Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparison Of Registration Errors With Imageless Computer Navigation During Mis Total Knee Arthroplasty Versus Standard Incision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study, Edward T. Davis, Joseph Pagkalos, Price A. Price, Kelly Macgroarty, James P. Waddell, Emil H. Schemitsch

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2015 The Authors. Optimal component alignment in total knee arthroplasty has been associated with better functional outcome as well as improved implant longevity. The ability to align components optimally during minimally invasive (MIS) total knee replacement (TKR) has been a cause of concern. Computer navigation is a useful aid in achieving the desired alignment although it is limited by the error during the manual registration of landmarks. Our study aims to compare the registration process error between a standard and a MIS surgical approach. We hypothesized that performing the registration error via an MIS approach would increase the registration …

Hip Fracture Evaluation With Alternatives Of Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Hemiarthroplasty (Health): Protocol For A Multicentre Randomised Trial, Mohit Bhandari, P. J. Devereaux, Thomas A. Einhorn, Lehana Thabane, Emil H. Schemitsch, Kenneth J. Koval, Frede Frihagen, Rudolf W. Poolman, Kevin Tetsworth, Ernesto Guerra-Farfán, Kim Madden, Sheila Sprague, Gordon Guyatt

Bone and Joint Institute

Introduction: Hip fractures are a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, and the number of hip fractures is expected to rise to over 6 million per year by 2050. The optimal approach for the surgical management of displaced femoral neck fractures remains unknown. Current evidence suggests the use of arthroplasty; however, there is lack of evidence regarding whether patients with displaced femoral neck fractures experience better outcomes with total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA). The HEALTH trial compares outcomes following THA versus HA in patients 50 years of age or older with displaced femoral neck fractures. Methods and …

The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On Implant Selection For Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty, Michael Olsen, Michael Neufeld, Michael Sellan, Zachary Morison, Emil H. Schemitsch

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2015, UTMJ. All rights reserved. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is an alternative to total hip arthroplasty (THA) that preserves proximal femoral bone stock. Patient socioeconomic status (SES) has been demonstrated to impact access to care for numerous healthcare interventions but little is known about its impact on HRA when compared to THA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are disparities in SES for patients receiving HRA or THA. A retrospective database review was conducted comprising 617 hip arthroplasty patients (310 HRA, 307 THA). Patient postal code was used as a surrogate marker for patients’ SES …

Forebrain Neurocircuitry Associated With Human Reflex Cardiovascular Control, J. Kevin Shoemaker, Ruma Goswami

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2015 Shoemaker and Goswami. Physiological homeostasis depends upon adequate integration and responsiveness of sensory information with the autonomic nervous system to affect rapid and effective adjustments in end organ control. Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system leads to cardiovascular disability with consequences as severe as sudden death. The neural pathways involved in reflexive autonomic control are dependent upon brainstem nuclei but these receive modulatory inputs from higher centers in the midbrain and cortex. Neuroimaging technologies have allowed closer study of the cortical circuitry related to autonomic cardiovascular adjustments to many stressors in awake humans and have exposed many forebrain …

A Technique Of Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Using An Adjustable-Loop Suspensory Fixation Device, Shaneel Deo, Alan Getgood

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2015 Arthroscopy Association of North America. This report describes superficial medial collateral ligament reconstruction of the knee using a novel method of graft fixation with the ACL Tightrope RT (Arthrex, Naples, FL). After tibial fixation with either a standard interference screw or staple, femoral fixation of the semitendinosus tendon is performed with the adjustable-loop suspensory fixation device, which allows for both initial graft tensioning and re-tensioning after cyclical knee range of motion. This provides the ability for the graft to accommodate for resultant soft-tissue creep and stress relaxation, thereby allowing for optimal soft-tissue tension and reduction in laxity at …

Deficits In Audiovisual Speech Perception In Normal Aging Emerge At The Level Of Whole-Word Recognition., Ryan A Stevenson, Caitlin E Nelms, Sarah H Baum, Lilia Zurkovsky, Morgan D Barense, Paul A Newhouse, Mark T Wallace

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Over the next 2 decades, a dramatic shift in the demographics of society will take place, with a rapid growth in the population of older adults. One of the most common complaints with healthy aging is a decreased ability to successfully perceive speech, particularly in noisy environments. In such noisy environments, the presence of visual speech cues (i.e., lip movements) provide striking benefits for speech perception and comprehension, but previous research suggests that older adults gain less from such audiovisual integration than their younger peers. To determine at what processing level these behavioral differences arise in healthy-aging populations, we administered …

Prevalence Of Increases In Functional Connectivity In Visual, Somatosensory And Language Areas In Congenital Blindness., Lizette Heine, Mohamed A Bahri, Carlo Cavaliere, Andrea Soddu, Steven Laureys, Maurice Ptito, Ron Kupers

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

There is ample evidence that congenitally blind individuals rely more strongly on non-visual information compared to sighted controls when interacting with the outside world. Although brain imaging studies indicate that congenitally blind individuals recruit occipital areas when performing various non-visual and cognitive tasks, it remains unclear through which pathways this is accomplished. To address this question, we compared resting state functional connectivity in a group of congenital blind and matched sighted control subjects. We used a seed-based analysis with a priori specified regions-of-interest (ROIs) within visual, somato-sensory, auditory and language areas. Between-group comparisons revealed increased functional connectivity within both the …

Nicotine Receptors Mediating Sensorimotor Gating And Its Enhancement By Systemic Nicotine., Farena Pinnock, Daniel Bosch, Tyler Brown, Nadine Simons, John R Yeomans, Cleusa Deoliveira, Susanne Schmid

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle occurs when intensity stimuli precede stronger startle-inducing stimuli by 10-1000 ms. PPI deficits are found in individuals with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, and they correlate with other cognitive impairments. Animal research and clinical studies have demonstrated that both PPI and cognitive function can be enhanced by nicotine. PPI has been shown to be mediated, at least in part, by mesopontine cholinergic neurons that project to pontine startle neurons and activate muscarinic and potentially nicotine receptors (nAChRs). The subtypes and anatomical location of nAChRs involved in mediating and modulating PPI remain unresolved. We tested the …

Prolonged In Vivo Retention Of A Cathepsin D Targeted Optical Contrast Agent In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease., Jonatan A Snir, Mojmir Suchy, Keith St Lawrence, Robert H E Hudson, Stephen H Pasternak, Robert Bartha

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

BACKGROUND: Cathepsin D (CatD) is a lysosomal protease that is elevated early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously developed a Targeted contrast agent (CA) to detect CatD activity in vivo, consisting of a magnetic resonance imaging/fluorescent moiety linked to a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) by means of a CatD cleavage site and have demonstrated its uptake in the brain of an AD mouse model.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the in vivo retention of a near infra-red fluorescent dye labeled version of this CA.

METHODS: Six adult C57Bl/6 wild-type mice and six adult 5XFAD transgenic …

High-Field Functional Imaging Of Pitch Processing In Auditory Cortex Of The Cat., Blake E. Butler, Amee J Hall, Stephen G Lomber

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The perception of pitch is a widely studied and hotly debated topic in human hearing. Many of these studies combine functional imaging techniques with stimuli designed to disambiguate the percept of pitch from frequency information present in the stimulus. While useful in identifying potential "pitch centres" in cortex, the existence of truly pitch-responsive neurons requires single neuron-level measures that can only be undertaken in animal models. While a number of animals have been shown to be sensitive to pitch, few studies have addressed the location of cortical generators of pitch percepts in non-human models. The current study uses high-field functional …

Automatic Segmentation Of The Hippocampus For Preterm Neonates From Early-In-Life To Term-Equivalent Age., Ting Guo, Julie L Winterburn, Jon Pipitone, Emma G Duerden, Min Tae M Park, Vann Chau, Kenneth J Poskitt, Ruth E Grunau, Anne Synnes, Steven P Miller, M Mallar Chakravarty

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

INTRODUCTION: The hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe structure central to learning and memory, is particularly vulnerable in preterm-born neonates. To date, segmentation of the hippocampus for preterm-born neonates has not yet been performed early-in-life (shortly after birth when clinically stable). The present study focuses on the development and validation of an automatic segmentation protocol that is based on the MAGeT-Brain (Multiple Automatically Generated Templates) algorithm to delineate the hippocampi of preterm neonates on their brain MRIs acquired at not only term-equivalent age but also early-in-life.

METHODS: First, we present a three-step manual segmentation protocol to delineate the hippocampus for preterm …

Are There Right Hemisphere Contributions To Visually-Guided Movement? Manipulating Left Hand Reaction Time Advantages In Dextrals., David P Carey, E Grace Otto-De Haart, Gavin Buckingham, H Chris Dijkerman, Eric L Hargreaves, Melvyn A Goodale

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Many studies have argued for distinct but complementary contributions from each hemisphere in the control of movements to visual targets. Investigators have attempted to extend observations from patients with unilateral left- and right-hemisphere damage, to those using neurologically-intact participants, by assuming that each hand has privileged access to the contralateral hemisphere. Previous attempts to illustrate right hemispheric contributions to the control of aiming have focussed on increasing the spatial demands of an aiming task, to attenuate the typical right hand advantages, to try to enhance a left hand reaction time advantage in right-handed participants. These early attempts have not been …

Stability Of Self-Referent Encoding Task Performance And Associations With Change In Depressive Symptoms From Early To Middle Childhood., Brandon L Goldstein, Elizabeth P Hayden, Daniel N Klein

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Depressed individuals exhibit memory biases on the self-referent encoding task (SRET), such that those with depression exhibit poorer recall of positive, and enhanced recall of negative, trait adjectives (referred to as positive and negative processing biases). However, it is unclear when SRET biases emerge, whether they are stable, and if biases predict, or are predicted by, depressive symptoms. To address this, a community sample of 434 children completed the SRET and a depressive symptoms measure at ages 6 and 9. Negative and positive processing exhibited low, but significant, stability. At ages 6 and 9, depressive symptoms correlated with higher negative, …

Fusion Analysis Of First Episode Depression: Where Brain Shape Deformations Meet Local Composition Of Tissue., Mahdi Ramezani, Purang Abolmaesumi, Amir Tahmasebi, Rachael Bosma, Ryan Tong, Tom Hollenstein, Kate Harkness, Ingrid Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Computational neuroanatomical techniques that are used to evaluate the structural correlates of disorders in the brain typically measure regional differences in gray matter or white matter, or measure regional differences in the deformation fields required to warp individual datasets to a standard space. Our aim in this study was to combine measurements of regional tissue composition and of deformations in order to characterize a particular brain disorder (here, major depressive disorder). We use structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data from young adults in a first episode of depression, and from an age- and sex-matched group of non-depressed individuals, and create …

An Fmri Comparison Of Neural Activity Associated With Recognition Of Familiar Melodies In Younger And Older Adults., Ritu Sikka, Lola L Cuddy, Ingrid S Johnsrude, Ashley D Vanstone

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Several studies of semantic memory in non-musical domains involving recognition of items from long-term memory have shown an age-related shift from the medial temporal lobe structures to the frontal lobe. However, the effects of aging on musical semantic memory remain unexamined. We compared activation associated with recognition of familiar melodies in younger and older adults. Recognition follows successful retrieval from the musical lexicon that comprises a lifetime of learned musical phrases. We used the sparse-sampling technique in fMRI to determine the neural correlates of melody recognition by comparing activation when listening to familiar vs. unfamiliar melodies, and to identify age …

Ego Depletion Interferes With Rule-Defined Category Learning But Not Non-Rule-Defined Category Learning., John P Minda, Rahel Rabi

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Considerable research on category learning has suggested that many cognitive and environmental factors can have a differential effect on the learning of rule-defined (RD) categories as opposed to the learning of non-rule-defined (NRD) categories. Prior research has also suggested that ego depletion can temporarily reduce the capacity for executive functioning and cognitive flexibility. The present study examined whether temporarily reducing participants' executive functioning via a resource depletion manipulation would differentially impact RD and NRD category learning. Participants were either asked to write a story with no restrictions (the control condition), or without using two common letters (the ego depletion condition). …

Burnout At The Frontline: The Effect Of A Reproductive Health Voucher Program On Health Workers In Uganda, Carinne M. Brody, John Micheal Irige, Ben Bellows

Background: Low job satisfaction among healthcare workers in developing countries can increase risk of burnout and have a negative effect on the quality of services. Novel financing strategies such as voucher programs, which aim to increase the utilization of services by the poor by offering physical vouchers for subsidized care, may unintentionally exacerbate burnout for health care workers by creating higher workloads.

Methods: A semi-structured survey that included both closed and open-ended questions as well as a locally-adapted job satisfaction scale was used to collect information on provider perceptions of changes in job satisfaction, workload, staffing and salaries …

Geographic Variation In Antidiabetic Agent Adherence And Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Eleanora Tan, Wenya Yang, Bo Pang, Mingliang Dai, F. Ellen Loh, Paul Hogan

Touro College of Pharmacy (New York) Publications and Research

BACKGROUND: Medication nonadherence is an imperative public health concern. Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poor adherence to antidiabetic agents is strongly associated with suboptimal glycemic control. Poor adherence and hyperglycemia greatly increase diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. At a national level, diabetes drug adherence using average proportion of days covered (PDC) is estimated to range between 36% and 81%, with an estimated range for diabetes control between 38% and 47%. At a state level no such studies exist.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the level of medication adherence to antidiabetic agents and of diabetes control, and their association among patients …

Mending Broken Fences, Mary E. Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tears streamed freely down my face as I watched waves crash on the beach.

My husband put his arms around me. "For what it's worth," he said, "I'm sorry this is happening to us."

So was I. We'd been through so much in our twenty-one years together: the loss of both of our fathers and two dogs, six surgeries for my endometriosis, four failed rounds of fertility treatments, the loss of his job thirteen years prior that had placed all our financial burdens squarely on my shoulders. Despite—or maybe because of—all of these things, I knew my marriage was over.

Visual Voices Approved Consent Form, Collyn Baeder, Zoe Hull, Rebecca Masterjohn, Virginia Sedarski, Adrian Jung, Michaela A. Hoffman, Nicole O'Brien

Visual Voices: An Arts-Based Assessment of the Perceived Identity of Aging Maine Residents

Approved project consent form for UNE student project Visual Voices: An Arts-Based Assessment Of The Perceived Identity Of Aging Maine Residents, designed to investigate the topics of perception, identity, and aging.

Between February and May 2015, over the course of twelve sessions, the UNE team met with six female residents of the Park Danforth senior living community in Portland to have conversations and create art about how the residents perceive themselves in contrast to how they feel perceived by important people in their lives, such as friends, family, and healthcare providers.

This form documents the scope of the project …

Visual Voices Weekly Session Scripts, Collyn Baeder, Zoe Hull, Rebecca Masterjohn, Virginia Sedarski, Adrian Jung, Michaela A. Hoffman, Nicole O'Brien

Visual Voices: An Arts-Based Assessment of the Perceived Identity of Aging Maine Residents

Eleven weekly session scripts for UNE student project Visual Voices: An Arts-Based Assessment Of The Perceived Identity Of Aging Maine Residents. This project was designed to investigate the topics of perception, identity, and aging. Between February and May 2015, over the course of twelve sessions, the UNE team met with six female residents of the Park Danforth senior living community in Portland to have conversations and create art about how the residents perceive themselves in contrast to how they feel perceived by important people in their lives, such as friends, family, and healthcare providers.

Detrimental Effects Of Duplicate Reads And Low Complexity Regions On Rna- And Chip-Seq Data, Mikhail G. Dozmorov, Indra Adrianto, Cory B. Giles, Edmund Glass, Stuart B. Glenn, Courtney Montgomery, Kathy L. Sivils, Lorin E. Olson, Tomoaki Iwayama, Willard M. Freeman, Christopher J. Lessard, Jonathan D. Wren

Biostatistics Publications

Background

Adapter trimming and removal of duplicate reads are common practices in next-generation sequencing pipelines. Sequencing reads ambiguously mapped to repetitive and low complexity regions can also be problematic for accurate assessment of the biological signal, yet their impact on sequencing data has not received much attention. We investigate how trimming the adapters, removing duplicates, and filtering out reads overlapping low complexity regions influence the significance of biological signal in RNA- and ChIP-seq experiments.

Methods

We assessed the effect of data processing steps on the alignment statistics and the functional enrichment analysis results of RNA- and ChIP-seq data. We compared …

Catchment Area Analysis Using Bayesian Regression Modeling, Aobo Wang, David C. Wheeler

Biostatistics Publications

A catchment area (CA) is the geographic area and population from which a cancer center draws patients. Defining a CA allows a cancer center to describe its primary patient population and assess how well it meets the needs of cancer patients within the CA. A CA definition is required for cancer centers applying for National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center status. In this research, we constructed both diagnosis and diagnosis/treatment CAs for the Massey Cancer Center (MCC) at Virginia Commonwealth University. We constructed diagnosis CAs for all cancers based on Virginia state cancer registry data and Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression …

Evaluation Of The Performance Of Smoothing Functions In Generalized Additive Models For Spatial Variation In Disease, Umaporn Siangphoe, David C. Wheeler

Biostatistics Publications

Generalized additive models (GAMs) with bivariate smoothing functions have been applied to estimate spatial variation in risk for many types of cancers. Only a handful of studies have evaluated the performance of smoothing functions applied in GAMs with regard to different geographical areas of elevated risk and different risk levels. This study evaluates the ability of different smoothing functions to detect overall spatial variation of risk and elevated risk in diverse geographical areas at various risk levels using a simulation study. We created five scenarios with different true risk area shapes (circle, triangle, linear) in a square study region. We …

Proceedings Of The 2015 Midsouth Computational Biology And Bioinformatics Society (Mcbios) Conference, Jonathan D. Wren, Shraddha Thakkar, Ramin Homayouni, Donald J. Johann, Mikhail G. Dozmorov

Biostatistics Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Residential History Generation Using A Public-Record Database, David C. Wheeler, Aobo Wang

Biostatistics Publications

In studies of disease with potential environmental risk factors, residential location is often used as a surrogate for unknown environmental exposures or as a basis for assigning environmental exposures. These studies most typically use the residential location at the time of diagnosis due to ease of collection. However, previous residential locations may be more useful for risk analysis because of population mobility and disease latency. When residential histories have not been collected in a study, it may be possible to generate them through public-record databases. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a public-records database from LexisNexis to provide …

Penalized Ordinal Regression Methods For Predicting Stage Of Cancer In High-Dimensional Covariate Spaces, Amanda Elswick Gentry, Colleen K. Jackson-Cook, Debra E. Lyon, Kellie J. Archer

Biostatistics Publications

The pathological description of the stage of a tumor is an important clinical designation and is considered, like many other forms of biomedical data, an ordinal outcome. Currently, statistical methods for predicting an ordinal outcome using clinical, demographic, and high-dimensional correlated features are lacking. In this paper, we propose a method that fits an ordinal response model to predict an ordinal outcome for high-dimensional covariate spaces. Our method penalizes some covariates (high-throughput genomic features) without penalizing others (such as demographic and/or clinical covariates). We demonstrate the application of our method to predict the stage of breast cancer. In our model, …

Generalized Monotone Incremental Forward Stagewise Method For Modeling Count Data: Application Predicting Micronuclei Frequency, Mateusz Makowski, Kellie J. Archer

Biostatistics Publications

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay can be used to quantify micronucleus (MN) formation, the outcome measured being MN frequency. MN frequency has been shown to be both an accurate measure of chromosomal instability/DNA damage and a risk factor for cancer. Similarly, the Agilent 4×44k human oligonucleotide microarray can be used to quantify gene expression changes. Despite the existence of accepted methodologies to quantify both MN frequency and gene expression, very little is known about the association between the two. In modeling our count outcome (MN frequency) using gene expression levels from the high-throughput assay as our predictor variables, there are …

Identifying Molecular Features Associated With Psychoneurological Symptoms In Women With Breast Cancer Using Multivariate Mixed Models, Qing Zhou, Colleen Jackson-Cook, Debra Lyon, Robert Perera, Kellie Archer

Biostatistics Publications

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer among women. Research shows many women with BC experience anxiety, depression, and stress (ADS). Epigenetics has recently emerged as a potential mechanism for the development of depression.1 Although there are growing numbers of research studies indicating that epigenetic changes are associated with ADS, there is currently no evidence that this association is present in women with BC. The goal of this study was to identify high-throughput methylation sites (CpG sites) that are associated with three psychoneurological symptoms (ADS) in women with BC. Traditionally, univariate models have been used to examine …

Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease In Saudi Arabia, Anwar E. Ahmed, Ahmed S. Alaskar, Ahmad M. Al-Suliman, Abdul-Rahman Jazieh, Donna K. Mcclish, Majid Al Salamah, Yosra Z. Ali, Hafiz Malhan, May Anne Mendoza, Abdulrahman O. Gorashi, Mohamed E. El-Toum, Wala E. El-Toum

Biostatistics Publications

Background

There is a lack of research concerning health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Saudi patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), particularly among adult populations. The aim of the current study was to describe the characteristics of SCD patients and their impact on their quality of life (QoL).

Methods

Six hundred twenty-nine adult SCD patients who attended King Fahad Hospital in Hofuf and King Fahad Central Hospital in Jazan were included in the analysis. Demographic/clinical data were collected and an Arabic version of the Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was used to assess QoL.

Results

SCD patients …