Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Anger And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity In A Trauma-Exposed Military Population: Differences By Trauma Context And Gender, Miranda Worthen, Sujit Rathod, Gregory Cohen, Laura Sampson, Robert Ursano, Robert Gifford, Carol Fullerton, Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern

Faculty Publications

Studies have found a stronger association between anger and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity in military populations than in nonmilitary populations. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this difference: Military populations are more prone to anger than nonmilitary populations, and traumas experienced on deployment create more anger than nondeployment traumas. To examine these hypotheses, we evaluated the association between anger and PTSD severity among never-deployed military service members with nondeployment traumas (n = 226) and deployed service members with deployment traumas (n = 594) using linear regression. We further examined these associations stratified by gender. Bivariate associations between anger …

Impact Of Sleep And Circadian Disruption On Energy Balance And Diabetes: A Summary Of Workshop Discussions, Deanna M. Arble, Joseph Bass, Cecilia Diniz Behn, Matthew P. Butler, Etienne Challet, Charles Czeisler, Christopher M. Depner, Joel Elmquist, Paul Franken, Michael A. Grandner, Erin C. Hanlon, Alex C. Keene, Michael J. Joyner, Ilia Karatsoreos, Philip A. Kern, Samuel Klein, Christopher J. Morris, Allan I. Pack, Satchidananda Panda, Louis J. Ptacek, Naresh M. Punjabi, Paolo Sassone-Corsi, Frank A. Scheer, Richa Saxena, Elizabeth R. Seaquest, Matthew S. Thimgan, Eve Van Cauter, Kenneth P. Wright

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

A workshop was held at the National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases with a focus on the impact of sleep and circadian disruption on energy balance and diabetes. The workshop identified a number of key principles for research in this area and a number of specific opportunities. Studies in this area would be facilitated by active collaboration between investigators in sleep/circadian research and investigators in metabolism/diabetes. There is a need to translate the elegant findings from basic research into improving the metabolic health of the American public. There is also a need for investigators studying the impact …

Physical Aggression, Compromised Social Support, And 10-Year Marital Outcomes: Testing A Relational Spillover Model, Kieran T. Sullivan, Lauri A. Pasch, Erika E. Lawrence, Thomas N. Bradbury

Psychology

The purpose of the present study was to test a relational spillover model of physical aggression whereby physical aggression affects marital outcomes due to its effects on how spouses ask for and provide support to one another. Newlywed couples (n = 172) reported levels of physical aggression over the past year and engaged in interactions designed to elicit social support; marital adjustment, and stability were assessed periodically over the first 10 years of marriage. Multilevel modeling revealed that negative support behavior mediated the relationship between physical aggression and 10-year marital adjustment levels whereas positive support behavior mediated the relationship between …

A Rare Cause Of Recurrent Wheeze And Seizures., Maryam Hassan,, Saher Quraeshi, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi

Department of Medicine

A 34-year-old woman presented with recurrent attacks of breathlessness and seizures. The patient's condition worsened during the course of her hospital stay, as a result of which she had to be intubated twice. Radiological studies showed a mass in the trachea and the subsequent biopsy of the mass revealed an infiltrating carcinoma with morphological features of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Plagiarism Penalties, Mohammad Wasay, Anwar Siddiqui

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Research in all areas of sciences and humanities has led to the creation of a highly competitive environment which necessitates reporting of ideas, and discoveries at rapid pace. The emergence of new technologies of communication has significantly enhanced the capabilities of individuals to record and transcribe data at high speed. Even though, one can accumulate information in a fraction of time, but quite often the creative skills and ability to write one‘s own original thoughts do not match the required level of output. Writing ideas in one’s own words is not always easy and at times it becomes quite challenging …

Serum Calcium And Magnesium Abnormalities In Patients With Status Epilepticus: A Single Centre Tertiary Care Experience, Uzma Jamil, Mazhar Badshah, Ali Zohair Nomani, Muhammad Irshad, Jamal Janjua

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Electrolyte imbalances frequently cause seizures, and these seizures may be the sole presenting symptom. Seizures are especially common in patients with sodium disorders, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia. Successful management of patient seizures begins with the establishment of an accurate diagnosis of the underlying electrolyte disturbance, because rapid identification and correction of the disturbance is necessary to control seizures and prevent permanent brain damage. Objectives: To delineate the percentage of people with status epilepticus having calcium and magnesium deficiencies at admission. Methods: The study was carried out from April 2013 to October 2013 at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan. …

Efficacy Of Memantine As A Preventive And Therapeutic Intervention For Migraine And Tension Type Headache, Sidra Sattar, Bashir Soomro

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To assess the efficacy of memantine as a preventive and therapeutic intervention for migraine and tension type headache. Material and Methods: This quasi experimental (pre and post experimental) was conducted for a period of 6 months. Patients were selected from a private tertiary care hospital setup a total of 44 patients receiving memantine, were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0 and associations were made using Chi square test with P value of less than 0.005 was taken as significant. Results: Out of 44 patients 35 (79.9%) were female and 9 (20.5%) were male which …

Etiology Of Stroke In Young Pakistani Adults; Results Of A Single Center Study, Ali Zohair Nomani, Mansoor Iqbal, Uzma Jamil, Sumaira Nabi, Shahzad Mughal, Mazhar Badshah, Haris Majeed, Rao Sohail Yasin Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

The aim of this study was to determine the demographic profile and incidence of young stroke at a tertiary care setup in Islamabad, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This single centre, cross sectional study was conducted by recruiting 119 patients of either gender, ≥ 12and ≤ 45 years of age with stroke and receiving care at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Results: Total number of young strokes was 119 out of a total of 322 strokes i-e-, 36.9 %; 1/3rd strokes were in ≤ 45 years of age. Ischemic arterial strokes were 47% (56 out of 119) while venous ischemic …

Frequency Of Non-Compliance Of Antiepileptic Drugs Among Patients With Epilepsy, Safia Bano, Ahsan Numan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Non-compliance with anti-epileptic drug treatment results in recurrent seizures and visits to the emergency departments of the hospitals has been identified as a social and economic problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of epileptic patients with non-compliance of anti-epileptic drugs and the understanding of patients living with epilepsy who presented to the emergency department with seizures. A descriptive study design was employed and the data-collection tools were a questionnaire for this study. The average age of the study population was 46 years. There was 60% males and 40% females in this study. Non-compliance of anti-epileptic …

Effective Communication Of Critical Radiology Results: The Implementation Of Panic Alert Mechanism, Mumtaz Malik, Sidrah Nausheen

Department of Radiology

Objective: To establish an effective channel of timely communication of life-threatening emergencies to primary physicians by radiology team.Methods: The observational study was conducted at Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Kharadar, Karachi. Data was collected from the log book from July 2012 to June 2013.Amultidisciplinary "Panic Alert" protocol was formulated and implemented in the Radiology unit. All radiological examinations were screened as soon as possible and panic alerts [provisional findings] were communicated to their primary care taker/relevant nursing staff, attendants within 30 minutes from the time of completion of examination. Complete log was maintained. Data was analysed on SPSS …

Donor Platelet Plasma Components Inactivate Sensitive And Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates, Chelsea M. Edelblute, Olga N. Pakhomova, Fanying Li, Barbara Y. Hargrave, Loree C. Heller

Bioelectrics Publications

Acinetobacter baumannii is an environmentally resilient healthcare-associated opportunistic pathogen responsible for infections at many body sites. In the last 10 years, clinical strains resistant to many or all commonly used antibiotics have emerged globally. With few antimicrobial agents in the pharmaceutical pipeline, new and alternative agents are essential. Platelets secrete a large number of proteins, including proteins with antimicrobial activity. In a previous study, we demonstrated that donor platelet supernatants and plasma significantly inhibited the growth of a reference strain of A. baumannii in broth and on skin. This inhibition appeared to be unrelated to the platelet activation state. In …

Health And Wellness Projects In New Mexico Native Communities: An Activity Resource Kit, P. Bradley (Ed.)

Native Health Database Full Text

This document contains descriptions of 23 projects in Native communities that promote and foster health and wellness. Despite the often dire reports on Native American health, there is much going on to address the health disparities' in Native communities in New Mexico. Includes pictures and handouts.'

Modulation Of Angiogenesis, Balamurali Krishna Ambati, Jayakrishna Ambati, Nirbhai Singh

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Patents

This invention relates to compounds, composJtwns, and methods for the treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of angiogenic growth factor bioavailability or biological activity.

Anti-Cocaine Compositions And Treatment, Donald Landry, Chang-Guo Zhan, James H. Woods, Roger Sunahara, Diwahar L. Narasimhan, Joanne Macdonald, Victor Yang, Mei-Chuan Holden Ko, Shi-Xian Deng, John J. Tesmer, Tien-Yi Lee, Young Min Kwon, Daquan Gao

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Embodiments of the invention disclosed herein generally relate to anti-cocaine therapeutics. Specifically, some embodiments of the invention relate to highly efficient, thermostable, and long-lasting cocaine esterase (CocE) mutants that can protect against the toxic and reinforcing effects of cocaine in subjects. Provided herein are mutant CocE polypeptides displaying thermostable esterase activity. Also provided are methods of treating cocaine-induced conditions in a subject in need via administration of mutant CocE as well as methods for high-throughput screening of candidate esterase polypeptides.

Sleep Disordered Breathing And Pregnancy: Prevalence And Outcomes At Delivery, Ryan Lyle Nations

Dissertations

Introduction
Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) during pregnancy is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity, and in-hospital mortality. A recent prevalence study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample reported an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence of 7.3 per 10,000 in 2013, a rate of 24% per year over the last decade. The rise in prevalence mirrors the rise in obesity. Military Treatment Facilities (MTF) have seen an increase in obesity and related co-morbidities with an unknown prevalence of SDB. Most studies have been conducted in high-risk populations; the general prevalence of SDB and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a military …

Outcomes Of Prediabetes And Diabetes Education Programs Tailored For Vulnerable Popuations, Diana Al Sayed Hassan

Dissertations

Diabetes is a debilitating disease and if not managed properly it can lead to multiple complications and even premature death. Diabetes continues to disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. The purpose of this three-paper method dissertation was to examine the implementation of a prediabetes and diabetes programs in a community setting to serve vulnerable populations in addition to understanding future diabetes-related educational needs.

The first paper is an evaluation of a shortened five-week diabetes prevention program for older adults with prediabetes or at a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chang in nutrition knowledge, eating and physical activity behaviors, …

Flow Experiences Among Individuals With Aphasia, Thomas W. Sather

Dissertations

Flow has been described as positive experiences of intense concentration, distorted time passage, and loss of self-consciousness. While flow has been reported for multiple populations in various settings, it has not been studied among individuals with aphasia. The purpose of this three paper dissertation is to examine flow experiences among individuals with mild aphasia, including environmental and personal factors associated with flow. Advocates of life participation approaches to aphasia stress the importance of interventions that support full engagement in life. Research on flow experiences and related environmental and personal factors may foster improved service delivery and outcomes for this population. …

Evaluating The Impact Of Pharmacist Health Education On The Perceptions Of The Pharmacist’S Role Among Women Living In A Homeless Shelter, Laura V. Tsu, Kelsey Buckley, Sarah Nguyen, Jennifer Kohn

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objectives: To determine the impact of pharmacist-provided educational seminars on the participant’s perception of the pharmacist’s role in providing women’s health education. Secondary objectives include the participant’s level of perceived benefit from the information provided during each presentation, as well as determining characteristics of participants who are interested in attending seminars.

Methods: This is a prospective study conducted within a homeless women’s shelter in Phoenix, Arizona. Pharmacists and pharmacy students provided 10 monthly educational seminars on topics related to women’s health. Participants completed a pre- and post-seminar survey regarding their perceptions of the presentations and pharmacists.

Results: …

Labrad : Vol 41, Issue 3 - December 2015, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Overview on Approach to Inherited Bleeding Disorders
• Diagnostic Approach to Haemoglobinopathies
• Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in Children
• Role of Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Paediatric Renal Tumours
• Role of Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Paediatric Bone and Soft Tissue Small Round Cell Tumours
• Evaluation of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) In a Nutshell
• An Update on Blood Lead Levels in Children
• Clinical Utility of Immature Platelet Fraction – An advanced 25 Parameter in Laboratory Hematology
• Meeting Report: “Les Confluences” The Society for the Study 30 of Inborn errors of Metabolism (SSIEM) Annual Symposium 2015 in Lyon, France

Today - December 2015, Loma Linda University Health

TODAY

Inside this issue:

-- Terrorist bullets shatter the peace of the holidays in San Bernardino and neighboring communities
-- Loma Linda University Health family remembers victims
-- Advancement team Christmas gathering reflects tragedy and hope
-- Media relations ream inundated with inquiries
-- Faculty and students profess solidarity with victims of San Bernardino terrorist attack
-- Flag of Hope promotes unity, peace, and healing
-- Second graders make Christmas cards for LLUMC emergency department
-- Food distribution event at Highland Springs Medical Plaze provides food supplies for local area families in need
-- Charity Navigator gives LLU coveted 4-star rating …

Utilizing Monte Carlo Simulations To Optimize Institutional Empiric Antipseudomonal Therapy, Sarah J. Tennant, Donna R. Burgess, Jeffrey M. Rybak, Craig A. Martin, David S. Burgess

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen implicated in nosocomial infections with increasing resistance to a limited arsenal of antibiotics. Monte Carlo simulation provides antimicrobial stewardship teams with an additional tool to guide empiric therapy. We modeled empiric therapies with antipseudomonal β-lactam antibiotic regimens to determine which were most likely to achieve probability of target attainment (PTA) of ≥90%. Microbiological data for P. aeruginosa was reviewed for 2012. Antibiotics modeled for intermittent and prolonged infusion were aztreonam, cefepime, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Using minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from institution-specific isolates, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters from previously published studies, a 10,000-subject Monte …

Analysis Of The Physical Activity Levels And Literacy Of Grand Valley State University Students, Sarah Haller

Honors Projects

Introduction: It’s been said that students with higher physical activity (PA) levels, tend to get better grades in school. The research behind this topic is mixed, with most regarding children, not college-aged adults. Methods: A PA health questionnaire was designed in a similar format as a survey given by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The survey was voluntarily filled out by 94 randomly selected Grand Valley State University (GVSU) students. Results: No significant differences were found between PA levels and GPA or major of GVSU students. Significant differences were found between the American Heart Association’s (AHA) guidelines for PA, …

An Examination Of Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Practice: Implications For The Future, Jenna E. Buchman

Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

Successive 1-Month Weight Increments In Infancy Can Be Used To Screen For Faltering Linear Growth, Adelheid W. Onyango, Elaine Borghi, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Cesar G. Victora, Kathryn G. Dewey, Anna Lartey, Nita Bhandari, Anne Baerug, Cutberto Garza

Faculty Publications

Background: Linear growth faltering in the first 2 y contributes greatly to a high stunting burden, and prevention is hampered by the limited capacity in primary health care for timely screening and intervention.

Objective: This study aimed to determine an approach to predicting long-term stunting from consecutive 1-mo weight increments in the first year of life.

Methods: By using the reference sample of the WHO velocity standards, the analysis explored patterns of consecutive monthly weight increments among healthy infants. Four candidate screening thresholds of successive increments that could predict stunting were considered, and one was selected for …

Intrathecal Pain Pumps For The Treatment Of Neuropathic Pain: A Retrospective Review Of The Electronic Medical Record, Kathleen Lopez Reyes

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Most patients suffering from neuropathic pain will not obtain sufficient pain relief from current recommended therapy. The present study sought to compare patients with neuropathic pain treated with intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) to those with oral opioid treatment alone via a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records. Pain scores and number and amount of adverse events were the primary endpoints of analysis. The most important finding of our study was that significantly fewer adverse events were found among patients treated with IDDS compared to patients treated with traditional oral medications. We examined the differences in recorded pain scores over …

Investigating Disparities In Behavior And Care Between Alaska Native And White Victims Of Sexual Violence: The Importance Of Culturally Competent Nursing Care, Elizabeth Danielle Koster

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Context: According to Alaska’s former governor the sexual violence issue in the state has become an epidemic. Four out of ten women in Alaska have been victims of sexual assault. The purpose of this research was to determine the existence of health care disparities in the treatment of Alaska Native women victims of sexual violence compared to white women victims and address the need for sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs) to provide culturally competent nursing care. Objective: The specific research questions addressed in this study compared multiple variables between Alaska Native and white women victims of sexual violence: behaviors during …

Common Factors In Unplanned Cesarean Section, Lauren C. Compton

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

Obstetrical delivery by cesarean section is a prevalent form of delivery. Whether clinically indicated or by maternal request, cesarean delivery rates in the United States have risen to account for over a third of all deliveries. Cesarean section procedures are often clinically indicated and occur because of fetal factors, but they can also be elected by maternal request. The aims of this study are to analyze the frequency of the factors in the study questions that are associated with unplanned cesarean section procedures and to compare the frequency of these factors per cesarean section with the time of day the …

Identifiable Risk Factors Associated With Congestive Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions, Kimberly M. Snyder

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

It is important to analyze patterns of risk factors associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) readmission rates. Today, if a CHF patient is readmitted within 30 days of their initial discharge the hospital will not be reimbursed for the stay. The aims of this study are to see if there is an association between patients readmitted within 30, 60, and 90 days of the initial discharge and to identify patterns of risk factors associated with CHF readmissions. A search of the CINAHL research database was conducted, using the key words “heart failure”, “signs and symptoms”, “readmission rates” and “comorbidities”. The …

An Exploration Of Nurse Adherence To Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Bundle Interventions: A Quantitative Study, Alexis Luna

Senior Theses

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) poses a significant health risk to patients on mechanical ventilation in hospital intensive care units (ICU). It is the responsibility of the nurse to implement VAP bundle interventions to decrease the prevalence of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients. The objective of the study was to measure nurse perception of adherence to VAP bundle interventions of oral hygiene, head-of-bed elevation, spontaneous breathing trials, daily sedation vacations, and peptic ulcer and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. A descriptive study involving a sample population of 28 ICU nurses at 3 hospitals in northern California was conducted. A 57-item questionnaire was developed …

The Scoop, Vol. 2 Issue 9, December 2015, Health Sciences Library

Volume 2

Latest news and events from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for December 2015.