Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Kaposi’S Sarcoma At The University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia In The Antiretroviral Therapy Era, Owen Ngalamika, Veenu Minhas, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

With great interest, we read the recent publication “Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected patients in South Africa: Multicohort study in the antiretroviral therapy era” by Bohlius et al. We congratulate the authors for their contribution to this field. In this study the authors observed a decrease in incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in patients treated with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) when compared to patients who are not on ART. These results are encouraging because of the ongoing HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa where KS is still one of the most prevalent cancers. Also, it is a relevant topic to study in …

Activation And Degradation Of Open Reading Frame 45 By The Replication And Transcription Activator Of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, Ying Wang, Kai Yu, Xiuzhi Pei, Tiancheng Zhang, Yuying Guo, Charles Wood, Jinzhong Wang

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The open reading frame 45 (ORF45) of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an immediate-early phosphorylated tegument protein critical for viral escape from host immune surveillance. Its expression is upregulated by the viral replication and transcription activator (RTA), a key protein that controls the switch from latency to lytic replication. We report here that ORF45 expression was not only upregulated by RTA, but ORF45 could also be degraded by RTA in a proteasome-dependent manner. The ORF45 was activated by RTA via activation of the ORF45 promoter, and the promoter region from nt 69 271 to nt 69 026 was involved. …

Single-Dose Cpg Immunization Protects Against A Heterosubtypic Challenge And Generates Antigen-Specific Memory T Cells, Alexander J. Vogel, Deborah M. Brown

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Despite extensive research, influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. Emerging pandemics from highly pathogenic IAV strains, such as H5N1 and pandemic H1N1, highlight the need for universal, crossprotective vaccines. Current vaccine formulations generate strain-specific neutralizing antibodies primarily against the outer coat proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. In contrast to these highly mutable proteins, internal proteins of IAV are more conserved and are a favorable target for developing vaccines that induce strong T cell responses in addition to humoral immunity. Here, we found that intranasal administration with a single dose of CpG and inactivated …

Long-Acting Parenteral Combination Antiretroviral Loaded Nano-Drug Delivery System To Treat Chronic Hiv-1 Infection: A Humanized Mouse Model Study, Subhra Mandal, Guobin Kang, Pavan Kumar Prathipati, Wenjin Fan, Qingsheng Li, Christopher J. Destache

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients are often diagnosed in the chronic stage of HIV/AIDS. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved quality of life for HIV-infected patients. Present study describes a novel long-acting parenteral formulation of combination antiretroviral (cARV) loaded nano-drugs for treating chronic HIV-1 (cHIV) in a humanized-BLT (hu-BLT) mice model. The cARV (elvitegravir + tenofovir alafenamide + emtricitabine; EVG + TAF + FTC) drugs (mimicking marketed Genvoy® one-pill for HIV-treatment) were encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs). To establish cHIV, hu-BLT mice were intravaginally challenged with HIV-1 and maintained for 15 weeks. Plasma viral load (pVL) was monitored …

Mutations In The 5’ Ntr And The Non-Structural Protein 3a Of The Coxsackievirus B3 Selectively Attenuate Myocarditogenicity, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Rakesh H. Basavalingappa, Rajkumar A. Rajasekaran, Hiep Vu, Jean-Jack Riethoven, David Steffen, Asit K. Pattnaik, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The 5’ non-translated region (NTR) is an important molecular determinant that controls replication and virulence of coxsackievirus B (CVB)3. Previous studies have reported many nucleotide (nt) sequence differences in the Nancy strain of the virus, including changes in the 5’ NTR with varying degrees of disease severity. In our studies of CVB3-induced myocarditis, we sought to generate an infectious clone of the virus for routine in vivo experimentation. By determining the viral nt sequence, we identified three new nt substitutions in the clone that differed from the parental virus strain: C97U in the 5’ NTR; a silent mutation, A4327G, in …

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy: An Ultra-Sensitive Tool Used To Evaluate Intracellular Antiretroviral Nano-Drug Delivery In Hela Cells, Subhra Mandal, You Zhou, Annemarie Shibata, Christopher J. Destache

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In the last decade, confocal fluorescence microscopy has emerged as an ultra-sensitive tool for real-time study of nanoparticles (NPs) fate at the cellular-level. According to WHO 2007 report, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still one of the world’s major health threats by claiming approximately 7,000 new infections daily worldwide. Although combination antiretroviral drugs (cARV) therapy has improved the life-expectancy of HIV-infected patients, routine use of high doses of cARVhas serious health consequences and requires complete adherence to the regimen for success. Thus, our research goal is to fabricate long-acting novel cARV loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (cARV-NPs) as …

Association Of Autophagy In The Cell Death Mediated By Dihydrotestosterone In Autoreactive T Cells Independent Of Antigenic Stimulation, Ting Jia, Annandurai Anandhan, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Rajkumar A. Rajasekaran, Rodrigo Franco, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gender disparity is well documented in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced with proteolipid protein (PLP) 139–151, in which female, but not male, SJL mice show a chronic relapsing-remitting paralysis. Furthermore, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) has been shown to ameliorate the severity of EAE, but the underlying mechanisms of its protective effects are unclear. Using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for PLP 139-151, we tested the hypothesis that DHT selectively modulates the expansion and functionalities of antigen-specific T cells. Unexpectedly, we noted that DHT induced cell death in antigen-specific, autoreactive T cells, but the effects were not …

Evaluation Of An Interactive Workshop Designed To Teach Practical Welfare Techniques To Beef Cattle Caretakers And Decision Makers, Reneé Dewell, Christy Hanthorn, Jared Danielson, Rebecca Burzette, Johann Coetzee, D. Dee Griffin, Alejandro Ramirez, Grant Dewell

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The purpose of the project was to evaluate the use of an interactive workshop designed to teach novel practical welfare techniques to beef cattle caretakers and decision makers. Following training, respondents reported being more likely to use or recommend use of local anesthesia for dehorning and castration and were more inclined to use meloxicam for pain management. Respondents also reported improvement in performing all skills taught in the workshop. These results suggest instructional techniques used to teach practical concepts/techniques relevant to beef cattle welfare led to improvements in both perceived competency and estimated likelihood that the material will be used. …

Spiral Ganglion Degeneration And Hearing Loss As A Consequence Of Satellite Cell Death In Saposin B-Deficient Mice, Omar Akil, Ying Sun, Sarath Vijayakumar, Wujuan Zhang, Tiffany Ku, Chi-Kyou Lee, Sherri Jones, Gregory A. Grabowski, Lawrence R. Lustig

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Saposin B (Sap B) is an essential activator protein for arylsulfatase A in the hydrolysis of sulfatide, a lipid component of myelin. To study Sap B’s role in hearing and balance, a Sap B-deficient (B^-/-) mouse was evaluated. At both light and electron microscopy (EM) levels, inclusion body accumulation was seen in satellite cells surrounding spiral ganglion (SG) neurons from postnatal month 1 onward, progressing into large vacuoles preceding satellite cell degeneration, and followed by SG degeneration. EM also revealed reduced or absent myelin sheaths in SG neurons from postnatal month 8 onwards. Hearing loss was initially seen …

Pseudorabies Virus Fast Axonal Transport Occurs By A Pus9- Independent Mechanism, Gina R. Daniel, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, Gregory A. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Reactivation from latency results in transmission of neurotropic herpesviruses from the nervous system to body surfaces, referred to as anterograde axonal trafficking. The virus-encoded protein pUS9 promotes axonal dissemination by sorting virus particles into axons, but whether it is also an effector of fast axonal transport within axons is unknown. To determine the role of pUS9 in anterograde trafficking, we analyzed the axonal transport of pseudorabies virus in the presence and absence of pUS9.

Haemorrhagic Colitis Associated With Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O165:H25 Infection In A Yearling Feedlot Heifer, Rodney A. Moxley, Zachary R. Stromberg, Gentry L. Lewis, John D. Loy, Bruce W. Brodersen, Isha R. Patel, Jayanthi Gangiredla

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Introduction: Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) cause haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. Although EHEC infection typically results in haemorrhagic colitis in all ages of human patients, in cattle it is usually limited to 1- to 5-week-old nursing calves.

Case Presentation: A 1-year-old feedlot beef heifer was moribund with neurological signs and bloody diarrhoea. At necropsy, the colonic mucosa contained multiple grossly visible haemorrhagic erosions, each measuring <1 mm in diameter. Histologically, foci corresponding to the gross erosions had E. coli O165 antigen-positive bacterial rods adherent to the apical surfaces of degenerate and necrotic colonic mucosal epithelial cells in association with attaching and effacing lesions, and also within cytoplasmic vacuoles in …

Characterization Of Newly Revealed Sequences In The Infectious Myonecrosis Virus Genome In Litopenaeus Vannamei, Duan S. Loy, Sijun Liu, Mark A. Mogler, J. Dustin Loy, Bradley J. Blitvich, Lyric C. Bartholomay

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) causes significant economic losses in farmed shrimp, where associated mortality in ponds can reach 70%. To explore host/pathogen interactions, a next-generation sequencing approach using lymphoid organ tissue from IMNV-infected Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp was conducted. Preliminary sequence assembly of just the virus showed that there were at least an additional 639 bp at the 5′ terminus and 23 nt at the 3′ terminus as compared with the original description of the IMNV genome (7561 nt). Northern blot and reverse transcription-PCR analysis confirmed the presence of novel sequence at both ends of the genome. Using 5′ RACE, an …

Mri-Compatible Bioreactors And Methods Of Using, Shadi Othman, Huihui Xu, Karin Wartella, Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi, Ian Bargar

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

This disclosure describes a MRI-compatible bioreactor that allows a biological sample to be imaged in culture without disrupting or compromising the culture.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Dextramers: New Tools For The Detection Of Antigen-Specific, Cd4 T Cells In Basic And Clinical Research, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Bharathi Krishnan, Jay Reddy

Jay Reddy Publications

The advent of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramer technology has been a major contribution to T cell immunology, because tetramer reagents permit detection of antigen-specific T cells at the single-cell level in heterogeneous populations by flow cytometry. However, unlike MHC class I tetramers, the utility of MHC class II tetramers has been less frequently reported. MHC class II tetramers can be used successfully to enumerate the frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in cells activated in vitro, but their use for ex vivo analyses continues to be a problem, due in part to their activation dependency for binding with T …

Salivary Gland Structure Of Ctenarytaina Eucalypti (Maskell, 1890) (Hemiptera) And Phloem Exudate In Eucalyptus Globulus Labillarière, 1799 (Myrtaceae), Anamika Sharma, Soundararajan Madhavan, Anantanarayanan Raman, Gary S. Taylor, Murray J. Fletcher

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The structure of the salivary glands of the free-living aphalarid Ctenarytaina eucalypti, which infests multiple species of Eucalyptus in Australasia and has been introduced into many other regions of the world, is described and illustrated. The principal salivary gland is multilobed whereas the accessory gland is tubular. 1-D electrophoresis revealed proteins of approximately 58 and 64 kDa in the salivary gland extracts and proteins of similar molecular weights in the extracted plant exudates, including phloem, from infested leaves and tender shoots of E. globulus. Proteins that could fall within this range include, but are not limited to, …

Genetic Diversity In Oxytocin Ligands And Receptors In New World Monkeys, Dongren Ren, Guoqing Lu, Hideaki Moriyama, Aaryn C. Mustoe, Emily B. Harrison, Jeffery A. French

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Oxytocin (OXT) is an important neurohypophyseal hormone that influences wide spectrum of reproductive and social processes. Eutherian mammals possess a highly conserved sequence of OXT (Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly). However, in this study, we sequenced the coding region for OXT in 22 species covering all New World monkeys (NWM) genera and clades, and characterize five OXT variants, including consensus mammalian Leu8-OXT, major variant Pro8-OXT, and three previously unreported variants: Ala8-OXT, Thr8-OXT, and Phe2-OXT. Pro8-OXT shows clear structural and physicochemical differences from Leu8-OXT. We report multiple predicted amino acid substitutions in the G protein- coupled OXT receptor (OXTR), especially in the critical N-terminus, which …

Evolution In Action: Climate Change, Biodiversity Dynamics And Emerging Infectious Disease, Eric P. Hoberg, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Climatological variation and ecological perturbation have been pervasive drivers of faunal assembly, structure and diversification for parasites and pathogens through recurrent events of geographical and host colonization at varying spatial and temporal scales of Earth history. Episodic shifts in climate and environmental settings, in conjunction with ecological mechanisms and host switching, are often critical determinants of parasite diversification, a view counter to more than a century of coevolutionary thinking about the nature of complex host–parasite assemblages. Parasites are resource specialists with restricted host ranges, yet shifts onto relatively unrelated hosts are common during phylogenetic diversification of parasite lineages and directly …

Comparison Of Six Commercial Elisa Kits For Their Specificity And Sensitivity In Detecting Different Major Peanut Allergens, Shyamali Jayasena, Mieke Smits, Daniëlle Fiechter, Aard De Jong, Julie A. Nordlee, Joe Baumert, Steve L. Taylor, Raymond H. Pieters, Stef J. Koppelman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Six commercial peanut enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were assessed for their ability to recover peanut from the standard reference material 2387 peanut butter and also for their specificity in detecting four major peanut allergens, Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6. The percentage recovery of peanut from peanut butter differed across different kits as well as at different sample concentrations. The highest recovery was observed with the Romer and R-Biopharm kits, while four other kits were found to underestimate the protein content of the reference peanut butter samples. Five of the kits were most …

Bridging Evidence, Policy, And Practice To Strengthen Health Systems For Improved Maternal And Newborn Health In Pakistan, Atsumi Hirose, Sarah Hall, Zahid Memon, Julia Hussein

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Policy and decision making should be based on evidence, but translating evidence into policy and practice is often sporadic and slow. It is recognised that the relationship between research and policy uptake is complex and that dissemination of research findings is necessary, but insufficient, for policy uptake. Political, social, and economic context, use of (credible) data and dialogues between and across networks of researchers and policymakers play important roles in evidence uptake. Advocacy is the process of mobilising political and public opinions to achieve specific aims and its role is crucial in mobilising key actors to push for policy uptake. …

Distinct And Cooperative Activities Of Heso1 And Urt1 Nucleotidyl Transferases In Microrna Turnover In Arabidopsis, Bin Tu, Li Liu, Chi Xu, Jixinan Zhai, Shengben Li, Miguel A. Lopez, Yuanyuan Zhao, Yu Yu, Vanitharani Ramachandran, Guodong Ren, Bin Yu, Shigui Li, Blake C. Meyers, Beixin Mo, Xuemei Chen

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

3’ uridylation is increasingly recognized as a conserved RNA modification process associated with RNA turnover in eukaryotes. 2’-O-methylation on the 3’ terminal ribose protects micro(mi)RNAs from 3’ truncation and 3’ uridylation in Arabidopsis. Previously, we identified HESO1 as the nucleotidyl transferase that uridylates most unmethylated miRNAs in vivo, but substantial 3’ tailing of miRNAs still remains in heso1 loss-of-function mutants. In this study, we found that among nine other potential nucleotidyl transferases, UTP:RNA URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE 1 (URT1) is the single most predominant nucleotidyl transferase that tails miRNAs. URT1 and HESO1 prefer substrates with different 3’ end nucleotides in vitro and act …

Synergistic And Independent Actions Of Multiple Terminal Nucleotidyl Transferases In The 3’ Tailing Of Small Rnas In Arabidopsis, Xiaoyan Wang, Shuxin Zhang, Yongchao Dou, Chi Zhang, Xuemei Chen, Bin Yu, Guodong Ren

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

All types of small RNAs in plants, piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in animals and a subset of siRNAs in Drosophila and C. elegans are subject to HEN1 mediated 3’ terminal 2’-Omethylation. This modification plays a pivotal role in protecting small RNAs from 3’ uridylation, trimming and degradation. In Arabidopsis, HESO1 is a major enzyme that uridylates small RNAs to trigger their degradation. However, U-tail is still present in null hen1 heso1 mutants, suggesting the existence of (an) enzymatic activities redundant with HESO1. Here, we report that UTP: RNA uridylyltransferase (URT1) is a functional paralog of HESO1. URT1 interacts with AGO1 and …

Engagement Of Undergraduate Nursing Students In Virtual Learning Environment In Karachi Pakistan, Zohra Kurji, James Mwenda, Amina Aijaz

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Aga Khan University (AKU) is implementing blended learning (BL) in their existing programs. This study reports the use of BL mode in one of the courses entitled Advanced Concepts of Community Health nursing (ACCHN), offered for undergraduate nursing students, for the first time in Karachi Pakistan. A qualitative exploratory design was adopted.The year II students of Post-RN BScN programme who were studying the course were invited to participate in the study. Data was collected by using focus group discussions (FGDs.). Students found ACCHN course flexible because of the use of blended modalities. They felt that their learning was enhanced by …

Parasitology In An Archaeological Context: Analysis Of Medieval Burials In Nivelles, Belgium, S. E. Rácz, Elisa Pucu De Araujo, E. Jensen, C. Mostek, Johnica J. Morrow, M. L. Van Hove, R. Bianucci, D. Willems, F. Heller, Adauto Araujo, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Coprolites were recovered from three burials near the Grand Place of Nivelles, Belgium. These remains yielded evidence of geohelminth parasitism. The evidence contributes to studies of differential parasite egg preservation related to the taphonomic conditions within the three burials. Using coprolite analysis techniques, parasite egg concentrations were quantified for each burial. Coprolites from the individual in Burial 122 were abnormally large and abundant, indicating an intestinal blockage. Additionally, this individual hosted an extremely high number of parasites evinced by the calculated parasite egg concentrations (Trichuris trichiura = 1,577,679 total eggs; Ascaris lumbricoides = 202,350 total eggs). Statistical analyses revealed …

Paleoparasitology – Human Parasites In Ancient Material, Adauto Araújo, Karl Reinhard, Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

Parasite finds in ancient material launched a new field of science: paleoparasitology. Ever since the pioneering studies, parasites were identified in archaeological and paleontological remains, some preserved for millions of years by fossilization. However, the paleoparasitological record consists mainly of parasites found specifically in human archaeological material, preserved in ancient occupation sites, from prehistory until closer to 2015. The results include some helminth intestinal parasites still commonly found in 2015, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms, besides others such as Amoebidae and Giardia intestinalis, as well as viruses, bacteria, fungi and arthropods. These parasites as a …

Forensic Palynological Analysis Of Intestinal Contents Of A Korean Mummy, Paulette Arguelles, Karl Reinhard, Dong Hoon Shin

Karl Reinhard Publications

Experimental studies show that pollen resides in the intestinal tract for a minimum of seven days to at least 21 days. Because of this long residence time, pollen analysis is an important avenue of forensic research. Pollen provides evidence of the environment of the decedent as well as foods and medicine. We analyzed a coprolite recovered from a Korean mummy. The decedent was a high-ranking general who lived during the 16th or 17th centuries. Twenty pollen types were recovered. These ranged from 100s to 10,000s of pollen grains per gram of coprolite. Importantly, comparison of the coprolite pollen spectrum to …

Using Visual Scene Displays As Communication Support Options For People With Chronic, Severe Aphasia: A Summary Of Aac Research And Future Research Directions, David R. Beukelman, Karen Hux, Aimee R. Dietz, Miechelle L. Mckelvey, Kristy S.E. Weissling

Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications

Research about the effectiveness of communicative supports and advances in photographic technology has prompted changes in the way speech-language pathologists design and implement interventions for people with aphasia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of photographic images as a basis for developing communication supports for people with chronic aphasia secondary to sudden-onset events due to cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). Topics include the evolution of AAC-based supports as they relate to people with aphasia, the development and key features of visual scene displays (VSDs), and future directions concerning the incorporation of photographs into communication supports for people with …

‘‘We Can Wipe An Entire Culture’’: Fears And Promises Of Dna Biobanking Among Native Americans, Roberto Abadie, Kathleen Heaney

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

This paper explores Native American perceptions on DNA biobanking. A qualitative study was conducted among self-declared Native Americans living off reservation in two Midwest cities. Findings demonstrate a paradox: Informants maintain strong hopes for the transformative power of gene-based research while voicing very particular social anxieties. Emerging genomic technologies elicit concerns over the potential for genetic stigmatization or discrimination based on race, preventing access to health insurance or employment. Frequently, social anxieties adopt the narrative form of conspiracy theories which portray powerful agents exploiting or abusing a disenfranchised population. We argue that while Native Americans do not have a monopoly …

Widespread Detection Of Antibodies To Leptospira In Feral Swine In The United States, K. K. Pedersen, K. L. Pabilonia, T. D. Anderson, S. N. Bevins, C. R. Hicks, J. M. Kloft, Thomas J. Deliberto

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

As feral swine continue to expand their geographical range and distribution across the United States, their involvement in crop damage, livestock predation, and pathogen transmission is likely to increase. Despite the relatively recent discovery of feral swine involvement in the aetiology of a variety of pathogens, their propensity to transmit and carry a wide variety of pathogens is disconcerting. We examined sera from 2055 feral swine for antibody presence to six serovars of Leptospira that can also infect humans, livestock or domestic animals. About 13% of all samples tested positive for at least one serovar, suggesting that Leptospira infection is …

ประสิทธิผลของหุ่นจำลองทางการแพทย์เพื่อการฝึกกำหนดตำแหน่งอิเล็กโทรดในการใช้คลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจแบบ 12 ลีดมาตรฐานต่อความรู้และความพึงพอใจของนักศึกษาพยาบาลหญิง, ประภาพร ต่อโชติ, กุศล เพ็ชรทรัพย์, วัชระ สร้อยคำ, สมศรี ดาวฉาย, สุเมธี ธนังกุล, สุธี ยกส้าน, สมบัติ ธนะวันต์

Journal of Nursing Research, Innovation, and Health

วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิผลของหุ่นจำลองทางการแพทย์เพื่อการฝึกกำหนดตำแหน่งอิเล็กโทรดในการใช้คลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจแบบ 12 ลีดมาตรฐานต่อความรู้และความพึงพอใจสำหรับนักเรียนพยาบาล\n\nรูปแบบการวิจัย : การวิจัยแบบก่อนทดลอง\n\nวิธีดำเนินการวิจัย : กลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือ นักศึกษาพยาบาลหญิงชั้นปีที่ 2 จำนวน 68 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการทดลอง คือ หุ่นจำลองทางการแพทย์เพื่อการฝึกกำหนดตำแหน่งการติดอิเล็กโทรดในการวัดคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจแบบ 12 ลีดมาตรฐานสำหรับนักเรียนพยาบาล เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบบันทึกข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล แบบทดสอบความรู้เรื่องการติดอิเล็กโทรดตรวจวัดคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจชนิด 12 ลีดมาตรฐาน และแบบสอบถามความพึงพอใจในการฝึกติดอิเล็กโทรดตรวจวัดคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจชนิด 12 Lead มาตรฐาน แบบสอบถามได้ผ่านการตรวจสอบความตรงตามเนื้อหาจากผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิจำนวน 1 คน วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยคำนวณหาค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และทดสอบสถิติที (Dependent t-test)\n\nผลการวิจัย: 1) นักศึกษาพยาบาลหญิงชั้นปีที่ 2 มีค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนความรู้หลังการทดลอง (x̄ = 23.16, SD = 3.65) มากกว่าก่อนการทดลอง (x̄ = 17.07, SD = 3.55) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.01 (t = -9.86, p < .01) 2) นักศึกษาพยาบาลหญิงชั้นปีที่ 2 มีค่าเฉลี่ยคะแนนความพึงพอใจโดยรวม (x̄ = 4.37, SD = 0.65) ต่อการฝึกติดอิเล็กโทรดตรวจวัดคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจชนิด 12 Lead มาตรฐาน ทดลอง อยู่ในระดับ มากที่สุด (Excellent)\n \nสรุป: ผู้บริหารของคณะพยาบาลศาสตร์ควรสนับสนุนให้อาจารย์พยาบาลนำหุ่นจำลองทางการแพทย์เพื่อการฝึกกำหนดตำแหน่งอิเล็กโทรดในการใช้คลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจแบบ 12 ลีด ไปใช้ในการเรียนการสอนเนื่องจากมีประสิทธิผลให้คะแนนความรู้เพิ่มขึ้นและนักศึกษาพยาบาลมีความพึงพอใจต่อหุ่นจำลองมากที่สุด\n

ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณภาพชีวิตในผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตา, มลฤดี ชาตรีเวโรจน์, รุ้งระวี นาวีเจริญ

Journal of Nursing Research, Innovation, and Health

วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาคุณภาพชีวิตและปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตา\n\nรูปแบบการวิจัย: การวิจัยแบบบรรยายเชิงความสัมพันธ์\n\nวิธีดำเนินการวิจัย: กลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือ ผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตา อายุ 20-59 ปี จำนวน 140 คน ซึ่งมารับการรักษาที่คลินิกจอประสาทตา โรงพยาบาลศิริราช โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี และโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ แบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคลแบบสอบถามคุณภาพชีวิต แบบสอบถามการสนับสนุนทางสังคม แบบสอบถามความวิตกกังวล และแบบสอบถามการจัดการตนเองของผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตา แบบสอบถามทั้งหมดผ่านการตรวจสอบความตรงตามเนื้อหาโดยผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ 5 คน มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์อัลฟ่าของครอนบาคเท่ากับ .90, .90, .90 และ .71 ตามลำดับ วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยหาค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์แบบอีต้า สเปียร์แมน และเพียร์สัน\n \nผลการวิจัย: 1. คุณภาพชีวิตโดยรวมของผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตาอยู่ในระดับดีมาก (x̄ = 3.52, SD = 0.71) 2. เพศและอายุไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตา (p > .05) 3. การมีภาวะแทรกซ้อนเรื้อรังโรคเบาหวานมีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05(η = .52) 4. ระดับการมองเห็น ระดับความรุนแรงของภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตา และความวิตกกังวลมีความสัมพันธ์ทางลบกับคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 (ρ = -.44, ρ = -.37 และ r = -.79 ตามลำดับ) 5. การสนับสนุนทางสังคมและการจัดการตนเองที่เกี่ยวกับโรคเบาหวานมีความสัมพันธ์ทางบวกกับคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05(r = 0.72 และ r = 0.53 ตามลำดับ)\n\nสรุป: พยาบาลควรคำนึงถึงปัจจัยด้าน ภาวะแทรกซ้อนเรื้อรังโรคเบาหวาน ระดับการมองเห็น ระดับความรุนแรงของภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตา ความวิตกกังวล การสนับสนุนทางสังคม และการจัดการตนเองที่เกี่ยวกับโรคเบาหวาน ในการวางแผนจัดกิจกรรมการพยาบาลให้แก่ผู้ป่วยภาวะเบาหวานขึ้นจอประสาทตาเพื่อส่งเสริมคุณภาพชีวิตผู้ป่วยต่อไป\n