Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Basic Mechanism Of Beef Tenderization: Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Contributes To Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Instability, Michael D. Chao, Katherine I. Domenech, Chris R. Calkins Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) could increase polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane, thereby altering membrane integrity, resulting in more rapid post-rigor calcium leakage, greater enzyme activity and improved tenderness. Steers were finished on either 0% WDGS or 50% WDGS. Steaks from steers fed WDGS were more tender and had greater free calcium concentrations. Feeding WDGS also increased proportions of PUFA in SR membrane and altered SR lipid and phospholipid profiles. These findings suggest that feeding increased concentrations of WDGS in the finishing diet can possibly increase meat tenderness through the proposed mechanism.

Feeding Elevated Levels Of Corn Silage And Mdgs In Finishing Diets, Dirk B. Burken, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing experiment evaluated substitution of corn silage and modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) in place of corn. The experimental arrangementwas a 2 X 2 + 1 factorial with diets containing 15 or 45% corn silage and 20 or 40% MDGS as well as a control containing 5% cornstalks and 40% MDGS. There were no interactions between corn silage and MDGS inclusion for carcass adjusted performance. As corn silage inclusion increased in the diet, there was a modest reduction in ADG and an increase in F:G. When MDGS inclusion was increased, ADG and F:G were improved. Cattle fed 40% …

The Effects Of Corn Price, Shrink, And Harvest Moisture On Corn Silage Economics, Dirk B. Burken, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Economic assumptions were applied to corn production to set corn silage prices for breakeven corn production, whether harvested for corn grain or corn silage. Price levels were used for the calculation of returns per finished steer as corn silage inclusion increased in finishing diets containing distillers grains. As corn price increased, the economics of feeding elevated concentrations of corn silage became more favorable. The economic importance of shrink and harvest moisture content were assessed. As corn price increases and the inclusion of corn silage increases, corn silage management decisions have greater economic importance.

Digestibility Of De-Oiled Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles In Forage-Based Diets, Meredith L. Bremer, Sarah J. Peterson, Adam L. Shreck Shreck, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Over half of Nebraska’s ethanol plants are removing oil from distillers grains via centrifugation of the thin stillage constituent. Removing oil by this method does not impact intake or total tract digestibility in beef cattle growing diets. However, increasing the concentration of de-oiled distillers grains in the diet significantly improved intake and digestibility. Thus, concentration of distillers grain in the diet has a greater impact on total tract digestibility than the fat content in forage-based diets.

Feeding Value Of De-Oiled Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Relative To Normal When Fed With Either Dry-Rolled Corn Or Steam-Flaked Corn In Beef Finishing Diets, Meredith L. Bremer, Marie E. Harris, Jake A. Hansen Hansen, Karla H. Jenkins, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A 128-day finishing study utilized 328 yearling steers to determine the effects of feeding de-oiled wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) in dry rolled corn (DRC) or steam-flaked corn (SFC) diets relative to normal fat WDGS. No significant interactions were observed, but cattle fed DRC had greater DMI and were less efficient than those consuming SFC. Linear improvements in ADG and F:G were observed as concentration of de-oiled WDGS increased from 0 to 35%. Numerically cattle fed normal WDGS were more efficient than cattle fed de-oiled WDGS.

Response To Increasing Concentrations Of De-Oiled Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles In Beef Feedlot Diets, Meredith L. Bremer, Curtis J. Bittner, Dirk B. Burken Burken, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A 154-day finishing study, utilizing 378 calf-fed steers, was conducted to evaluate the response to feeding increasing concentrations of de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Two additional diets were fed to compare de-oiled MDGS to normal MDGS at either 15 or 30% inclusion. Increasing concentration of de-oiled MDGS in the diet resulted in a linear improvement in F:G. When comparing 30% de-oiled to normal MDGS, there was a tendency for 3.4% improvement in F:G for cattle fed normal MDGS diets over those fed de-oiled MDGS.

Comparison Of Wet Or Dry Distillers Grains Plus Solubles To Corn As An Energy Source In Forage-Based Diets, Nerissa A. Ahern, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four experiments were conducted comparing wet or dry distillers grains plus solubles to each other or to corn as an energy source in forage-based diets. Diets included dry distillers grains plus solubles, wet distillers grains plus solubles or dry-rolled corn, with sorghum silage, grass hay and supplement. Data were pooled to generate ADG at differing inclusions allowing energy value of wet distillers grains plus solubles to be calculated relative to dry-rolled corn. The energy value of distillers grains plus solubles fed at 15% of diet DM was 137% and fed at 30% of the diet DM was 136% relative to …

Polio Eradication And Health Systems In Karachi: Vaccine Refusals In Context, Svea Closser, Rashid Jooma, Emma Varley, Naina Qayyum, Sonia Rodrigues, Akasha Sarwar, Patricia Omidian

Section of Neurosurgery

Community and health worker engagement will be key to polio eradication in Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, the authors conducted participant observation, interviews, and a document review in SITE Town, Karachi, an area that in recent years has harbored poliovirus. SITE’s diverse population includes large numbers of internally displaced persons who are disproportionately affected by polio and are more likely than other populations to refuse the polio vaccine. Vaccine acceptance and worker motivation in SITE Town were shaped by the discrepancy in funding and attention for polio eradication campaigns as compared with routine services. Parental vaccine refusals stemmed from a …

Effectiveness Of Helmets In Preventing Severe Injuries In A Setting With Poorly Enforced Quality Standards, Junaid Ahmad Bhatti, Junaid A. Razzak, Rashid Jooma

Department of Emergency Medicine

Helmets save lives, yet many countries do not have laws about their quality assessment or how they should be worn. We assessed the effectiveness of helmet use in preventing injuries in such a setting. The data were extracted from a large road traffic injury surveillance study in Karachi, Pakistan. We assessed the association of wearing helmets with several injury outcomes including deaths, injury severity (via New Injury Severity Score, NISS ≥ 9) and moderate or severe injury (via Abbreviated Injury Score, AIS ≥ 2) to head, face, or other regions of the body. The data about helmet use was available …

Unforgiving Heat Wave Deaths In The Largest Metropolitan City Of Pakistan: Lessons Learned, Muhammad Akbar Baig, Shahan Waheed, Asad Mian, Erfaan Hussain

Department of Emergency Medicine

Heat stroke is a deadly condition that needs astute care and timely management. Recently, the city of Karachi in Pakistan has been the victim of an intense heat wave, which has resulted in an insurmountable loss of life. We observed various deficiencies in dealing with this national threat that provides us with a valuable lesson regarding the measures that can be undertaken to avoid such a disaster from occurring again.

Interaction And Cognitive Engagement In Online Discussions In Professional Development Leadership And Management Course At A Private Nursing Institution, Nimira Asif, Samina Vertejee, Sharifa Bashir Lalani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

In the Post RN BScN curriculum, one of the courses “Professional Development and Leadership (PDLM)” was offered as blended mode for the first time. In order to explore the students’ interactions and Cognitive Engagement (CE) in Online Discussion Forums (ODFs), the research team conducted a retrospective study for the first time at a private nursing institution of Karachi-Pakistan. The study was conducted by utilizing the retrospective qualitative paradigm of discourse analysis to understand student’s CE in ODFs. The study has addressed the following one main and three subsidiary research questions: How do threaded discussions (in the part of online forums) …

Prevalence Of Obesity And Overweight, Its Clinical Markers And Associated Factors In A High Risk South-Asian Population, Faridah Amin, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Najmul Islam, Anwar H. Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic abnormalities. It is measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat (BF) distribution and abdominal fat mass, each having its own merits and limitations. Variability in body composition between ethnic groups in South-Asians is significant and may not be truly reflected by BMI alone, which may result in misclassification. This study therefore, aims to determine the frequency of obesity, body fat composition and distribution, in a high risk population of an urban slum of Karachi, Pakistan. This survey …

Antidiarrhoeal, Antisecretory And Antispasmodic Activities Of Matricaria Chamomilla Are Mediated Predominantly Through K+-Channels Activation, Hassan Mehmood, Siraj Munir, Uzair Ali Khalid, Mudassir Asrar, Anwarul Hassan Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Matricaria chamomilla commonly known as “Chamomile” (Asteraceae) is a popular medicinal herb widely used in indigenous system of medicine for a variety of ailments. However, there is no detailed study available showing its effectiveness in hyperactive gut disorders like, abdominal colic and diarrhoea. This study was designed to determine the pharmacological basis for the folkloric use of Matricaria chamomilla in diarrhoea.
Methods: The crude aqueous-methanolic extract of Matricaria chamomilla (Mc.Cr) was studied for its protective effect in mice against castor oil-induced diarrhoea and intestinal fluid accumulation. The isolated rabbit jejunum was selected for the in-vitro experiments using tissue bath …

Is Burnout Separable From Depression In Cluster Analysis? A Longitudinal Study, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

Purpose: Whether burnout and depression represent distinct pathologies is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether burnout and depressive symptoms manifest themselves separately from each other or are so closely intertwined as to reflect the same phenomenon.

Methods: A two-wave longitudinal study involving 627 French schoolteachers (73 % female) was conducted. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and depression with the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire.

Results: Burnout and depressive symptoms clustered both at baseline and follow-up. Cluster membership at time 1 (T1) predicted cases of burnout and depression at time 2 …

Motivational Interviewing Targeting Risky Sex In Hiv-Positive Young Thai Men Who Have Sex With Men, Chokechai Rongkavilit, Bo Wang, Sylvie Naar-King, Torsak Bunupuradah, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Apirudee Panthong, Juline Koken, Pichai Saengcharnchai, Praphan Phanuphak

Publications and Research

Motivational interviewing (MI) has been shown to reduce sexual risks among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HMSM) in the US. We conducted a randomized trial of Healthy Choices, a 4-session MI intervention, targeting sexual risks among 110 HIV-positive youth ages 16–25 years in Thailand. Risk assessments were conducted at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months post-intervention. This report presents the analysis of 74 HMSM in the study. There were 37 HMSM in the Intervention group and 37 in the control group. The proportions of participants having anal sex and having sex with either HIV-uninfected or unknown partners in …

Dental Hygiene Program - Academic History, Deb Penney, Tena Geis, Lori Brown

Academic Program Histories

This history for the Dental Hygiene program was written to commemorate DMACC's 50th anniversary celebration during the 2015-16 academic year.

Patterns Of Client Behavior With Their Most Recent Male Escort: An Application Of Latent Class Analysis, Christian Grov, Tyrel J. Starks, Margaret Wolff, Michael D. Smith, Juline Koken, Jeffrey T. Parsons

Publications and Research

Research examining interactions between male escorts and clients has relied heavily on data from escorts, men working on the street, and behavioral data aggregated over time. In the current study, 495 clients of male escorts answered questions about sexual behavior with their last hire. Latent class analysis identified four client sets based on these variables. The largest (n = 200, 40.4 %, labeled Typical Escort Encounter) included men endorsing behavior prior research found typical of paid encounters (e.g., oral sex and kissing). The second largest class (n = 157, 31.7 %, Typical Escort Encounter + Erotic Touching) included men reporting …

Obesity, Food Intake And Exercise: Relationship With Ghrelin, G. Tiryaki-Sonmez, Serife Vatansever, Burcin Olcucu, Brad J. Schoenfeld

Publications and Research

Obesity, a disorder of body composition, is defined by a relative or absolute excess of body fat. In general adult population, obesity has been associated with a diverse array of adverse health outcomes, including major causes of death such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, as well as functional impairment from problems such as osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Ghrelin is a newly discovered peptide hormone which plays an important role in obesity. It is a powerful, endogenous orexigenic peptide and has a crucial function in appetite regulation, as well as short – and long-term energy homeostasis. In the presence of increased …

The Relationship Between Tooth Size Discrepancy And Archform Classification In Orthodontic Patients, Gerard O'Mahony, Declan T. Millett, Michael S. Cronin, Mark K. Barry, Grant T. Mcintyre

Articles

Background

To determine the relationship between clinically significant tooth size discrepancies (TSD) and archform classification in orthodontic patients.

Material and Methods

Eighty teeth with artificial white spot lesions were randomly divided into four groups: (A) distilled and deionized water, (B) Nd:YAG laser, (C) CPP-ACP crème, & (D) CPP-ACP plus laser. SMH was measured using Vickers diamond indenter in Vickers Hardness Number (VHN). Two samples of each group were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analyzed with the SPSS 17/win.

Results

Reproducibility of the classification of archform was very good (unweighted Kappa statistic of 0.83 with a 95% …

A Couple’S Marital Disharmony And Its Psychological Effects On Their Children During The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya, Grace Gachanja

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

Limited published data exists on how HIV-positive parents perform disclosure to all their children. A couple’s HIV disclosure experience to all their children is presented. They participated in a larger study conducted to understand the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process. Each underwent individualized in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and transferred into NVivo 8 for analysis using the Van Kaam method. Three themes emerged including HIV testing, full disclosure delivery accompanied by marital disharmony, and postdisclosure psychological effects on the family. Marital disharmony and non-involvement of the father caused the mother to fully …

Computer-Based Video To Increase Hiv Testing Among Emergency Department Patients Who Decline, Ian David Aronson, Lisa A. Marsch, Sonali Rajan, Juline Koken, Theodore C. Baina

Publications and Research

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend routine HIV screening in clinical settings, including emergency departments (EDs), because earlier diagnosis enables treatment before symptoms develop and delivery of interventions to reduce continued transmission. However, patients frequently decline testing. This study delivered a 16-min video-based intervention to 160 patients who declined HIV tests in a high volume, urban ED. One third of participants (n = 53) accepted an HIV test post-intervention. Interviews with a subset of participants (n = 40) show that before the video, many were unaware HIV testing could be conducted without drawing blood, or that results could …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Axonal Injury, Biomarker Expression And Mechanical Response In A Rodent Head Impact Acceleration Model, Yan Li

Wayne State University Dissertations

In the United States 1.4 million people sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, resulting in 235,000 hospitalizations and 50,000 fatalities annually. Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a serious outcome of TBI that accounts for 40-50% of hospitalizations due to head injury and one third of the mortality due to TBI, and it is difficult to diagnose and evaluate. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine mechanical injury predictors for TAI and identify potential biomarkers to evaluate TAI.

In this dissertation, a modified Marmarou impact acceleration injury model was developed to allow the monitoring of velocity of the impactor …

Annotated Bibliography Of Peer-Reviewed Literature Related To The Sexual And Reproductive Health Of Young People In Nigeria (2000-2014), Population Council

HIV and AIDS

The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development’s Programme of Action identified eight components (safe motherhood, gender equity, family planning information and services, prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction in both men and women, prevention and management of the complications of abortion, prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections including HIV, elimination of harmful customary practices, and screening for reproductive tract cancers—prostate, breast, and cervix) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for all persons including young people aged 10–24. This annotated bibliography is organized with the eight components as its guiding framework with several …

Delivering Healthcare Services In Resource Constraint Countries Like Pakistan: Sustainable Options, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Tobacco Use Among Women: A Cross Sectional Survey From A Squatter Settlement Of Karachi, Pakistan, Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Nida Ashraf, Safia Awan, Javaid A. Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background: While the prevalence of tobacco use has been slowly declining in the developed countries, rates have been steadily rising in the developing countries. This has led to a rapid rise in tobacco related lung diseases among women.

Objective: Determine the prevalence of tobacco use (both smoking and smokeless) among women in an urban squatter settlement (Orangi Town) in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 19,325 females aged between 15 and 80 years in Orangi Town, an urban squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. Modified questionnaire, developed by World Health Organization WHO and Global Adult …

Dimethylsulfide Gas Transfer Coefficients From Algal Blooms In The Southern Ocean, T. G. Bell, Warren J. De Bruyn, Christa A. Marandino, S. D. Miller, C. S. Law, Eric S. Saltzman

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Air-sea dimethylsulfide (DMS) fluxes and bulk air-sea gradients were measured over the Southern Ocean in February-March 2012 during the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study. The cruise encountered three distinct phytoplankton bloom regions, consisting of two blooms with moderate DMS levels, and a high biomass, dinoflagellate-dominated bloom with high seawater DMS levels (> 15 nM). Gas transfer coefficients were considerably scattered at wind speeds above 5 m s(-1). Bin averaging the data resulted in a linear relationship between wind speed and mean gas transfer velocity consistent with that previously observed. However, the wind-speed-binned gas transfer data distribution at all wind …

Emg Analysis Of Latissimus Dorsi, Erector Spinae And Middle Trapezius Muscle Activity During Spinal Rotation: A Pilot Study, Jamie Flint, Toni Linneman, Rachel Pederson, Megan Storstad

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Purpose/Hypothesis: Rotation of the spine, a complex movement that has yet to be fully understood, occurs regularly in activities of daily living (ADLs) and sport performance. Rotation (twisting) of the spine is a contributing factor in low back pain pathology and, by reports, has been associated with up to 60% of all back injuries. One of the largest muscles of the back, the latissimus dorsi (LD), is the only muscle to attach to the spine, pelvis, ribs, scapula, and humerus, and has the potential to impact the spine during many different activities. To date, there is limited research on …

Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Josh Anderson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy and affects both motor and sensory nerves. Clinical presentation is similar among all types and results in distal muscle atrophy and weakness, diminished sensation and proprioception, and balance and gait disturbances. Pes cavus is a prominent feature. Although gene therapy and neurotrophic growth factors show promise as treatment, physical therapy remains the most viable option at this time. The purpose of this case report is to determine the effect that physical therapy may have on both physical and psychological outcomes related to CMT.

Case Description: Patient was a …

Transfemoral Amputation Of A Male With Type Ii Diabetes: A Case Study, Daniel Johnson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose. This case study is focused on the treatment of an individual with a residual limb after a transfemoral amputation. The main goal is to help provide a greater understanding of how to treat the residual limb after a transfemoral amputation has been performed.

Case Description. This case study focuses on an older gentleman who recently underwent a transfemoral amputation of the right lower extremity because of dysvacularity. The patient was obese and had diabetes which is not uncommon for patients with an amputation. Physical therapy provided care in many ways including but not limited to …

Osteochondritis Dissecans (Ocd): A Case Report, Brady Meyer

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Osteochondritis Diseccans, (OCD) is the separation of articular cartilage and its adjacent underlying subchondral bone from the articular surface of a joint. Multiple hypotheses have been put forward regarding the cause of OCD including inflammation, ossification abnormalities, ischemia, and repetitive microtrauma. At this time, there is no single cause regarding the etiology of OCD. The purpose of this case study is to describe the physical therapy interventions performed on a college athlete for non-operative treatment of OCD. To also look at the non-operative treatment that the patient underwent, and determine if treatment could delay or stop …