Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A 3d Radiographic Evaluation Of Crestal Bone Changes Around Immediately Loaded Endosseous Implants, Keerthi Senthil

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this clinical investigation is to evaluate and compare the 3-dimensional radiographic crestal bone changes around 4 immediately placed and loaded implants supporting full arch fixed mandibular prosthesis in 2 groups of patients. The Test group comprises of patients with failing mandibular teeth needing extraction. ( due to caries, periodontal disease, fractures or prosthetic reasons).The Control group comprises of patients with a fully edentulous mandible presenting for fixed implant supported prosthesis with at least 6 months after the last extraction or bone grafting procedure. Stereolithographic bone model obtained from the patient’s DICOM files was used to fabricate the …

Getting To The Doctor: Bpss Factors Of Health Care Utilization In Fragile Families, Veronica P. Kuhn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The number of fragile families where a child is born to unwed parents has increased greatly over the past half-century and now represents a diverse population in the United States (Ventura, 2009). These families, who are predominantly African American and Hispanic (Hummer & Hamilton, 2010) and are more likely to live in poverty and experience poorer health, face significant barriers to access and utilize health care services (De Marco & De Marco, 2009; Williams, 2008). Limited research exists on how these facets of the illness experience might differ for fragile families whose resources are limited prior to illness. The Biopsychosocial …

Paternal Depression In The Peripartum Period: An International Delphi Study, Cassidy J. Freitas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This dissertation aims to reach consensus on the defining factors of Paternal Peripartum Depression (PPPD) as well as identify research priorities through the Delphi method. Peripartum Depression is a major health issue for parents and their children. Fathers are at risk for peripartum depression due to the changes in identity, relationship, and biology they face during their transition to parenthood. A father’s mental health plays an intimate role in the overall health and outcomes of his family, but up until this point has been significantly overlooked. Due to the paucity of research and lack of clear consensus on the identifying …

Effect Of Vestibular Adaptation Exercises On Chronic Motion Sensitivity, Danah Alyahya

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Dizziness is one of the most common complaints reported to primary care physicians. It is often associated with vestibular dysfunction and typically impacts postural stability. Motion sickness, or motion sensitivity, is stimulated by abnormal spatial orientation and is a common symptom related to dizziness and postural instability. The main cause of the motion sensitivity is aberrant sensory input from the visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of vestibular adaptation exercises on postural stability in young healthy adults with subjective awareness of chronic motion sensitivity.

Methods: Fifty healthy male and female …

Access To Oral Health For Children On Mainecare In The Lakes Region Towns Of Bridgton, Casco, Sebago, And Naples, Carissa L. Parent

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

Although we know that children covered by Medicaid often do not receive needed dental services, the extent of the problem in Maine is not fully understood. In particular, rural communities in Maine may face challenges for families to access dental services for their children given low reimbursement rates and fewer available providers. This project addresses these gaps in knowledge by examining MaineCare- funded utilization and dental care access for children with MaineCare in four rural Maine towns in the Lakes Region.

Apolipoprotein B Containing Lipoproteins Contribute To Host Innate Immune Pulmonary Defense Against Staphylococcus Aureus, Brett Manifold-Wheeler

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Circulating lipoproteins are increasingly recognized as innate immune effector molecules. Severe hypolipidemia, which may occur with trauma or critical illness, is clinically associated with bacterial pneumonia. Importantly, pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia cases. Here we report that lipoprotein deficiency impairs early pulmonary innate defense against S. aureus quorum-sensing dependent pathogenesis. Specifically, apoB levels in the lung early post-infection are significantly reduced with lipoprotein deficiency, coinciding with impaired host control of S. aureus agr-signaling and increased agr-dependent morbidity and inflammation. Given that lipoproteins also inhibit LTA- and …

R-Ketorolac Targets Cdc42 And Rac1 And Alters Ovarian Cancer Behaviors Critical For Invasion And Metastasis, Yuna Guo

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42) and Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum) are attractive therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer based on their established importance in tumor cell migration, adhesion and invasion. Despite a predicted benefit, targeting GTPases has not yet been translated to clinical practice. Based on lead identification through high-throughput screening and computational shape homology approaches, R-ketorolac is identified as a Cdc42 and Rac1 regulator, an activity that is distinct from the anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity of S-ketorolac. In this dissertation, R-ketorolac is established as an allosteric inhibitor of Cdc42 and Rac1. Studies on immortalized human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (SKOV3ip), …

Exposure Of Neonatal Rats To Alcohol Has Differential Effects On Cytokine Levels In The Cerebellum And Hippocampus: Potential Role Of Microglia And Astrocytes, Lauren Topper

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Drinking during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), an umbrella term that encompasses a wide array of symptoms ranging from neurocognitive deficits to physical malformations. The mechanism for FASD is not yet fully understood, however recently, activation of the neuroimmune system has been suggested to play a role. Neuroinflammation, characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production and glial cell activation, has been observed following exposure to alcohol during the neonatal period. Furthermore, neuroimmune activation has been implicated in alcohol-induced neuronal death and/or damage. The studies herein investigate several components of the relationship between neuronal damage following developmental alcohol …

Post-Placental Iud Insertion: A Mixed Methods Assessment Of Women's Experiences, Shannon L. Carr

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Background: Post-placental intrauterine device (IUD) insertion has the potential to reduce rapid repeat pregnancies. As the procedure becomes more widely adopted in the US, it is important to understand womens perceptions about the procedure. Studies examining patient-centered outcomes are currently lacking. Objectives: The objectives of this study include: 1) To describe women's experiences with post-placental IUD insertion through postpartum semistructured interviews. 2) To establish a mean pain score for the procedure using a 100mm visual analogue scale (VAS). 3) To assess procedural pain using a 4-point Likert verbal rating scale (VRS). Methods: This concurrent mixed methods pilot study was conducted …

Mechanisms Of Innate Immune Regulation Of Dermonecrosis During Staphylococcus Aureus Skin Infections, Moriah J. Castleman

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

S. aureus is the dominant cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in humans. The importance of S. aureus as the primary cause of skin infections has increased exponentially over the last few decades since the emergence of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, the rise of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has led to hospitals stays, increased financial burden and increased mortality. A significant proportion of MRSA infections have been attributed to community-acquired strains (CA-MRSA), specifically the USA300 isolates, which can cause deadly disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Due to the increase in antibiotic resistance and the lack of …

Trim28 Interacts With Ezh2 To Regulate Its Activity, Jing Li, Jing Li

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

In this dissertation, I discovered that TRIM28 interacts with EZH2 and regulates its activity in breast cancer cells. EZH2, the major H3K27 tri-methyltransferase, is over expressed in multiple subtypes of breast cancer; however, whether EZH2 plays an active role in breast cancer progression or treatment resistance is unknown. Here, we determined EZH2-interacting proteins in MCF7 cells by immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and detected TRIM28 with a high confidence score. TRIM28 is a transcription co-regulator with an N-terminal tri-partite RING finger, B-boxes and a coiled-coil domain (RBCC) and a C-terminal PHD/Bromo domain. Domain mapping revealed that the RBCC domain of TRIM28 interacts with …

Targeting Oncogenic Mirnas With Small Molecules For Breast Cancer Therapy, Paloma Del C. Monroig

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer pathobiology has driven the introduction of new drug development approaches such as miRNA inhibition. In order to advance miRNA-therapeutics, there is a need to develop screening strategies that can target tumors in a specific way. Small molecule inhibitors represent an attractive approach to pursue this. However, the absence of molecular structures for most of the miRNAs makes it very difficult to predict which inhibitors can bind to them. Herein we designed a strategy to screen for small molecules by assesing whether they could directly bind/ interact with miR-10b/miR-21. As part of our …

Countermovement Jump Performance Changes Over The Course Of Collegiate Basketball Pre-Season Associated With Block Periodization Model Of Strength And Conditioning Program, Nobuhisa Yoshida, Caleb D. Bazyler, Takahiro Unebasami, Stephen Wells, Zachary Whitman, Danielle Lee, Mallory Stellhorn, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Computational Analysis Of The Sir Mathematical Model For The Dengue Fever, Joseph Phillip Diaz

Theses and Dissertations

Dengue fever is a disease affecting people in more than 100 countries. Here we consider a host and vector model for the transmission of dengue fever. This SIR model consists of three compartments of susceptible, infective and removed for host (human) and two compartments of susceptible and infective for vector (dengue mosquitos). These five compartments yield five coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). After non-dimensionalization, we have a system of three nonlinear ODEs. Reproductive number and two equilibrium points are calculated for various cases. Simulation is carried out for susceptible, infective and removed and the results are presented in graphical …

The Environmental Profile Of A Community’S Health: A Cross-Sectional Study On Tobacco Marketing In 16 Countries., Emily Savell, Anna B. Gilmore, Michelle Sims, Prem K. Mony, Teo Koon, Khalid Yusoff, Scott A. Lear, Pamela Seron, Noorhassim Ismail, K Burcu Tumerdem Calik, Annik Rosengren, Ahmad Bahonar, Rajesh Kumar, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, Annamarie Kruger, Hany Swidan, Rajeev Gupta, Ehimario Igumbor, Asad Ali Khan Afridi, Omar Rahman, Jephat Chifamba, Katarzyna Zatonska, V Mohan, Deepa Mohan, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Alvaro Avezum, Paul Poirier, Andres Orlandini, Wei Li, Martin Mckee, Sumathy Rangarajan, Salim Yusuf, Clara K. Chow

Community Health Sciences

OBJECTIVE:

To examine and compare tobacco marketing in 16 countries while the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control requires parties to implement a comprehensive ban on such marketing.

METHODS:

Between 2009 and 2012, a kilometre-long walk was completed by trained investigators in 462 communities across 16 countries to collect data on tobacco marketing. We interviewed community members about their exposure to traditional and non-traditional marketing in the previous six months. To examine differences in marketing between urban and rural communities and between high-, middle- and low-income countries, we used multilevel regression models controlling for potential confounders.

FINDINGS:

Compared with high-income countries, …

Supporting Sensory Development: The Efficacy Of Sensory Integrative Approaches To School-Based Occupational Therapy, Rebecca Heilbrun

Psychology and Child Development

No abstract provided.

Frequency Of Depression In Patients With Stroke, Muhammad Adnan Aslam, Ahsan Numan, Muhammad Arif, Abubaker Siddueiq

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Stroke is a common neurological problem and the third leading cause of death in developed countries of the world. Among survivors, over 50% develop significant disabilities including neuro-psychiatric disabilities. Post stroke depression (PSD) is a common but less reported condition among survivors. Objectives: To determine the frequency of depression in patients with stroke. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Neurology, Services Hospital, Lahore from January, 2014 to December, 2014 over a period of 1 year. A total of 100 cases having stroke minimum 1 month ago, were recruited in the study. For evidence of …

Vascular Cognitive Impairment In First Ever Ischemic Stroke Survivors, Sarfraz Ahmed Mahesar, Raheel Ahmed Channa, Alam Ibrahim Siddiqui

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are highly prevalent in Pakistan. Post stroke dementia (PSD) is one of the main causes of dependency in survivors and includes any dementia after a stroke, irrespective of its cause, which includes vascular, degenerative, or mixed. Many Independent survivors have residual physical or cognitive deficits, or behavioral changes which can affect family life and have professional consequences. Study design: Cross sectional study at Department of Neurology CMC Hospital Larkana from Aug-2014 to Jan-2015 to find out frequency of dementia in first ever ischemic stroke patients, its severity and outcome. Methods: Study approved from ethical …

Audit Of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy In The Treatment Of Obstructive Hydrocephalus, Hayat Mohammad Khan, Naeemul Haq, Muhammad Usman, Ramzan Hussain

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To analyze various aspects of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from September 2010 to April 2011. All patients who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy were included in the study. Data was analyzed on SPSS version sixteen. Results: Total of 59 patients were included in the study. Thirty two patients were male and 27 were female. Most of the patients presented with headache, vomiting and loss of consciousness. The procedure was successful in 69 percent of cases. Common operative complication was …

Therapeutic Efficacy Of L-Ornithine L-Aspartate In Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy, Fadieleh Aidrus, Salma Razzaque, Afshan Siddiqui, Ajeet Kumar, M. Ishaq Ghaur

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To determine the efficacy of ornithine-aspartate in reducing blood ammonia levels and clinical improvement, as a part of treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. Material & method: A randomized placebo controlled trial was conducted in 2013 in Jinnah medical and dental college hospital Korangi Karachi. One hundred patients with hepatic encephalopathy due to underlying chronic liver disease were randomly assigned into two groups with 50 patients each. One group received three days of ornithine-aspartate infusions (trial-treatment group) and the other group received three days of infusion of placebo (placebo group). Serum ammonia was measured in both groups on day 1 and day …

Is Oral Lornoxicam Effective In The Treatment Of Acute Migraine Attacks? : A Randomized-Controlled Study, Murat Cabalar Cabalar, Selcuk Dincer, Suleyman Ozyalcin

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of lornoxicam (LNX) in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Material and Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted administering either LNX or placebo to patients who were diagnosed with migraine without aura according to the International Headache Society (the year 2004) criteria between 2010 and 2012 Results: Of 44 patients with 120 migraine attacks, 38 were female and rest were males. Mean age was 37.75 ± 9.28 years. Patients recorded using LNX in 87 migraine attacks and placebo in 33 migraine attacks, respectively. Pain intensity scores of …

Efficacy Of Memantine In Treating Patients With Fibromyalgia, Sameen Khalid, Bashir A. Soomro, Zahida Mahmood

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To evaluate the efficacy of Memantine as a therapeutic intervention for fibromyalgia. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted between October 2014 and December 2014. A total of 30 subjects with diagnosed fibromyalgia presenting to a private neurology clinic in Karachi, Pakistan were selected through purposive sampling technique. Adult patients belonging to both genders were included in the study. Patients were treated with incremental doses of Memantine. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and associations were made using Chi square test with p-value of less than 0.05 taken as significant. Results: Out of 30 patients, 2 (6.7%) were males and …

Epilepsy In Pakistan: National Guidelines For Clinicians, Fowzia Siddiqui, Tipu Sultan, Shahid Mustafa, Sarwar Siddiqui, Shaukat Ali, Abdul Malik, Zafar Sajjad, Saleem Barech, Rasheed Jooma

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders requiring prolonged treatments and drugs. According to The World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy is one of those serious brain disorders that affect not only the individual but has a deep impact on the family and society in general. Approximately 50 million people are affected with epilepsy around the world36, though proper epidemiological studies do not exist for Pakistan it is estimated that the prevalence of epilepsy is 9.99/1000. Highest prevalence is seen in people younger than 30 years of age, i.e. about 2 million people and 1/10th of the world …

Movement Disorders Care In Pakistan, Nadir A. Syed

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Earlier discussions about a professional society relating to movement disorders took place about a decade ago and were felt to be a little premature. However PSN nominated Dr Nadir Ali Syed to promote movement disorders related activities. Dr Nadir worked with patients to form a patient centered body, the Pakistan Parkinson's Society which has been quite active in the last several years.

Comparison Of Oxybutynin And Tolterodine In Treatment Of Detrusor Overactivity Associated With Upper Motor Neuron Lesions, Based On Changes In Urodynamic Parameters, Sumeera Matee, Mahmood Ahmad, Muhammad Farooq Farooq, Saeed Bin Ayaz, Noreen Akhtar

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To compare efficacy of oxybutynin and tolterodine in managing Detrusor Overactivity (DO) in Pakistani patients with different upper motor neuron lesions. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi from January to August 2015 including individuals with a diagnosis of DO as a result of upper motor neuron lesions. Maximal detrusor pressure (MDP) and maximal cystometric capacity (MCC) were measured at baseline and at four months post-treatment. Group-A was treated with tolterodine and group-B with oxybutynin. Results: A total of 60 individuals (mean age: 43.9 ± 15 years) were included. Majority (83.3%) …

Epilepsy In The Rural Areas Of Sindh: Knowledge, Beliefs And Practices, Shaheen Ahmed Mughal, Muslim Ali Lakhair, Muhammad Saleem Fiaz, Abdul Qayoom Memon

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Unfounded beliefs regarding epilepsy are still common and widespread. Visits to shrines and seeking help from faith healers goes along with thesebeliefs.This creates a major barrier in the timely diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Objective: To determine the knowledge, beliefs and practices relating to epilepsy in the rural areas of Sind and how do they differ between educated and uneducated families of patients with epilepsy. Methods: This was an observational study conducted at the Neurology Out-Patient Department of the Peoples Medical University Hospital Nawabshah during the period 1.1.2015 to 30.6.2015. A pro forma was designed incorporating questions pertaining to knowledge,beliefs …

Spectrum Of Neurological Disorders Presenting At A Neurology Clinic In Tertiary Care Hospital In Peshawar, Pakistan, Sardar M. Alam, Haroon Khan, Khatira Wahid

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To ascertain the spectrum of different neurological disorders presenting at a tertiary care neurology clinic in Peshawar, Pakistan. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted of all presentations to the neurology clinic in Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, over a period of one year extending from 1st February, 2013 to 31st January, 2014. Study population included 9386 patients from the neurology clinic over the period of one year. The age distribution of all patients was variable; the youngest patient seen was 1 year old while the oldest was 92 years of age. Appropriate history and neurological examination was conducted …

Validity Of Brighton Criteria In The Diagnosis Of Guillain–Barré Syndrome (Gbs) In Pakistan, Safia Bano, Ahsan Numan, Abubakar Siddique

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) case definitions have been developed in recent past for its quick diagnosis. However, they have not been adopted worldwide especially in developing countries like Pakistan. In this study, we validated the sensitivity of Brighton working group case definitions for GBS at Services Hospital Lahore. Methods: A total of 30 cases of GBS with available clinical history, neurological examination,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) results, and exclusion of related diagnoses were selected (2014–2015). Sensitivity of the Brighton criteria for GBS for level 3 of diagnostic certainty which requires no clinical laboratory testing, level 2 which employs CSF …

Three-Dimensional Neurorehabilitation: A Different Perspective, Ahmad Zaheer Qureshi, Randolph Mitchell Jenkins

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

The authors have narrated their perspective on rehabilitation of neurological disabilities based upon their experiences in three different regions of the globe, hence the word "three dimensional". It also reflects the need of holistic approach in neurorehabilitation. The article emphasizes the significance of impact of socio-cultural factors on disability and the way different challenges can change outcomes of the same neurological impairment in different health care systems. The understanding, perception and management of disability secondary to any neurological impairment varies greatly from one region to another across the world. Hence treatment guidelines applicable in one socioeconomic setup may not be …

Epilepsy In Pakistan: National Guidelines For Clinicians (Part 2), Fowzia Siddiqi, Shaukat Ali, Mughis Sheerani, Tipu Sultan, Shahid Mustafa, Saleem Barech, Haris Majid, Sarwar Siddiqi, Abdul Malik, Mohsin Zaheer, Wasim Akhter, Rasheed Jooma

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

In 2013 an international taskforce of the ILAE shaped out a communal definition of Epilepsy.(2) This definition is useful for all or most practical purposes, thus more helpful in management. Epilepsy was defined as recurrent unprovoked seizures i.e 2 or more at least 24 hours apart. The revised practical definition implies that Epilepsy can be considered even after a single seizure in individuals who have other factors predictive of a second unprovoked seizure, a risk set at 60%. The factors include the diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome, structural lesions like stroke, CNS infections, intraparenchymal contusions after trauma, as well as …