-demographics and oral habits. They received clinical examination, assessing their oral health status using the World Health Organization (WHO) oral health survey for dentition and periodontal status; mean Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT), and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Results High dental …

Dean's Update, June 2022, Jerry L. Nadler

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Variations In Surgeon-Applied Loads During Passive Range Of Motion Following Total Knee Replacement With Relevance To Computational Modeling, Cj Bakle Ii

All Theses

Total knee replacement (TKR) is generally considered a successful treatment for musculoskeletal disorders of the knee. However, as many as 20% of patients report some dissatisfaction in their physical function after TKR. And approximately 50% of early revisions needed to address conditions related to component alignment and soft tissue tension to stabilize the knee. During TKR, surgeons manually perform passive range of motion (ROM) assessments to gain feedback perceived as tension in ligaments and other soft tissues. Such assessments are highly subjective and rely on the surgeon's perception of soft tissue tension rather than quantitative objective means. The variability in …

Non-Compartmental Toxicokinetic Studies Of The Nigerian Naja Nigricollis Venom, Auwal A. Bala, Sani Malami, Yusuf Abubakar Muhammad, Binta Kurfi, Ismaila Raji, Sanusi Muhammad Salisu, Mustapha Mohammed, George Oche Ambrose, Murtala Jibril, Jacob Galan

School of Medicine Publications

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a neglected public health problem, especially in Asia, Latin America and Africa. There is inadequate knowledge of venom toxicokinetics especially from African snakes. To mimic a likely scenario of a snakebite envenoming, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach to study the toxicokinetic parameters in rabbits, following a single intramuscular (IM) administration of Northern Nigeria Naja nigricollis venom. We used a developed and validated non-compartmental approach in the R package PK to determine the toxicokinetic parameters of the venom and subsequently used pharmacometrics modelling to predict the movement of the toxin within biological systems. We …

Validation Of A Whole Genome Methylation Profiling Classifier For Central Nervous System Tumors, Lucas Santana-Santos, Kwok Ling Kam, David Dittman, Stephanie De Vito, Matthew Mccord, Pouya Jamshidi, Hailie Fowler, Xinkun Wang, Alan Aalsburg, Daniel Brat, Craig Horbinski, Lawrence Jennings

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Whole genome methylation profiling is proving to be an incredibly powerful tool to diagnose tumors that are otherwise difficult to classify by histopathology and sequencing. The reference library of tumor DNA methylation data, using a machine learning-based tumor classifier, was developed by the German Cancer Research Network (DKFZ), and is available publicly on a research basis. However, medical institutions desiring to implement that classifier for routine clinical care need to import, adapt, and validate the classifier internally. We did this for our own DNA methylation-based classifier of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, using the same training and validation datasets as …

Information Is Power: The Experiences, Attitudes And Needs Of Individuals Who Chose To Have Prenatal Genomic Sequencing For Fetal Anomalies, Catherine G Kernie, Julia Wynn, Allison Rosenbaum, Jessica De Voest, Stephanie Galloway, Jessica Giordano, Samantha Stover, Lauren Westerfield, Kelly Gilmore, Ronald J Wapner, Ignatia B Van Den Veyver, Neeta L Vora, Rebecca G Clifton, Aaron B Caughey, Wendy K Chung

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to evaluate the experiences of individuals who chose to participate in a study and receive prenatal genomic sequencing (pGS) for fetuses with congenital structural anomalies.

METHOD: Individuals who received research results of prenatal sequencing were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews about their experiences. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to code and analyze interviews.

RESULTS: Thirty-three participants from 27 pregnancies were interviewed. Participants were motivated to enroll in the study to find out more about their fetus' condition and prepare for the future. The waiting period was a time of significant anxiety for participants. …

Co-Transmitting Neurons In The Lateral Septal Nucleus Exhibit Features Of Neurotransmitter Switching, Patrick J Hunt, Mikhail Kochukov, Brandon T Pekarek, Benjamin D W Belfort, Juan M Romero, Jessica L Swanson, Benjamin R Arenkiel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The lateral septal nucleus (LSN) is a highly interconnected region of the central brain whose activity regulates widespread circuitry. As such, the mechanisms that govern neuronal activity within the LSN have far-reaching implications on numerous brain-wide nuclei, circuits, and behaviors. We found that GABAergic neurons within the LSN express markers that mediate the release of acetylcholine (ACh). Moreover, we show that these vGATLSN neurons release both GABA and ACh onto local glutamatergic LSN neurons. Using both short-term and long-term neuronal labeling techniques we observed expression of the cholinergic neuron marker Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) in vGATLSN neurons. These findings provide evidence …

Genomic And Transcriptomic Somatic Alterations Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Non-Cirrhotic Livers, Zachary L Skidmore, Jason Kunisaki, Yiing Lin, Kelsy C Cotto, Erica K Barnell, Jasreet Hundal, Kilannin Krysiak, Vincent Magrini, Lee Trani, Jason R Walker, Robert Fulton, Elizabeth M Brunt, Christopher A Miller, Richard K Wilson, Elaine R Mardis, Malachi Griffith, William Chapman, Obi L Griffith

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Damaging Gene Variants Associated With Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, Weilai Dong, Sheng Chih Jin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Low levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with an elevated risk of arteriosclerotic coronary heart disease. Heritability of HDL-C levels is high. In this research discovery study, we used whole-exome sequencing to identify damaging gene variants that may play significant roles in determining HDL-C levels. We studied 204 individuals with a mean HDL-C level of 27.8 ± 6.4 mg/dl (range: 4-36 mg/dl). Data were analyzed by statistical gene burden testing and by filtering against candidate gene lists. We found 120 occurrences of probably damaging variants (116 heterozygous; four homozygous) among 45 of 104 recognized HDL candidate genes. Those …

Synthesizing Pseudo-T2w Images To Recapture Missing Data In Neonatal Neuroimaging With Applications In Rs-Fmri, Sydney Kaplan, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Jeanette K Kenley, Deanna M Barch, Jeffrey J Neil, Cynthia E Rogers, Aristeidis Sotiras, Christopher D Smyser, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

T1- and T2-weighted (T1w and T2w) images are essential for tissue classification and anatomical localization in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analyses. However, these anatomical data can be challenging to acquire in non-sedated neonatal cohorts, which are prone to high amplitude movement and display lower tissue contrast than adults. As a result, one of these modalities may be missing or of such poor quality that they cannot be used for accurate image processing, resulting in subject loss. While recent literature attempts to overcome these issues in adult populations using synthetic imaging approaches, evaluation of the efficacy of these methods in pediatric …

Joint Eanm, Snmmi And Iaea Enabling Guide: How To Set Up A Theranostics Centre, Ken Herrmann, Richard L Wahl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The theranostics concept using the same target for both imaging and therapy dates back to the middle of the last century, when radioactive iodine was first used to treat thyroid diseases. Since then, radioiodine has become broadly established clinically for diagnostic imaging and therapy of benign and malignant thyroid disease, worldwide. However, only since the approval of SSTR2-targeting theranostics following the NETTER-1 trial in neuroendocrine tumours and the positive outcome of the VISION trial has theranostics gained substantial attention beyond nuclear medicine. The roll-out of radioligand therapy for treating a high-incidence tumour such as prostate cancer requires the expansion of …

Joint Eanm/Snmmi/Anzsnm Practice Guidelines/Procedure Standards On Recommended Use Of [18f]Fdg Pet/Ct Imaging During Immunomodulatory Treatments In Patients With Solid Tumors Version 1.0, E Lopci, R J Hicks, A Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, L Dercle, A Iravani, R D Seban, C Sachpekidis, O Humbert, O Gheysens, A W J M Glaudemans, W Weber, R L Wahl, A M Scott, N Pandit-Taskar, N Aide

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The goal of this guideline/procedure standard is to assist nuclear medicine physicians, other nuclear medicine professionals, oncologists or other medical specialists for recommended use of [

METHODS: In a cooperative effort between the EANM, the SNMMI and the ANZSNM, clinical indications, recommended imaging procedures and reporting standards have been agreed upon and summarized in this joint guideline/procedure standard.

CONCLUSIONS: The field of immuno-oncology is rapidly evolving, and this guideline/procedure standard should not be seen as definitive, but rather as a guidance document standardizing the use and interpretation of [

PREAMBLE: The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a …

Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms Establish Reservoirs In New Hospital Built Environments And Are Related To Patient Blood Infection Isolates, Kimberley V Sukhum, Erin P Newcomer, Candice Cass, Meghan A Wallace, Caitlin Johnson, Jeremy Fine, Steven Sax, Margaret H Barlet, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Gautam Dantas, Jennie H Kwon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Healthcare-associated infections due to antibiotic-resistant organisms pose an acute and rising threat to critically ill and immunocompromised patients. To evaluate reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant organisms as a source of transmission to patients, we interrogated isolates from environmental surfaces, patient feces, and patient blood infections from an established and a newly built intensive care unit.

Methods: We used selective culture to recover 829 antibiotic-resistant organisms from 1594 environmental and 72 patient fecal samples, in addition to 81 isolates from blood cultures. We conducted antibiotic susceptibility testing and short- and long-read whole genome sequencing on recovered isolates.

Results: Antibiotic-resistant organism burden is …

A Guide For Managing Patients With Stage I Nsclc: Deciding Between Lobectomy, Segmentectomy, Wedge, Sbrt And Ablation-Part 4: Systematic Review Of Evidence Involving Sbrt And Ablation, Henry S. Park, Frank C. Detterbeck, David C. Madoff, Brett C. Bade, Ulas Kumbasar, Vincent J. Mase, Andrew X. Li, Justin D. Blasberg, Gavitt A. Woodard, Whitney S. Brandt, Roy H. Decker

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Clinical decision-making for patients with stage I lung cancer is complex. It involves multiple options [lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), thermal ablation], weighing multiple outcomes (e.g., short-, intermediate-, long-term) and multiple aspects of each (e.g., magnitude of a difference, the degree of confidence in the evidence, and the applicability to the patient and setting at hand). A structure is needed to summarize the relevant evidence for an individual patient and to identify which outcomes have the greatest impact on the decision-making.

Methods: A PubMed systematic review from 2000-2021 of outcomes after SBRT or thermal ablation

Results: Short-term …

A Guide For Managing Patients With Stage I Nsclc: Deciding Between Lobectomy, Segmentectomy, Wedge, Sbrt And Ablation-Part 3: Systematic Review Of Evidence Regarding Surgery In Compromised Patients Or Specific Tumors, Brett C. Bade, Justin D. Blasberg, Vincent J. Mase, Ulas Kumbasar, Andrew X. Li, Henry S. Park, Roy H. Decker, David C. Madoff, Whitney S. Brandt, Gavitt A. Woodard, Frank C. Detterbeck

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Clinical decision-making for patients with stage I lung cancer is complex. It involves multiple options [lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), thermal ablation], weighing multiple outcomes (e.g., short-, intermediate-, long-term) and multiple aspects of each (e.g., magnitude of a difference, the degree of confidence in the evidence, and the applicability to the patient and setting at hand). A structure is needed to summarize the relevant evidence for an individual patient and to identify which outcomes have the greatest impact on the decision-making.

Methods: A PubMed systematic review from 2000-2021 of outcomes after lobectomy, segmentectomy and wedge resection in …