Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Polygenic Scores For Metabolic Traits And Related Drug Prescriptions In The Michigan Genomics Initiative, Samuel K. Handelman, Xiaomeng Du, Yanhua H. Chen, Elizabeth K. Speliotes

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Transport Phenomena In Field Effect Transistors, Ryan M. Evans, Arvind Balijepalli, Anthony Kearsley

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Electroencephalography For Detecting Concussions, Sara Krehbiel, Kathy Hoke, Joanna Wares

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

The Instabilities Of Spiral Waves Due To Their Chirality In Anisotropic Cardiac Tissue Using Cuda, Hector Augusto Velasco-Perez

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Geometry Of The Sample Frequency Spectrum And The Perils Of Demographic Inference, Zvi H. Rosen

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Mechanism Of Low Energy Defibrillation Using Parallel Gpu Computing, Yanyan Claire Ji, Abouzar Kaboudian, Flavio H. Fenton

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Volume Vii (2018), Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Lipoid Proteinosis: Unfamiliar Skin Findings Delay Diagnosis, S Larkin, Elizabeth K. Blixit

Articles

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare, inherited condition that progresses gradually with multisystemic manifestations. Histopathologic characteristics can be understated, delaying the diagnosis if a high degree of suspicion is not present.

Guide Lines Vol. I, Issue 16 - June 2018, College Of Health And Human Services

GUIDE Lines

Periodic Newsletter of the Governors State University - University of Illinois, Chicago - Disparities Education Cancer research training and education project (The GUIDE Project).

Casting A Shadow: Harm From Known Drinkers, Ann Hope, Joe Barry, Sean Byrne, Oliver Stanesby

Articles

Abstract

Introduction: This paper examines the negative consequences of having a known drinker in one’s life. Method: The first dedicated national survey on alcohol’s harm to others (AH20) in Ireland was undertaken in 2015. Data was gathered by a cross sectional probability sample of 2,005 adults (18+yrs). Using a 12 month time-frame, respondents were asked about adverse effects they experienced due to known drinkers. Results: Overall, two in five people experiencing harm from known drinkers. Intangible harm was more common (38%) than tangible harm (24%). Stress/anxiety was the most common harm. The youngest age group was most at risk …

Legalization Of Medical Cannabis And Potential Implications For Healthcare Delivery In The United States, Lauren N. Cornett

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Cannabis legalization is currently a topic of significant interest within the American healthcare system. Existing research has demonstrated the effects of medical cannabis in alleviating manifestations of several common health conditions which affect many Americans, including cancer and chronic pain. Additionally, research has demonstrated that medical cannabis programs have positive implications for the objectives of government health initiatives such as the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Triple Aim. Economic benefits from cannabis taxation have also been documented in states with active medical cannabis programs. While federal restrictions inhibit extensive cannabis research, the legalization of medical cannabis has significant implications for …

Understanding Regenerative Medicine And Its Position In Healthcare, Tyler F. Ward

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Abstract: Regenerative medicine is an emerging field of the healthcare industry that has the potential to treat a myriad of health conditions. Induced pluripotent stem cells, human embryonic stem cells, and tissue engineering are a few of the treatment methods that may be delivered by healthcare professionals in personalized medicine. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval is necessary within the United States before any of these treatment options are available. Specific cellular therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials and it may be years before approval is acquired. The National Institute of Health is proactively working to ensure that healthcare policies, …

A Blind Spot In Health Care Services: The Intellectual/ Developmental Disabled Population And Training Of Primary Care Providers, Shaina Goode

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

The intellectual and developmental disabled (I/DD) population is exposed to barriers that prevent access to quality healthcare. One of the main barriers is lack of training among primary care providers to treat the I/DD population. Because this population requires further devotion when addressing personal health needs, it is necessary to understand how lack of training and experience for primary care providers hinders the I/DD population’s health. Primary healthcare providers need further training to obtain skills to provide adequate access for this population to reduce health disparities. Further training such as professionally facilitated courses on disability through lectures or seminars, discipline-specific …

Human Papillomavirus: The Influence Of Prevention And Vaccination, Lacey N. Russell

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Human Papillomavirus infections (HPV) are the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Of cancers in parts of the body where HPV is often discovered about 80% originated from an HPV infection. Despite this knowledge and the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine, vaccination by both genders in Kentucky and on a national scale remains highly underutilized. As a result, preventable incidence and mortality rates from HPV-related illness are elevated. Health care delivery factors such as increased vaccination and preventative care, insurance coverage, and accessible rural health care are necessary for HPV prevention and promotion of holistic health. The …

Indications For Use Of Combination Acetaminophen/Opioid Drugs In Infants <6 Months Old, William T. Basco Jr, James R. Roberts, Myla Ebeling, Sandra S. Garner, Thomas C. Hulsey, Kit Simpson

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Opioid analgesics are potentially hazardous medications in young children. During the past 5 years, much attention has been drawn to the safety concerns of these medications.1–6 Data evaluating pain control after injury among older children suggest that opioid drugs are not more effective than nonopioids in treating pain secondary to acute traumatic injury.7,8 Postsurgical data evaluating children who underwent palatoplasty demonstrated that children treated with nonopioid pain regimens did as well as subjects treated with morphine.9 More concerning, opioid analgesics have been consistently demonstrated to be among the most common drugs involved in accidental ingestions prompting emergency department visits and …

Needlestick Injuries Among Emergency Medical Services Providers In Urban And Rural Areas, Riyadh A. Alhazmi, R. David Parker, Sijin Wen

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Through this study, we assessed the knowledge of EMS providers regarding needle stick injuries (NSIs) and examined differences by demographics. This cross-sectional study used a random sample of certified EMS providers in West Virginia. The survey consists of three sections: sociodemographic characteristics, whether or not got NSIs in the past 12 months, whether or not received needle stick training before. A total of 248 out of 522 (47.31%) EMS providers completed the survey. The majority of EMS providers (81.99%, n = 202) reported no NSI ever and 18.21% (n = 45) had at least one NSI within past 12 months. …

Effects Of The Weight Configuration Of Hand Load On Trunk Musculature During Static Weight Holding, Saman Madinei, Xiaopeng Ning

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

The performance of manual material handling tasks is one major cause of lower back injuries. In the current study, we investigated the influence of the weight configuration of hand loads on trunk muscle activities and the associated spinal stability. Thirteen volunteers each performed static weight-holding tasks using two different 9 kg weight bars (with medial and lateral weight configurations) at two levels of height (low and high) and one fixed horizontal distance (which resulted in constant spinal joint moment across conditions). Results of the current study demonstrated that holding the laterally distributed load significantly reduced activation levels of lumbar and …

Conservative Management Of Extradural Hematoma: A Report Of Sixty-Two Cases, A. Rahim H. Zwayed, Brandon Lucke-Wold

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background—Extradural hematomas (EDH) are considered life threatening in that the risk for brain herniation is significant. The current accepted understanding within the literature is to treat EDH via surgical evacuation of the hematoma. Cases—In this case-series we report 62 cases of EDH managed conservatively without surgical intervention. Inclusion criteria were: Glasgow comma scale score 13–15, extradural hematoma confirmed by CT being less than 40 mm, less than 6 mm of midline shift, and no other surgical lesions present. Patients were initially observed in a surgical intensive care unit prior to discharge and had closely scheduled follow-up. Results—Of the 62 cases …

Video Intervention To Increase Perceived Self-Efficacy For Condom Use In A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Female Adolescents, Julie S. Downs, Amie M. Ashcraft, Pamela J. Murray, Elise D. Berlan, Wändi Bruine De Bruin, Joan Eichner, Baruch Fischhoff, Janie M. Leary, Robert B. Mccall, Elizabeth Miller, Jennifer Salaway, Janell Smith-Jones, Gina S. Sucato

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Study Objective—To assess the effects of the Seventeen Days interactive video on young women’s perceived self-efficacy for using condoms 6 months after being offered the intervention, relative to a control. Design—Multisite randomized controlled trial. Setting—Twenty participating health clinics and county health departments in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Participants—Sexually active female adolescents ages 14 to 19 years. Interventions—Seventeen Days (treatment intervention; sex education) vs Driving Skills for Life (control intervention; driving education). Main Outcome Measures—Perceived self-efficacy for condom use. Results—Participants in the Seventeen Days group reported higher perceived condom acquisition self-efficacy after 6 months than those in the driving group. …

Late Adulthood Mortality Among African-American And White American People With Type 1 Diabetes According To Age At Diabetes Diagnosis, B. N. Conway, M. F. Lopes-Virella, W. J. Blot

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Aims—To estimate the overall and cause-specific mortality in a population of African-Americans and white Americans with a low socio-economic status who had young-onset insulin-treated diabetes and had survived beyond the age of 40 years, and to examine whether any excess risk varied according to age at diabetes onset. Methods—Using the Southern Community Cohort Study, we conducted a mortality follow-up of a cohort of mostly low-income participants aged 40–79 years (mean 50 years) at cohort entry with insulin-treated diabetes diagnosed before age 30 years (n=475) and without diabetes (n=62 266). Childhood onset was defined as diabetes diagnosed before age 20 years …

Assessing The Feasibility Of Implementing Low-Cost Virtual Reality Therapy During Routine Burn Care, Cameron G. Ford, Ellen M. Manegold, Cameron L. Randall, Ariel M. Aballay, Christina L. Duncan

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Burn care often involves procedures that result in significant pain experiences for patients which, in turn, can lead to poorer physical and psychological health outcomes. Distraction and virtual reality (VR) are an effective adjunct to pharmacological interventions in reducing pain. Much of the research that has demonstrated efficacy for VR in burn care has involved expensive and extensive technology. Thus, identifying cost-effective, feasible, acceptable, and effective approaches to apply distraction within routine burn care is important. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to evaluate key stakeholder (i.e., patients, providers) perceptions of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness for the use of …

Cardiovascular Mortality Of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Approved Before And After The 2008 Us Fda Guidance For Industry: A Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Rashmi Goyat, Pragya Rai, Jongwha Chang, Charles D. Ponte, Xi Tan

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background—Both diabetes and antidiabetic drugs (ADDs) increase the risk for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Due to the increasing concern about CV safety associated with ADDs, the US FDA revised regulatory guidelines in 2008 to include CV safety as an endpoint. Objective—The objective of the current study was to conduct a systematic review with metaanalysis to compare CV mortality of oral ADDs approved before and after the FDA’s 2008 guidance. Methods—Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and the Clinical Trial Registry) were searched to retrieve studies published up to 24 February 2017. Randomized clinical trials were included in this study if they (1) …

Propranolol Produces Short-Term Facilitation Of Extinction In A Rabbit Model Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Lauren B. Burhans, Carrie A. Smith-Bell, Bernard G. Schreurs

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a learning-based anxiety disorder with significant public health challenges due to difficulties in treating the complex, multiple symptomology. We have developed an animal model of PTSD, based on Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in rabbits, that addresses two key features: conditioned responses (CRs) to cues associated with an aversive event and a form of conditioned hyperarousal referred to as conditioning-specific reflex modification (CRM). We have found previously that unpaired extinction is ideal for reducing both CRs and CRM simultaneously and shows sensitivity to systemic serotonergic and glutamatergic manipulations. The following study aimed to extend our work to …

Interactions Among Plants, Bacteria, And Fungi Reduce Extracellular Enzyme Activities Under Long-Term N Fertilization, Joseph E. Carrara, Christopher A. Walter, Jennifer S. Hawkins, William T. Peterjohn, Colin Averill, Edward R. Brzostek

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has enhanced soil carbon (C) stocks in temperate forests. Most research has posited that these soil C gains are driven primarily by shifts in fungal community composition with elevated N leading to declines in lignin degrading Basidiomycetes. Recent research, however, suggests that plants and soil microbes are dynamically intertwined, whereby plants send C subsidies to rhizosphere microbes to enhance enzyme production and the mobilization of N. Thus, under elevated N, trees may reduce belowground C allocation leading to cascading impacts on the ability of microbes to degrade soil organic matter through a shift in microbial species …

Mitochondrial Proteome Disruption In The Diabetic Heart Through Targeted Epigenetic Regulation At The Mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein 70 (Mthsp70) Nuclear Locus, Danielle L. Shepherd, Quincy A. Hathaway, Cody E. Nichols, Andrya J. Durr, Mark V. Pinti, Kristen M. Hughes, Amina Kunovac, Seth M. Stine, John M. Hollander

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Greater than 99% of the mitochondrial proteome is nuclear-encoded. The mitochondrion relies on a coordinated multi-complex process for nuclear genome-encoded mitochondrial protein import. Mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70) is a key component of this process and a central constituent of the protein import motor. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disrupts mitochondrial proteomic signature which is associated with decreased protein import efficiency. The goal of this study was to manipulate the mitochondrial protein import process through targeted restoration of mtHsp70, in an effort to restore proteomic signature and mitochondrial function in the T2DM heart. A novel line of cardiac-specific mtHsp70 …

Integrated Models Of Care For Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: How Do We Prevent Hiv And Hcv?, Katherine M. Rich, Joshua Bia, Frederick L. Altice, Judith Feinberg

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Purpose of Review To describe models of integrated and co-located care for opioid use disorder (OUD), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. Recent Findings The design and scale-up of multidisciplinary care models that engage, retain, and treat individuals with HIV, HCV, and OUD are critical to preventing continued spread of HIV and HCV. We identified 17 models within primary care (N = 3), HIV specialty care (N = 5), opioid treatment programs (N = 6), transitional clinics (N = 2), and community-based harm reduction programs (N = 1), as well as two emerging models. Summary Key components of such models are …

Investigational Chemotherapy And Novel Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms For The Treatment Of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases, Neal Shah, Afroz S. Mohammad, Pushkar Saralkar, Samuel A. Sprowls, Schuyler D. Vickers, Devin John, Rachel M. Tallman, Brandon Lucke-Wold, Katherine E. Jarrell, Mark Pinti, Richard L. Nolan, Paul R. Lockman

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis and second most common cause of cancer death. More than half of breast cancer patients will develop metastases to the bone, liver, lung, or brain. Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) confers a poor prognosis, as current therapeutic options of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy rarely significantly extend life and are considered palliative. Within the realm of chemotherapy, the last decade has seen an explosion of novel chemotherapeutics involving targeting agents and unique dosage forms. We provide a historical overview of BCBM chemotherapy, review the mechanisms of new agents such as poly-ADP …

Receipt Of Guideline-Concordant Care Among Older Women With Stage I-Iii Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study, Traci Lemasters, S. Suresh Madhavan, Usha Sambamoorthi, Hannah W. Hazard-Jenkins, Kimberly M. Kelly, Dustin Long

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background: This study examined receipt of guideline-concordant care (GCC) according to evidence-based treatment guidelines and quality measures and specific types of treatment among older women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: A total of 142,433 patients aged ≥66 years diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer between 2007 and 2011 were identified in the SEER-Medicare linked database. Algorithms considering cancer characteristics and the appropriate course of care as per guidelines versus actual care received determined receipt of GCC. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the likelihood of GCC and specific types of treatment for women aged ≥75 versus 66 to 74 years. Results: …

Improving Pharmacologic Prevention Of Vte In Trauma: Impact-It Qi Project, Audis Bethea, Elliot Adams, Frank C. Lucente, Damayanti Samanta, Julton Tomanguillo Chumbe

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Enoxaparin regimens commonly used for prophylaxis fail to achieve optimal anti-factor Xa levels in up to 70 per cent of trauma patients. Accordingly, trauma services at the study institution endeavored to develop a standardized approach to optimize pharmacologic prevention with enoxaparin. An enoxaparin venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis protocol implemented in October 2015 provided weight-adjusted initial dosing parameters with subsequent dose titration to achieve targeted anti-factor Xa levels. Symptomatic VTE rate was evaluated 12 months pre- and post-implementation. Data were obtained from the trauma registry and charts were reviewed from electronic medical records. The rate of symptomatic VTE significantly declined post-implementation …

Efficacy And Safety Of Switching To Coformulated Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Alafenamide (E/C/F/Taf) In Virologically Suppressed Women, Sally Hodder, Kathleen Squires, Cissy Kityo, Debbie Hagins, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Anna Kido, Shuping Jiang, Rima Kulkarni, Andrew Cheng, Huyen Cao

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background: The integrase inhibitor regimen [elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)] demonstrated superior efficacy when compared with a protease inhibitor regimen [ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV + RTV) and FTC/TDF] in 575 treatmentnaive women at week 48. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of switching to a TAF-based, single-tablet regimen containing elvitegravir, cobicistat, FTC, and tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) versus remaining on ATV + RTV plus FTC/TDF. Methods: After completing the initial randomized, blinded phase, virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA /mL) women on ATV + RTV plus FTC/TDF were rerandomized (3:1) to receive open-label E/C/F/TAF versus remaining on their current regimen. The primary end point …