Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Orthostatic Stability With Intravenous Levodopa, Shan H. Siddiqi, Mary L. Creech, Kevin J. Black

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Hif-1Α Mediates Isoflurane-Induced Vascular Protection In Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Eric Milner, Andrew W. Johnson, James W. Nelson, Michael D. Harries, Jeffrey M. Gidday, Byung Hee Han, Gregory J. Zipfel

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

An Automated Motion Detection And Reward System For Animal Training, Brad Miller, Audrey N. Lim, Arnold F. Heidbreder, Kevin J. Black

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Underuse Of Modern Methods Of Contraception: Underlying Causes And Consequent Undesired Pregnancies In 35 Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Saverio Bellizzi, Howard L. Sobel, Hiromi Obara, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Study question: What is the contribution of the underuse of modern methods (MM) of contraception to the annual undesired pregnancies in 35 low- and middle-income countries?

Summary answer: Fifteen million out of 16.7 million undesired pregnancies occurring annually in 35 countries could have been prevented with the optimal use of MM of contraception.

What is known already: Every year, 87 million women worldwide become pregnant unintentionally because of the underuse of MM of contraception.

Study design, size, duration: Demographic and health surveys (DHS) of 35 countries, conducted between 2005 and 2012, were analysed.

Participants/materials, setting, methods: Contraceptive use of 12 …

Sexual And Reproductive Health Knowledge, Contraception Uptake, And Factors Associated With Unmet Need For Modern Contraception Among Adolescent Female Sex Workers In China, Megan S. C. Lim, Xu-Dong Zhang, Elissa Kennedy, Yan Li, Yin Yang, Lin Li, Yun-Xia Li, Marleen Temmerman, Stanley Luchters

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objective: In China, policy and social taboo prevent unmarried adolescents from accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Research is needed to determine the SRH needs of highly disadvantaged groups, such as adolescent female sex workers (FSWs). This study describes SRH knowledge, contraception use, pregnancy, and factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception among adolescent FSWs in Kunming, China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using a one-stage cluster sampling method was employed to recruit adolescents aged 15 to 20 years, and who self-reported having received money or gifts in exchange for sex in the past 6 months. A semi-structured questionnaire …

Menthol Cigarette Smoking And Obesity In Young Adult Daily Smokers In Hawaii, Alyssa Marie M. Antonio, Pebbles Fagan, Faith D. Hamamura, Ian Joseph N. Lagua, Jenny Liu, Devin J. Park, Pallav Pokhrel, Thaddeus A. Herzog, Ian Pagano, Kevin Cassel, Angela Sy, Dorothy Jorgensen, Tania Lynch, Crissy Kawamoto, Carol J. Boushey, Adrian Franke, Mark S. Clanton, Eric T. Moolchan, Linda A. Alexander

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

This study investigates 1) the relationship between menthol cigarette smoking and obesity and 2) the association of body mass index with the nicotine metabolite ratio among menthol and non-menthol daily smokers aged 18–35 (n = 175). A brief survey on smoking and measures of height and weight, carbon monoxide, and saliva samples were collected from participants from May to December 2013 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Multiple regression was used to estimate differences in body mass index among menthol and non-menthol smokers and the association of menthol smoking with obesity. We calculated the log of the nicotine metabolite ratio to examine differences …

Non-Dairy Probiotic Products, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Gaurav Rajauria

Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings

The term probiotic was technically defined as “live microorganisms which upon ingestion in certain numbers exert health benefits beyond inherent nutrition” (FAO/ WHO 2001). This definition requires that the microorganisms must be alive and present in high numbers, generally more than 109 cells per daily ingested dose. Probiotic food products are considered as functional foods which are defined to contain health-promoting components beyond traditional nutrients and the addition of probiotic cultures is one approach in which foods could be modified to become functional.

Nanotechnology Solutions For Global Water Challenges, Aine Whelan, Niall B. Mcguinness, Mary Garvey, Honey John, Chun Zao, Geshan Zhang, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, J. Anthony Byrne, Suresh C. Pillai

Books/Book chapters

The lack of clean and safe drinking water is responsible for more deaths than war, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction combined. This suggests contaminated water poses a significant threat to human health and welfare. In addition, standard water disinfection approaches such as sedimentation, filtration, and chemical or biological degradation are not fully capable of destroying emerging contaminants (e.g. pesticides, pharmaceutical waste products) or certain types of bacteria (e.g. Cryptosporidium parvum). Nanomaterials and nanotechnology based devices can potentially be employed to solve the challenges posed by various contaminants and microorganisms. Nanomaterials of different shapes, namely nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires and fibers …

Binding Of Dna By A Dinitro-Diester Calix[4]Arene: Denaturation And Condensation Of Dna, Mary Deasy, Pilar Lopez-Cornejo, F J. Ostos, J A. Lebron, M L. Moya

Articles

A study of a dinitro-diester calix[4]arene (5,17-(3-nitrobenzylideneamino)-11,23-di-tert-butyl- 25,27-diethoxycarbonyl methyleneoxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene) interaction with calf-thymus DNA was carried out using several techniques. The measurements were done at various molar ratios X=[calixarene]/[DNA]. Results show diverse changes in the DNA conformation depending on the X value. Thus, at low macrocycle concentration, the calixarene binds to the polynucleotide. This interaction, mainly in groove mode, weakens the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs of the helix inducing the denaturation of the double strands, as well as the condensation of the macromolecule, from an extended coil state to a globular state. An opposite effect is observed …

The Alexander Technique Vs. The Mckenzie Method In The Treatment Of Lumbosacral Radiculopathy, Benjamin Hollett

Honors Projects

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal problem worldwide. Up to 85% of people will experience low back pain during their lifetime. LBP has a great impact on quality of life, lifestyle, and work-related disability. Each year, the costs of LBP in the United States exceed $100 billion.

Lumbosacral, referring to the lumbar and sacral region of the spinal cord, radiculopathy, meaning a disorder of the nerve root, is sometimes referred to as sciatica and is a condition in which a disease process affects the function of one or more lumbosacral nerve roots. The most common cause is …

A Recreational Runner’S Guide To Knee Pain, Alexzanda Johnson

Honors Projects

The most common pain runners experience is associated with the knee joint. However, if you do an Internet search for “knee pain,” there is no telling what will come up or how accurate the information might be. On the other hand, scouring research articles for more fact-based recommendations can be time consuming and confusing. With this guide, the research has been done for you and a list of references is readily available at the end of the document if you want to look further into a specific topic. You shouldn’t need a degree in exercise science or anatomy to have …

Researchers Hopkins, Mcbride, Randall Given Adventist Health Ministries Medal Of Distinction, Ansel Oliver

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

The Sweet Taste Of Health: A Positive Deviance Inquiry Into Communicative Acts That Lead To Effective Management Of Diabetes Among Hispanics, Claudia Martinez Boyd

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is among the fastest growing diseases in the world. In the U.S., Hispanics are the third most affected population. Nonetheless, there are Hispanics diagnosed with diabetes who have, against all odds, found solutions to manage their disease. This study focused on the intrapersonal and interpersonal acts and behaviors of "positive deviant" Hispanics living on the U.S. - Mexico border that effectively managed their diabetes. They are referred to as "positive deviants" because they accrue "positive" outcomes and "deviants" because they are not the norm.

A PD inquiry was conducted and twelve PD respondents between the ages of 20 …

The Contribution Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion To The Development Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Kylie Lauren Marshall

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

A controversial issue is whether TBI is a necessary precursor to the development of PTSD symptoms, or if the two variables are mutually exclusive. Recent rodent-models reveal that a stressful environment cannot cause PTSD symptoms directly without TBI, yet it is unknown if PTSD symptoms can develop following a TBI. This study provides a potential analogue to study this relationship by evaluating the effects of sports-related concussion. Purpose: This study investigated two questions, 1) Is there a significant difference in the frequency of PTSD symptoms reported by athletes at baseline (BL) testing and post-concussion (PC) testing over time? 2) Is …

Rapid Assessment Of Refractive Error, Presbyopia, And Visual Impairment And Associated Quality Of Life In Nampula, Mozambique, James Loughman, Lindelwa Nxele, Cesar Faria, Stephen Thompson, Prasidh Ramson, Farai Chinanyi, Kovin S. Naidoo

Articles

Introduction: Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to assess spectacle coverage, and to evaluate visual health-related quality of life among persons aged 15–50 years old in Nampula, Mozambique.

Methods: Participants were assessed using a validated rapid assessment of refractive error protocol, comprised of a demographic questionnaire, a standardized ophthalmic assessment to determine refractive status and spectacle coverage, and a modified vision-related quality of life questionnaire to assess the impact of uncorrected refractive error …

In Vitro Evaluation Of The Cytotoxicity Of A Folate-Modified Β-Cyclodextrin As A New Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery System, Zlata Tofzikovskaya, Alan Casey, Orla L. Howe, Christine O'Connor, Mary Mcnamara

Articles

Many chemotherapeutic drugs are therapeutically non-selective and do not distinguish between healthy cells and tumour cells which can result in severe side effects and toxicity. Drug delivery systems can be used to target specific cells and therefore may eliminate many of the side effects, increasing drug efficiency and efficacy, and controlling drug release. One possible strategy for targeted drug delivery is to use unique molecular markers such as folate receptors in cancer cells. In this work the cytotoxicity of a novel cyclodextrin-folate conjugate, 6-deoxy-6-[(1-(-2amino)ethylamino)folate-β-cyclodextrin (CDEnFA) was studied using the MTT assay and the MCF-7 (Breast), HeLa (Cervical), A549 (Lung cancer) …

Who's On Top? The Mental Health Of Men Who Have Sex With Men, Eric R.A. Carter

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Despite most men who have sex with men (MSM) expressing intercourse position preference (e.g., “top”, “versatile”, or “bottom”), there is little information regarding sexual behavior and mental health sequelae. From the perspective of gender schema theory, the current study examined how position preference related to gender roles, internalized homophobia, and mental health. A total of 70 MSM (U.S. residents, M age = 28.89 years, 68.6% White) were recruited for an online study and grouped according to position preference. Groups were mostly similar across demographic variables, although bottoms had fewer sexual partners and lower condom use than tops and versatiles. In …

Expression Of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Map Is Significantly Different Than That Of Other Type Iii Secreted Effectors In Vivo., Mai Nguyen, Jason Rizvi, Gail Hecht

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded effectors EspF and Map are multifunctional and have an impact on the tight junction barrier while the non-LEE-encoded proteins NleH1 and NleH2 possess significant anti-inflammatory activity. In order to address the temporal expression of these important genes in vivo, their promoters were cloned upstream of the luxCDABE operon, and luciferase expression was measured in EPEC-infected mice by bioluminescence using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Bioluminescent images of living mice, of excised whole intestines, and of whole intestines longitudinally opened and washed were assessed. The majority of bioluminescent bacteria localized …

Law’S Power To Safeguard Global Health: A Lancet–O’Neill Institute, Georgetown University Commission On Global Health And The Law, Lawrence O. Gostin, John T. Monahan, Mary C. Debartolo, Richard Horton

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The law-–global, national, and subnational–-plays a vital, yet often underappreciated, role in safeguarding and promoting the public’s health. In this article, we launch the Lancet-O’Neill Institute, Georgetown University Commission on Global Health and the Law. Commissioners from around the world will explore the critical opportunities and challenges of using law as a tool, while evaluating the evidence base for legal interventions. The Commission aims to define and systematically describe the current landscape of law that affects global health and safety.

Commissioners were chosen from disciplines that range from health, policy, and law to economics and governance. The Commission aims …

Female Breakfast Skippers Display A Disrupted Cortisol Rhythm And Levated Blood Pressure, Megan Witbracht, Nancy L. Keim, Shavawn Forester, Adrianne Widaman, Kevin D. Laugero

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Chronic stress and over-activity in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may link breakfast skipping and poor cardiometabolic health. Missing the first major meal of the day in rodents prolongs elevated circulating corticosterone at a time when it's normally decreasing. To extend these findings to humans, we hypothesized that habitual breakfast skippers would display a similar pattern of circulating cortisol and alterations in meal and stress-induced cortisol reactions. Normal weight to obese women aged 18–45 years old who were strictly defined as either breakfast skippers (n = 30) or breakfast eaters (n = 35) were invited to participate in our …

Gaming: Occupation-Based Nbcot Exam Preparation, Ilse Coleman, Jamie Kauffman

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The purpose of this scholarly project was to create a novel, unique, and effective preparation tool for the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) certification examination.

A literature review of 40 evidence-based journal articles addressed adult learning principles; guidelines for facilitating learning; types of, advantages, and disadvantages of using gaming in higher education; and preparation methods for high-stakes examinations. Information reviewed also included current preparation tools; exam blueprint; and domain, task, and knowledge statements ofthe NBCOT certification examination.

An Open Book: NBCOT Exam Prep Game is a board game that can be used as a supplementary preparation tool …

Current Knowledge Of Occupational Therapists In Wyoming Regarding The Affordable Care Act: A Quantitative Pilot Study, Christopher J. Greenman, Lauren C. Harvey

Occupational Therapy Capstones

There is little information and research addressing occupational therapists’ knowledge level and ability to implement the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This leads to the following problem statements: occupational therapists’ knowledge level of and ability to implement changes to practice is unknown; furthermore, it is unknown if there is a difference in knowledge level based on professional membership, years of practice, and area of practice; and it is also unknown which aspects or areas of the ACA occupational therapists would like to know more about, and if there is a difference based upon professional membership, years of practice or area of …

Occupational Therapy's Role: A Foundational Occupational Therapy Education Resource For Ghana, Shalyn K. Hample, Maria J. Sundsted

Occupational Therapy Capstones

In the developing country of Ghana, West Africa, there is a population of over 1 million individuals with disabilities (Timney, 2007). Ninety-five percent of these people have no rehabilitation service access (Timney, 2007). Due to the presence of social, political, and economic factors including negative societal stigma towards people with disabilities, political corruption and poverty, Ghana's population is vulnerable for occupational deprivation. Occupational deprivation places this population at risk for preventing engagement in or forceful discontinuation of meaningful daily occupations such as farming, education, and employment opportunities (Whiteford, 2000; Yeoman, 1998).

The U.S. has helped offer some assistance to Ghana, …

Infusing An Occupational Perspective Into Chronic Disease Management: A Manual For Occupational Therapists, Katelyn Mari, Abby Wicklund

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Problem: In 2014, the National Council on Aging reported that almost 92% of older adults were affected by a chronic condition and 77% of these individuals had at least two chronic conditions. In addition, chronic disease is responsible for 75% of United States health care spending. Ironically, only 1% of health care dollars are spent on public education and other efforts to reduce the incidence of chronic disease.

Purpose: The purpose of this scholarly project was to provide a framework for occupational therapists to deliver effective treatment for individuals with chronic disease. Due to the longevity of chronic disease, encouraging …

A Manual For Caregivers Of Infants With Brachial Plexus Injuries, Maranda Myrold, Taryn Wagner

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The purpose of this scholarly project was to develop a holistic manual for occupational therapists to provide to caregivers of infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP). A literature review was conducted on the impact of NBPP on both the infant’s and their caregiver’s quality of life. The literature review revealed that NBPP can lead to functional deficits for infants, increasing the amount of care, attention, and resources they require. Due to these challenges, a caregiver may experience high levels of stress, which could result in depression, anger, and frustration (Matlow, Stevens, Harrison, & Laxer, 2006). Also, current research is …

Facilitating The Role Of An Occupational Therapist As A Primary Care Provider For Clients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Alexis Nims, Kayli Schumacher

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Chronic disease management is an ever-growing need within the current population. One of those chronic diseases, arthritis, is the present leader in cause for disability among adults (Helmick et al., 2008). This incidence is expected to increase by 40% over the next 25 years. Among this population are those diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is anticipated to affect over 1.2 million Americans each year alone (Helmick et al., 2008). Incurable, RA is a debilitating condition that results in the loss of function within various occupations of daily life. The needs of this population are great, yet are often left …

The Experience Of Occupational Therapists' Approaches And Interventions For School-Aged Children And Adolescents With Anxiety, Meg O'Brien, Emily Terhaar

Occupational Therapy Capstones

In the realm of occupational therapy there is not a clear or cohesive evidencebased approach that OT's use to guide intervention planning with school-aged children or adolescent who have anxiety or anxiety secondary to another medical condition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experience of 6 pediatric occupational therapists in an outpatient setting in developing and implementing interventions for this population. Researchers utilized a phenomenological qualitative research method completing six interviews to understand the experience of the participants. Findings suggest that occupational therapists who participated in this study feel that they have skills …

Insulin Patch Pumps In Type 2 Diabetes, Cristin Altendorf

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• DM is a leading cause of death in Americans

• A HbA1c above 6.5% is diagnostic for DM because it is at this level the patient is at risk for retinopathy and other microvascular disease

• The purpose of this study is to determine alternative methods of maintaining tighter control on HbA1c to lessen the effects of type II diabetes.

Oral Immunotherapy In Ige-Mediated Cow’S Milk Protein Allergy, Jody Bauer

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Cow’s milk allergy prevalence in children has been increasing significantly over the last several decades. The diagnosis of a cow’s milk allergy (CMA) can occur through several methods such as signs and symptoms, double blind oral food challenge, skin prick testing, IgE and IgG4 serum levels. Currently, there are no treatments beyond strict allergen avoidance. The patient’s quality of life is impacted with the fear of inadvertent exposure resulting in allergic reactions that may be life threatening. Recent studies have explored desensitization to CM using oral immunotherapy (OIT), subcutaneous immunotherapy, and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Research has found that desensitization will …

Alpha Lipoic Acid: A Potential Therapeutic Option For Painful Peripheral Neuropathies, Jessica Curcio

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a major public health concern.

• There are many etiologies for PN including injury, infection, toxicity, genetics, metabolic disease and nutritional deficiencies.

• Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), also known as thioctic acid, is a potent antioxidant and cofactor in many cellular metabolic processes.

• Oxidative damage plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of both diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).

• Because of the antioxidant capability ALA has been studied for its potential benefit in preventing and treating PN