Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Novel Compounds That Target Lipoprotein Lipase And Mediate Growth Arrest In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Rajesh R. Nair, Werner J. Geldenhuys, Debbie Piktel, Prabodh Sadana, Laura F. Gibson

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Over the past decade, the therapeutic strategies employed to treat B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been progressively successful in treating the disease. Unfortunately, the treatment associated dyslipidemia, either acute or chronic, is very prevalent and a cause for decreased quality of life in the surviving patients. To overcome this hurdle, we tested a series of cylopropanecarboxamides, a family demonstrated to target lipid metabolism, for their antileukemic activity in ALL. Several of the compounds tested showed anti-proliferative activity, with one, compound 22, inhibiting both Philadelphia chromosome negative REH and Philadelphia chromosome positive SupB15 ALL cell division. The novel advantage of …

Oral Health Promotion Practices: A Survey Of Florida Child Care Center Directors., Vinodh Bhoopathi, Ajay Joshi, Romer Ocanto, Robin J. Jacobs

HPD Articles

BACKGROUND: To understand the oral health promotion practices (OHPPs) in Florida licensed childcare centers (CCCs), we surveyed the childcare center directors (CCCDs) employed at these centers. We determined if CCC's affiliation with Early Head Start/Head Start (EHS/HS) programs was associated with the number of OHPPs implemented.

METHODS: For this cross-sectional study we emailed a pretested 45-item online survey to unduplicated email addresses of 5142 licensed CCCDs as listed in the publicly available Florida Department of Child and Family services database. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. In addition, a Poisson regression model predicting higher numbers of OHPPs implemented was conducted. …

Patient Acceptance Of Remote Scribing Powered By Google Glass In Outpatient Dermatology: Cross-Sectional Study, Sandra Odenheimer, Deepika Goyal, Veena Jones, Ruth Rosenblum, Lam Ho, Albert Chan

Faculty Publications

Background: The ubiquitous use of electronic health records (EHRs) during medical office visits using a computer monitor and keyboard can be distracting and can disrupt patient-health care provider (HCP) nonverbal eye contact cues, which are integral to effective communication. Provider use of a remote medical scribe with face-mounted technology (FMT), such as Google Glass, may preserve patient-HCP communication dynamics in health care settings by allowing providers to maintain direct eye contact with their patients while still having access to the patient’s relevant EHR information. The medical scribe is able to chart patient encounters in real-time working in an offsite location, …

Letter From The Editors

Administrative Issues Journal

The Summer 2018 issue of the AIJ focuses on challenges and opportunities in our educational system.

School Board Governance In Changing Times: A School’S Transition To Policy Governance, Katherine Curry, Sean Kinder, Tania Benoiton, Jessica Noonan

Administrative Issues Journal

The expansion of the school choice movement and greater flexibility allowed by Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) means that education governance is emerging as an important issue for school effectiveness. This longitudinal case study sought to gain an understanding of the implementation of a new governance structure, Policy Governance, in a private, independent school with deeply entrenched culture and patterns of behavior. Findings suggest an immediate positive influence on leadership and culture in the district, including a “trickle down” effect on shared leadership. However, challenges to sustainability indicate that even strict adherence to the model, unanimous support among board members, …

Enhancing The Cultural Competency Of Prospective Leaders Via A Study Abroad Experience, Douglas Hermond, Mathias R. Vairez, Jr., Tyrone Tanner

Administrative Issues Journal

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether an experiential learning opportunity, specifically a study tour experience, would improve the cultural intelligence of prospective educational leaders and would challenge them to expand their own cultural understanding and behavior. Several prospective leaders who enrolled in a graduate program in Educational Leadership volunteered to attend a study abroad program that was intended, in part, to enhance their cultural competence. They were then asked to complete a survey that measured the four domains of cultural intelligence, namely metacognition, cognition, motivation and behavior. They were also asked to respond to prompts about how …

“Your Fears Are Appreciated Here”: Exploring A Humanistic Approach To Public Speaking Instruction, Justin D. Walton

Administrative Issues Journal

Communication teachers have long been concerned with the development of students’ oral communication competencies. Regrettably, public speaking remains one of the most feared communicative contexts. Though there has been extensive interest in cognitive/behavioral strategies for alleviating communication apprehension, there has been surprisingly little descriptive pedagogical research conducted on the subject within actual classroom settings. This qualitative case study examines the way one communication teacher dealt with issues of student reticence and fear in her introductory public speaking courses through the use of humanistic, student-centered principles. Findings reveal that her pedagogy emphasized (a) the expression of feelings and emotions, (b) prizing …

Developing The Capacity Of Culturally Competent Leaders To Redress Inequitable Outcomes: Increasing Opportunities For Historically Marginalized Students, Sheri Williams

Administrative Issues Journal

Objective: This study investigated the practices and impact of interdisciplinary faculty at a flagship university in the American Southwest who were engaged in the process of redesigning curriculum in order to center candidates on what they need to know and do as culturally competent school leaders.

Method: Participants were 31 interdisciplinary faculty involved in preparing candidates for leadership in early childhood and elementary and secondary education, in diverse contexts including high need and Native American-serving schools. The qualitative study utilized document analysis of faculty’s multi-year work in developing the capacity of candidates to increase opportunities for historically marginalized students. An …

Acetic Acid Induces Sch9p-Dependent Translocation Of Isc1p From The Endoplasmic Reticulum Into Mitochondria, António Rego, Katrina F Cooper, Justin Snider, Yusuf A Hannun, Vítor Costa, Manuela Côrte-Real, Susana R Chaves

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Changes in sphingolipid metabolism have been linked to modulation of cell fate in both yeast and mammalian cells. We previously assessed the role of sphingolipids in cell death regulation using a well characterized yeast model of acetic acid-induced regulated cell death, finding that Isc1p, inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase C, plays a pro-death role in this process. Indeed, isc1∆ mutants exhibited a higher resistance to acetic acid associated with reduced mitochondrial alterations. Here, we show that Isc1p is regulated by Sch9p under acetic acid stress, since both single and double mutants lacking Isc1p or/and Sch9p have the same resistant phenotype, and SCH9 …

Agreement Between Clinician-Rated Versus Patient-Reported Outcomes In Huntington Disease, Noelle E Carlozzi, Nicholas R Boileau, Joel S Perlmutter, Kelvin L Chou, Julie C Stout, Jane S Paulsen, Michael K Mccormack, David Cella, Martha A Nance, Jin-Shei Lai, Praveen Dayalu

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Clinician-rated measures of functioning are often used as primary endpoints in clinical trials and other behavioral research in Huntington disease. As study costs for clinician-rated assessments are not always feasible, there is a question of whether patient self-report of commonly used clinician-rated measures may serve as acceptable alternatives in low risk behavioral trials.

AIM: The purpose of this paper was to determine the level of agreement between self-report and clinician-ratings of commonly used functional assessment measures in Huntington disease.

DESIGN: 486 participants with premanifest or manifest Huntington disease were examined. Total Functional Capacity, Functional Assessment, and Independence Scale assessments …

Greater Needs, Greater Spending: Improving Care For High-Need, High-Cost Patients, Laken Tackett

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

High-need patients spend up to four times more than the average American adult on health care services and prescription medications annually. Tailoring services to each individual’s needs could improve health care outcomes, effectively decreasing costs. Although high-need individuals make up only 5% of the population, they account for 50% of national health care expenditure. Improving care for this population is vital. Implementing an occupational therapist in the primary care process is one way to improve health for these individuals. Highly specialized care coordinators could also be beneficial for this population to coordinate services and medications, making sure there are not …

Ethical Foundations For The Lethal Management Of Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalocrocorax Auritus) In The Eastern United States: An Argument Analysis, Chelsea Batavia, Michael Paul Nelson

Ethics and Conservation Biology Collection

Lethal management of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalocrocorax auritus) has been implemented in many areas of the United States. In this paper, the philosophical method of argument analysis is used to assess ethical premises underlying the proposition that Double-crested Cormorant populations should be culled to reduce pressures on wild fisheries in the Great Lakes region of the eastern USA. This influential argument has been used to justify the destruction of more than half a million Double-crested Cormorants and hundreds of thousands of their nests and eggs. Three versions of the argument are formulated and assessed. It is shown that each of the …

Telepharmacy And Access To Pharmaceutical Services In Rural Areas, Raghav Sarkar, Brandon J. Metzger, Hannah M. Sayre, Chelsea M. Slater, Sruthi Katamneni, Alberto Coustasse

Management Faculty Research

Access to pharmaceutical services in rural areas has been affected by a national shortage of pharmacists. Telepharmacy, a subspecialty of telemedicine, has involved the utilization of telecommunications to deliver pharmaceutical services to consumers located at a distance. The number of telepharmacy programs in the United States and worldwide has been progressively increasing. The purpose of this research project was to examine the effect of the utilization of telepharmacy on rural hospitals’ access to pharmaceutical services. The methodology of this qualitative study was a literature review. Four electronic databases were employed to retrieve peer-reviewed journal articles, and three websites were accessed …

Cinéma Ambulant Et Éducation: Télé Yaka Et Cinomade, Vincent Bouchard

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

Cinomade is an association that tries to sensitize the populations about the HIV pandemic in Burkina Faso. Télé Vaka, literally the "Neighborhood Television" in more language, was an itinerant local television around Koudougou in Burkina Faso. By comparing the reception of screenings organized in rural areas by Télé Vaka and Cinomade, this article describes a popular form of consumption of audio-visual images in West Africa. By causing the debate inside the communities using a heterogeneous device connecting endogenous (the chief's words, those of the elders, etc.) and exogenous (video projection and public testimony), ways of communication, this experiment modifies our …

Physician Shortage In America, Katherine Koplyay

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

The physician shortage occurring in the United States is vast, and many people will not realize it is happening until it affects them directly. Primary care physicians make up the majority of this shortage, but other specialties will also be affected. By the year 2025, it is estimated that the United States will be forty-five thousand to ninety-thousand physicians short. There are simply not enough physicians to meet the demand. Causes of the shortage include the Affordable Care Act insuring millions of people, Medicare and Medicaid continually expanding, the growing population, and the baby boomer generation seeking more and more …

Medical Marijuana And The Healthcare System, John T. Lear-Phillips

Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Many individuals in America suffer from chronic diseases (Glaucoma, Cancer, PTSD, HIV/AIDS, and multiple sclerosis) and medical marijuana can alleviate the side effects associated with these conditions. The federal government should legalize marijuana in order to give individuals with chronic diseases the organic medication they need to manage their symptoms. The current literature discusses how this topic is a national and community healthcare issue due to the large numbers of individuals with chronic conditions who could benefit from access to medical marijuana. Medical marijuana has the ability to improve the cost, access, and quality of healthcare in the United States …

Prevention Paradox: Medical Students Are Less Inclined To Prescribe Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis For Patients In Highest Need., Sarah K Calabrese, Valerie A Earnshaw, Kristen Underhill, Douglas S Krakower, Manya Magnus, Nathan B Hansen, Kenneth H Mayer, Joseph R Betancourt, Trace S Kershaw, John F Dovidio

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Despite healthcare providers' growing awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), prescription rates remain low. PrEP is an efficacious HIV prevention strategy recommended for use with condoms but still protective in their absence. Concern about the impact of PrEP on condom use and other risk behaviour is, nonetheless, among the barriers to prescription commonly reported. To understand the implications of this concern for PrEP access, we examined how medical students' willingness to prescribe PrEP varied by patients' condom use and partnering practices. We also assessed the perceived acceptability of various reasons for condom discontinuation with PrEP.

METHODS: An online survey was …

Successful Embolization Of A Enterocutaneous Fistula Tract With Onyx 34 Following Low Anterior Resection For Rectal Cancer., Hamza Rahimi, Anthony C Venbrux, Vincent Obias

Radiology Faculty Publications

Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) can be one of the complications found after surgical intervention for rectal cancer. Interventional modalities consisting of surgical, endoscopic, and radiological methods are often implemented to treat postoperative symptomatic complications. We present the case of 61-year-old Caucasian man who presented to us with a recent diagnosis of rectal cancer that had invaded the levators as well as anteriorly into the prostate, and who underwent low anterior resection with a diverting loop ileostomy. The patient was found to have a persistent presacral abscess due to an ECF tract. This case highlights the off-label use of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer …

Crossroads Of Music And Medicine, Annie Heiderscheit

Crossroads of Music and Medicine

The author proposes reuniting the disciplines of music and medicine in the service of alleviating the impact of pain, addiction, and trauma on human life. Music listening can reduce symptomology, reduce the use of medicine, and reduce costs. In the author's work conducting the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) with adults in treatment for a chronic addiction, she found that after a series of GIM sessions, patients began talking about letting go, moving on, and finding empowerment and transformation.

Setting The Stage: Neurobiological Effects Of Music On The Brain, Samata R. Sharma, David Silbersweig

Crossroads of Music and Medicine

A better understanding of how and why we are so moved by music can emerge from a closer look at how the brain functions. Music causes both structural and functional changes in the brain, both with immediate exposure and over several weeks, months and years.

By the very fact that music is processed by so many areas of the brain (ranging from the cortex, to the limbic system, to the neuroendocrine and even autonomic nervous systems), exerts an effect not only on our brain, but also on our bodies.

As our understanding of how the biological processes of the brain …

Congenital Chagas Disease In The United States: Cost Savings Through Maternal Screening, Eileen Stillwaggon, Victoria Perez-Zetune, Stephanie R. Bialek, Susan P. Montgomery

Economics Faculty Publications

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted by insect vectors through transfusions, transplants, insect feces in food, and from mother to child during gestation. Congenital infection could perpetuate Chagas disease indefinitely, even in countries without vector transmission. An estimated 30% of infected persons will develop lifelong, potentially fatal, cardiac or digestive complications. Treatment of infants with benznidazole is highly efficacious in eliminating infection. This work evaluates the costs of maternal screening and infant testing and treatment of Chagas disease in the United States. We constructed a decision-analytic model to find the lower cost option, comparing costs of testing and …

Measuring Performance On The Healthcare Access And Quality Index For 195 Countries And Territories And Selected Subnational Locations: A Systematic Analysis From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2016, Gbd 2016 Healthcare Access And Quality Collaborators

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016.

METHODS: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD …

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage Affects Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein But Not Glycated Low-Density Lipoprotein In Younger Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study., Guido Filler, Sepideh Taheri, Christopher Mcintyre, Connor Smith, Lakshmimathy Subramanian, Gerhard Fusch, Christoph Fusch

Paediatrics Publications

Background

Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) and glycated LDL (g-LDL) have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients >60 years of age. Since young adult and paediatric patients have shorter exposure to Framingham-type risk factors, our study aims to determine whether younger CKD patients exhibit the same sd-LDL and g-LDL pattern.

Methods

After ethics board approval, this cross-sectional study was conducted at two universities with 44 patients (mean ± standard deviation age 12.6 ± 4.9, range 2-24 years) with CKD stage of 1-5. Laboratory parameters studied were Cystatin C (CysC), CysC estimated glomerular filtration …

Evaluation Of Primary Caregivers' Perceptions On Home Trampoline Use, Supriya Singh, Kamary Coriolano, Jacob Davidson, Megan Cashin, Timothy Carey, Debra Bartley

Paediatrics Publications

Trampolines are widely used by children, but trampoline injuries can be severe and may require hospital care or even surgery. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of an educational intervention on caregivers' perceptions of trampoline use and safety for their children. Primary caregivers were recruited from the orthopedic clinic at the Children's Hospital at our institution in 2015. Caregivers were asked to complete a survey at two time points, initially in clinic and one week post educational intervention. The educational intervention was a pamphlet outlining trampoline safety data. Data analysis occurred in 2016. From the 100 primary caregivers recruited, 39 …

Stable Expression Of Α1-Antitrypsin Portland In Mda-Mb-231 Cells Increased Mt1-Mmp And Mmp-9 Levels, But Reduced Tumour Progression., J.A. Wilson, C.A. Muir, C. L. Evered, M. A. Cepeda, S. Damjanovski

Paediatrics Publications

The membrane bound matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP plays roles in modulating cell movement, independent of its abilities to remodel the extracellular matrix. Unlike many MMPs, MT1-MMP is activated in the Golgi prior to secretion by a pro-protein convertase, primarily furin. Regulation of the activation of pro-MT1-MMP has been methodically investigated, as altering the level of the active protein has broad implications in both activating other proMMPs, including pro-MMP-2, and many subsequent remodelling events. Our previous work in MCF-7 cells has demonstrated that modest, and not extremely high, levels of active MT1-MMP manifests into altered cell morphology and movement. At this low …

Disorganized Gyrification Network Properties During The Transition To Psychosis, Tushar Das, Stefan Borgwardt, Daniel J. Hauke, Fabienne Harrisberger, Undine E. Lang, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Lena Palaniyappan, André Schmidt

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

IMPORTANCE There is urgent need to improve the limited prognostic accuracy of clinical instruments to predict psychosis onset in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. As yet, no reliable biological marker has been established to delineate CHR individuals who will develop psychosis from those who will not. OBJECTIVES To investigate abnormalities in a graph-based gyrification connectome in the early stages of psychosis and to test the accuracy of this systems-based approach to predict a transition to psychosis among CHR individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigation was a cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study with follow-up assessment to …

Locomotor Adjustments During Stair Ascent In Children With Down Syndrome: Comparison Between Walking And Crawling Strategies, Huaqing Liang, Jianhua Wu

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Stair negotiation provides an important yet different paradigm to study environment navigation. As one has constantly move himself up while adjusting step length and foot placement due to the stair constraints, this paradigm is ideal to study motor strategy and adaptation in children with and without disabilities. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic condition and causes significant delays in motor and cognitive development. Children with DS show poor postural control and less efficient gait patterns. When negotiating obstacles, they often select a more conservative strategy (i.e. crawling instead of walking). This study aimed to examine motor strategy and …

Characterizing The Recovery Trajectories Of Knee Range Of Motion For One Year After Total Knee Replacement, Saurabh Mehta, Andrew Rigney, Kyle Webb, Jacob Wesney, Paul W. Stratford, Franklin D. Shuler, Ali Oliashirazi

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of routinely collected clinical data.

OBJECTIVE: This study modeled the recovery in knee flexion and extension range of motion (ROM) over 1 year after total knee replacement (TKR).

BACKGROUND: Recovery after TKR has been characterized for self-reported pain and functional status. Literature describing target knee ROM at different follow-up periods after TKR is scarce.

METHODS: Data were extracted for patients who had undergone TKR at a tertiary care hospital at 2, 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks after TKR. A linear mixed-effects growth model was constructed that investigated the following covariates age, sex, pre-TKR range, body mass …

Transitioning From Level Surface To Stairs In Children With And Without Down Syndrome: Locomotor Adjustments During Stair Ascent, Huaqing Liang, Xiang Ke, Jianjia Wu

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) often show underdeveloped motor ability and adaptation. Stair ascent is a common task to examine locomotor function and external ankle load is often used to perturb the stability of a system and observe the emergence of new patterns.

Research question: How do stair height and external ankle load affect locomotor adjustments in 5-to-11-year-old children with typical development (TD) and with DS during stair ascent?

Methods: Fourteen children with DS and 14 age- and sex-matched children with TD participated in this study. They walked along a 5-m walkway and ascended 3-step staircases of different heights …

Virtual Mentorship Network To Address The Rural Shortage Of Mental Health Providers, Heidi Keeler, Tara Sjuts, Kosuke Niitsu, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Paul Force-Emery Mackie, Howard Liu

Social Work Department Publications

Introduction: The process of identifying effective responses to the challenges of placing and retaining a rural behavioral health workforce remains elusive. The Virtual Mentorship Network was developed to test the feasibility of using distance technology to connect rural students interested in mental health careers with mentors.

Methods: In Year 1, college and high school students were virtually mentored using a near-peer approach both live and asynchronously as a cohort over 7 months. In Year 2, college students only were virtually intensely mentored live over 1 month. High school students were asynchronously provided with informational videos produced by mentors. Program benefits …