Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Computer Simulation, Bioinformatics, And Statistical Analysis Of Cancer Data And Processes, Kellie J. Archer, Kevin Dobbin, Swati Biswas, Roger S. Day, David C. Wheeler, Hao Wu

Biostatistics Publications

No abstract provided.

Pdgfrα Signaling Drives Adipose Tissue Fibrosis By Targeting Progenitor Cell Plasticity, Tomoaki Iwayama, Cameron Steele, Longbiao Yao, Mikhail G. Dozmorov, Dimitris Karamichos, Jonathan D. Wren, Lorin E. Olson

Biostatistics Publications

Fibrosis is a common disease process in which profibrotic cells disturb organ function by secreting disorganized extracellular matrix (ECM). Adipose tissue fibrosis occurs during obesity and is associated with metabolic dysfunction, but how profibrotic cells originate is still being elucidated. Here, we use a developmental model to investigate perivascular cells in white adipose tissue (WAT) and their potential to cause organ fibrosis. We show that a Nestin-Cre transgene targets perivascular cells (adventitial cells and pericyte-like cells) in WAT, and Nestin-GFP specifically labels pericyte-like cells. Activation of PDGFRα signaling in perivascular cells causes them to transition into ECM-synthesizing profibrotic cells. Before …

Assessment Of Residential History Generation Using A Public-Record Database, David C. Wheeler, Aobo Wang

Biostatistics Publications

In studies of disease with potential environmental risk factors, residential location is often used as a surrogate for unknown environmental exposures or as a basis for assigning environmental exposures. These studies most typically use the residential location at the time of diagnosis due to ease of collection. However, previous residential locations may be more useful for risk analysis because of population mobility and disease latency. When residential histories have not been collected in a study, it may be possible to generate them through public-record databases. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a public-records database from LexisNexis to provide …

Analysis Of Environmental Chemical Mixtures And Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Risk In The Nci-Seer Nhl Study, Jenna Czarnota, Chris Gennings, Joanne S. Colt, Anneclaire J. De Roos, James R. Cerhan, Richard K. Severson, Patricia Hartge, Mary H. Ward, David C. Wheeler

Biostatistics Publications

Background: There are several suspected environmental risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The associations between NHL and environmental chemical exposures have typically been evaluated for individual chemicals (i.e., one-by-one).

Objectives: We determined the association between a mixture of 27 correlated chemicals measured in house dust and NHL risk.

Methods: We conducted a population-based case–control study of NHL in four National Cancer Institute–Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results centers—Detroit, Michigan; Iowa; Los Angeles County, California; and Seattle, Washington—from 1998 to 2000. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to model the association of a mixture of chemicals and risk of NHL. The …

B-Cell And Monocyte Contribution To Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Identified By Cell-Type-Specific Differential Expression Analysis In Rna-Seq Data, Mikhail G. Dozmorov, Nicolas Dominguez, Krista Bean, Susan R. Macwana, Virginia Roberts, Edmund Glass, Judith A. James, Joel M. Guthridge

Biostatistics Publications

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by complex interplay among immune cell types. SLE activity is experimentally assessed by several blood tests, including gene expression profiling of heterogeneous populations of cells in peripheral blood. To better understand the contribution of different cell types in SLE pathogenesis, we applied the two methods in cell-type-specific differential expression analysis, csSAM and DSection, to identify cell-type-specific gene expression differences in heterogeneous gene expression measures obtained using RNA-seq technology. We identified B-cell-, monocyte-, and neutrophil-specific gene expression differences. Immunoglobulin-coding gene expression was altered in B-cells, while a ribosomal signature was prominent in …

Assessment Of Weighted Quantile Sum Regression For Modeling Chemical Mixtures And Cancer Risk, Jenna Czarnota, Chris Gennings, David C. Wheeler

Biostatistics Publications

In evaluation of cancer risk related to environmental chemical exposures, the effect of many chemicals on disease is ultimately of interest. However, because of potentially strong correlations among chemicals that occur together, traditional regression methods suffer from collinearity effects, including regression coefficient sign reversal and variance inflation. In addition, penalized regression methods designed to remediate collinearity may have limitations in selecting the truly bad actors among many correlated components. The recently proposed method of weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression attempts to overcome these problems by estimating a body burden index, which identifies important chemicals in a mixture of correlated environmental …

Evaluating Geographically Weighted Regression Models For Environmental Chemical Risk Analysis, Jenna Czarnota, David C. Wheeler, Chris Gennings

Biostatistics Publications

In the evaluation of cancer risk related to environmental chemical exposures, the effect of many correlated chemicals on disease is often of interest. The relationship between correlated environmental chemicals and health effects is not always constant across a study area, as exposure levels may change spatially due to various environmental factors. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been proposed to model spatially varying effects. However, concerns about collinearity effects, including regression coefficient sign reversal (ie, reversal paradox), may limit the applicability of GWR for environmental chemical risk analysis. A penalized version of GWR, the geographically weighted lasso, has been proposed to …

What Was Glaucoma Called Before The 20th Century?, Christopher T. Leffler, Stephen G. Schwartz, Francesca M. Giliberti, Matthew T. Young, Dennis Bermudez

Biostatistics Publications

Glaucoma involves a characteristic optic neuropathy, often with elevated intraocular pressure. Before 1850, poor vision with a normal eye appearance, as occurs in primary open-angle glaucoma, was termed amaurosis, gutta serena, or black cataract. Few observers noted palpable hardness of the eye in amaurosis. On the other hand, angle-closure glaucoma can produce a green or gray pupil, and therefore was called, variously, glaucoma (derived from the Greek for glaucous, a nonspecific term connoting blue, green, or light gray) and viriditate oculi. Angle closure, with palpable hardness of the eye, mydriasis, and anterior prominence of the lens, was described in greater …

Detrimental Effects Of Duplicate Reads And Low Complexity Regions On Rna- And Chip-Seq Data, Mikhail G. Dozmorov, Indra Adrianto, Cory B. Giles, Edmud Glass, Stuart B. Glenn, Courtney Montgomery, Kathy L. Sivils, Lorin E. Olson, Tomoaki Iwayama, Willard M. Freeman, Christopher J. Lessard, Jonathan D. Wren

Biostatistics Publications

Background

Adapter trimming and removal of duplicate reads are common practices in next-generation sequencing pipelines. Sequencing reads ambiguously mapped to repetitive and low complexity regions can also be problematic for accurate assessment of the biological signal, yet their impact on sequencing data has not received much attention. We investigate how trimming the adapters, removing duplicates, and filtering out reads overlapping low complexity regions influence the significance of biological signal in RNA- and ChIP-seq experiments.

Methods

We assessed the effect of data processing steps on the alignment statistics and the functional enrichment analysis results of RNA- and ChIP-seq data. We compared …

Evaluation Of Leadership Changes In Adult Primary Care, Dierdre A. Gilliam

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The goal of this study was to compare the perceptions of support staff in primary care clinics, comparing those perceptions between a clinic with charge nurses versus one with a non-clinical administrative unit manager. Staff participated in an anonymous online survey using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Rater 5X (short), which measured the three scales and nine subscales of full range leadership theory. Few studies were found in the literature which focused on full range leadership as developed by Bass & Avolio (1989). The majority of studies within the discipline of nursing focus on Transformational Leadership only, ignoring the characteristics of …

The Real Difficulty In Improving Concordance Of Clinical Practice With Guidelines, Nengliang Yao, Abram Recht

Health Policy Publications

The degree to which patient care is concordant with guidelines is widely used to assess the quality of health care. Compliance with guidelines is very high for certain cancers and procedures but not for others. For example, patients with stage I-III colon cancer routinely undergo bowel resection, with very little variation in rates between regions or institutions (1). However, assuming that noncompliance to follow guidelines reflects a failure of the care providers is not so straightforward when there are many possible treatment alternatives that have very different characteristics, especially when there is controversy about whether they are equivalent. …

Diabetes Management Before And After Cancer Diagnosis: Missed Opportunity, Nengliang Yao, Fabian T. Camacho, Askar S. Chukmaitov, Steven T. Fleming, Roger T. Anderson

Health Policy Publications

Background

Few studies have examined the management of comorbidities in cancer patients. This study used population-based data to estimate the guideline concordance rates for diabetes management before and after cancer diagnosis and examined if diabetes management services among cancer patients was associated with characteristics of the hospital where the patient was treated.

Methods

We linked 2005-2009 Medicare claims data to information on 2,707 breast and colorectal cancers patients in state cancer registry files. Multivariate logistic regression models examined hospital characteristics associated with receipt of diabetes management care after cancer diagnosis.

Results

The rates of HbAlc testing, LDL-C testing, and retinal …

Geographic Analysis Of Urologist Density And Prostate Cancer Mortality In The United States, Nengliang Yao, Steven M. Foltz, Anobel Y. Odisho, David C. Wheeler

Health Policy Publications

Context

Financial and demographic pressures in US require an understanding of the most efficient distribution of physicians to maximize population-level health benefits. Prior work has assumed a constant negative relationship between physician supply and mortality outcomes throughout the US and has not addressed regional variation.

Methods

In this ecological analysis, geographically weighted regression was used to identify spatially varying relationships between local urologist density and prostate cancer mortality at the county level. Data from 1,492 counties in 30 eastern and southern states from 2006–2010 were analyzed.

Findings

The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression found that, on average, increasing urologist density …

Validation Of The Health Efficacy And Assertiveness Scale, Lee Stadtlander, Amy Sickel, Martha Giles

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Recently, health care has required the role of “patient" to change from a receptive role to an active one. Patients' responsibilities for discussing health with their physicians require greater health assertiveness and efficacy. There is not a validated survey examining patient assertiveness and self-efficacy. This study addresses this issue.

Health Behaviors, Hardiness, And Burnout In Mental Health Workers, Jeremiah Brian Schimp

2010-2016 Archived Posters

This study addressed the connection between health behaviors, hardiness, and burnout in 223 mental health workers who completed online surveys of burnout, demographics, hardiness, and health behaviors. The results suggest mental health workers are better able to maintain their emotional energy through the cultivation of hardiness and management of stress.

Ceo Duality And Performance Of Not-For-Profit Hospitals, Anh Ngoc Pham

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Depending on their needs for enhancing and sustaining their business and market values, some firms choose to operate with a corporate governance structure of CEO duality, in which an executive serves as the CEO and the chairperson of the board of directors. This study used multiple regression data analyses of financial indicators from 146 U.S. not-for-profit hospitals selected from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database of California, for the period from 2009 to 2012. The results of this study suggested CEO duality and presence of physicians on healthcare governance were not related to financial performance of not-for-profit …

Predictors Of Non-­Adherence To Medical Follow-­Up Care Among African Americans With Hiv/Aids, Phyllis D. Morgan, Cynthia B. Banks, Joshua Fogel

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) who do not adhere to their medical follow-­ up appointments tend to have poorer health outcomes compared to HIV/AIDS patients who adhere to their medical follow-­up appointments (Lima et al., 2009). This study examined factors that influence non-­adherence of African-­Americans with HIV/AIDS to medical follow-­up appointments.

The Impact Of Centeringpregnancy Implementation, Carole Ann Moleti

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Evaluation of 6 Centering Pregnancy Group Prenatal Care cycles showed the logic models supported implementation and expansion of Centering Groups at 2 federally qualified health centers. There was adequate progress toward site approval with favorable method fidelity scores in addition to patient and staff satisfaction ratings using the Centering Counts data collection system. Outcomes in 33 participants demonstrated beneficial effects on key indicators.

Technology As A Health Intervention And The Self-Efficacy Of Men, Karen Denise Maxwell

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Mortality rates are higher for men than women. Limited knowledge exists regarding the specific components needed to design technology health tools to appeal to men. This study examined the relationship between the use of technology health tools and the role of self efficacy in men and participation in healthy lifestyle behaviors.

The Burden Of Avian Influenza Viruses In Community Ponds In California, Zin Htway

2010-2016 Archived Posters

This research was a baseline study of the proportion of influenza A virus (IAV) in urban and rural communities in California. The population was artificial recirculating water ponds in the geographic locations of rural and urban Californian communities. Surface water samples were collected from artificial recirculating ponds in California.

Development And Validation Of The Body Knowledge Questionnaire, David A. Hernandez, Cheri Ann Hernandez

2010-2016 Archived Posters

This study evaluated the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of a new instrument,the Body Knowledge Questionnaire(BKQ), which measures weight management integration—an individual’s attitudes, preferences, and behaviors associated with weight management. The BKQ has potential for use in weight management practice areas to ameliorate the global obesity problem.

Resilience: A Psychobiological Construct For Pathway Of Suicidality, Amresh Srivastava, Corelee Berlmont, Miky Kaushal, Avinash Desouza, Robbie Campbell, Larry Stitt

Data and Test Instruments

Absttract: Background and objective Resilience which is a neurobiological and behavioral construct may modulate psychopathological trajectory as a ‘final common pathway’ for suicide behavior. Since it allows people to adapt to adversity and bounce back to normalcy, treatments based upon modifcation of resilience may be a possibility. Objective of this prospective, cross-sectional study was to examine association of resilience and suicidality in individuals with psychiatric disorders attending Regional RMHC, St. Thomas and London. Method We measured level of resilience by using Connor-Davidson scale (CD-RISC, cut-off 60), suicidality by Scale for Impact of Suicidality Management, Assessment and Planning of Care brief …

Autism And The Effect Of Introducing A New Noise Source Into Quiet Rural Communities: Risk Factor From Industrial Wind Power Generation, Grace Howell, Debbie Shubat, Carmen Krogh

Data and Test Instruments

Some individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may react negatively to noise including low-frequency noise, infrasound, vibration and other environmental emissions. There are specific concerns in the Province of Ontario, Canada, related to the exposure of people with autism to the environmental noise and infrasound produced by an additional noise source, in this case from the introduction of industrial-scale wind turbines into quiet rural communities. The objective of this report is to explore the potential for effects of exposure to a new noise source on this specific and vulnerable population. There is a significant research gap regarding the impact of …

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Or Bacterial Colonization Of The Airway, What Do Probiotics Decrease?, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan, Sunit C. Singhi, M. Baalaaji

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

The Manual Ability Classification System: A Scoping Review, Deepa Jeevanantham, Emily Dyszuk, Doreen Bartlett

Physical Therapy Publications

PURPOSE: To examine the use of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and to identify gaps in the literature by conducting a thorough search of existing publications from 2006 to March 2013.

METHODS: An extensive literature search included 15 databases, using the search terms "Manual Ability Classification System" or "MACS" to retrieve relevant abstracts.

RESULTS: A total of 161 articles were identified for final inclusion. The review identified literature that supports the reliability, validity, and stability of the MACS.

CONCLUSIONS: The MACS could be considered as a standard classification for children with cerebral palsy on the basis of manual abilities. …

Ua12/4 Stall Street Journal, Vol. 7, Wku Health Services

WKU Administration Documents

Broadsides developed by WKU Health Services to convey public health information in students in bathroom stalls. Incomplete run.

Ua60/5 Wku Dental Hygiene Class Of 2015, Wku Dental Hygiene

WKU Administration Documents

Members of the 2015 dental hygiene class: Cristina Comandasu, SADHA representative; Kayla Bushor, historian; Kristen Ray, secretary; Ann Marie Adcock, vice president; Kyndall Hudson, president; Claire Warren, treasurer; Courtney Shearon, historian; Sara Brown, class representative; Lienne Shing, SADHA representative; Madison Hayden, class representative; Chelsea Howell, class representative; Erika Burke, Paige Culbreth, Hayley Daugherty, Megan Garrison, Christina Guthrie, Tori Harper, Allison McCutchen, Hayley Middleton, Kaitlyn Murtagh, Laruen Owen, Natalie Reece, Lauren Saunders, Victoria Smith, Summer Stringer, Samantha Ulrich and Rebecca Ziolkowski.

Celebrating The Life, Laughter, And Leadership Of Dr. Dale V. Hoekstra, Robert C. Schenck Jr

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Diversity, Inclusion And Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: A Study Of Nurses In The Irish Healthcare Sector, Deirdre O'Donovan

PhDs

This thesis focuses on inclusion, national culture and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) in the Irish healthcare sector. Due to the high number of migrant nurses employed in the sector, the level of understaffing and subsequent requirement for effective performance and behaviours, the Irish healthcare sector was chosen as the primnary focus for the research. In particular, the study draws on in-depth interviews undertaken with 37 nurses and midwives, from four cultures, currently employed in hospitals in Cork. Analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification of a number of findings. One significant finding concerns the identification of a set of …

Donut Hole Spring 2015, Medicare Donations & Design Committee

Donut Hole Newsletter

No abstract provided.