Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Childbirth And Hiv, A Comprehensive Study Of South African Women, Karen Duke, Dr. Lynn Callister

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The birthing time is often one of great joy and anticipation, and is a significant juncture in any woman’s life. What is said and done for a woman during this intense time period can be critical in either improving a woman’s experience and ability to mother, or destroying it.

White Paper On Pcbs In The Built Environment, Andre Barton Ashley Jr., Cheryl Marcham, Et Al.

Publications

Dr. Marcham was part of the 9-member team that wrote this paper. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of man-made chemicals associated with a potential risk to human health and the environment. They were used in many building materials, particularly caulking, grout, expansion joint material and paint, from approximately 1950 to 1978. Both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) have published extensive material evaluating human health impacts from exposure to PCBs. The apparent public health risks, including developmental effects in children, reproductive effects and long-term risks for cancer development, have …

Incidence And Management Of Rhinosinusitis After Complex Orbitofacial Reconstruction, Wiliam Parkes, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Presentations and Grand Rounds

Objective:

To discuss the incidence and management of rhinosinusitis after complex orbitofacial reconstruction.

A Tale Of Two Needles, Chengyi Liu

SURGE

Looking back, I guess the name should have been my first clue. “Alternative” medicine? “Complementary” medicine? What is it about these medical practices, which to me are completely traditional, that places them in a secondary position to other medicinal options in the United States? [excerpt]

Crime And Public Health: Interdisciplinary Approach To Education, Karen Miner-Romanoff, Leslie J. King

Scholarship Forum 2013

Dr. Karen Miner-Romanoff and Dr. Leslie King state that although crime rates have decreased in the last several years, they remain alarmingly high. Recidivism rates, in the meantime, continue to rise with up to half of all new prison inmates incarcerated for reoffending after their initial release (Matz, et al., 2012). As the costs of a failed criminal justice system becomes unsustainable, scholars search for new evidence-based, innovative and collaborative solutions to lower crime and increased public health and safety. As a result of this collaboration, some criminal justice and public health leaders are seeking to develop new theoretical and …

Beyond Codes: Translating Genetics To Nursing Practice, Rachel Choudhury

Scholarship Forum 2013

Genetics in nursing practice has moved beyond the study of genes and heredity and now includes genomics, which considers both genetic and environmental causes of diseases across the lifespan. The National Coalition of Health Professionals in Genetic Education (NCHPEG) developed core competence frameworks required of nurses in the area of genetics and genomics. This shift in nursing practice has potential implications for baccalaureate-prepared nurses to have the foundation in genetic and genomic knowledge and skills. Nursing research studies have shown that a link exists between self-efficacy and acquisition of competencies. These studies also suggest that enhancing nursing student’s self-efficacy can …

Advanced Technologies: Health Care Anytime... Anywhere?, Danielle Hart, John Pilutti, Leslie J. King

Scholarship Forum 2013

Advanced technology in the medical profession has had a significant impact on the access, efficiency, and cost of health care delivery services over the past decade. Technological advancements in the medical profession can be bucketed into two main categories: mobile and biological/physiological. Some examples of mobile technology include web apps that can monitor a patient’s vital signs remotely and mobile phone attachments that can provide medical imaging data for doctors in the most remote areas of the globe. Remote patient monitoring and the use of mobile health apps to deliver timely, useful information to the patient about their health decision …

Impact Of Treatment Response Metrics On Photodynamic Therapy Planning And Outcomes In A Three-Dimensional Model Of Ovarian Cancer, Sriram Anbil, Imran Rizvi, Jonathan P. Celli, Nermina Alagic, Brian W. Pogue, Tayyaba Hasan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Common methods to characterize treatment efficacy based on morphological imaging may misrepresent outcomes and exclude effective therapies. Using a three-dimensional model of ovarian cancer, two functional treatment response metrics are used to evaluate photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy: total volume, calculated from viable and nonviable cells, and live volume, calculated from viable cells. The utility of these volume-based metrics is corroborated using independent reporters of photodynamic activity: viability, a common fluorescence-based ratiometric analysis, and photosensitizer photobleaching, which is characterized by a loss of fluorescence due in part to the production of reactive species during PDT. Live volume correlated with both photobleaching …

Anti-Malarial Drug Availability And Self-Medication Practice Contributions To Chloroquine Resistant Plasmodium Falciparum In Mampong-Asante, Ghana, - -

Journal of Undergraduate Research

As one million people die from malaria, while 200-300 million more are infected every year, malaria is recognized by both health providers and by the general public as a major global problem which should be high on the list of the priorities of local health officials.

Prostate Cancer Stem Cell-Targeted Efficacy Of A New-Generation Taxoid, Sbt-1214 And Novel Polyenolic Zinc-Binding Curcuminoid, Cmc2.24, Galina I. Botchkina, Edison S. Zuniga, Rebecca H. Rowehl, Rosa Park, Rahuldev Bhalla, Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Francis Johnson, Lorne M. Golbu, Yu Zhang, Iwao Ojima, Kenneth R. Shroyer

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men. Multiple evidence suggests that a population of tumor-initiating, or cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for cancer development and exceptional drug resistance, representing a highly important therapeutic target. The present study evaluated CSC-specific alterations induced by new-generation taxoid SBT-1214 and a novel polyenolic zinc-binding curcuminoid, CMC2.24, in prostate CSCs.

Principal Findings

The CD133high/CD44high phenotype was isolated from spontaneously immortalized patient-derived PPT2 cells and highly metastatic PC3MM2 cells. Weekly treatment of the NOD/SCID mice bearing PPT2- and PC3MM3-induced tumors with the SBT-1214 led to dramatic suppression of tumor …

Providing Outreach And Enrollment Assistance: Lessons Learned From Community Health Centers In Massachusetts, Julia Paradise, Sara J. Rosenbaum, Peter Shin, Jessica Sharac, Carmen Alvarez, Julia Zur, Leighton Ku

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

In 2006, major health care reform legislation was enacted in Massachusetts. In many ways a prototype for the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the Massachusetts law required nearly all state residents to obtain health insurance, and made insurance accessible and affordable by reforming the health insurance market and providing subsidies for coverage through expansions of Medicaid and CHIP and a new program for low-income adults who are not eligible for Medicaid, known as Commonwealth Care. The law also created the “Connector,” which, like the ACA’s health insurance Marketplaces, is designed to facilitate and simplify access to insurance for individuals, families, and …

Learner-Based Teaching In Hospice And Palliative Care, Paul D. Longenecker

Health and Sport Sciences Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Reaching Out To The ‘Hd Family’ At The World Congress On Huntington's Disease, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Regulates Cellular Cholesterol Metabolism And Cell Signaling Associated With Breast Cancer Development., Christiane Danilo, Jorge L Gutierrez-Pajares, Maria Antonietta Mainieri, Isabelle Mercier, Michael P. Lisanti, Philippe G. Frank

Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have identified cholesterol as an important regulator of breast cancer development. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its cellular receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) have both been implicated in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis, but their functions in cancer remain to be established.

METHODS: In the present study, we have examined the role of HDL and SR-BI in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways in breast cancer cell lines and in the development of tumor in a mouse xenograft model.

RESULTS: Our data show that HDL is capable of stimulating migration and can activate signal …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• 2013 Karl E. Peace Award Winner

Consistent Surgeon Evaluations Of Three-Dimensional Rendering Of Pet/Ct Scans Of The Abdomen Of A Patient With A Ductal Pancreatic Mass., Matthew E Wampole, John C Kairys, Edith P Mitchell, Martha L Ankeny, Mathew L Thakur, Eric Wickstrom

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Two-dimensional (2D) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) are used for diagnosis and evaluation of cancer patients, requiring surgeons to look through multiple planar images to comprehend the tumor and surrounding tissues. We hypothesized that experienced surgeons would consistently evaluate three-dimensional (3D) presentation of CT images overlaid with PET images when preparing for a procedure. We recruited six Jefferson surgeons to evaluate the accuracy, usefulness, and applicability of 3D renderings of the organs surrounding a malignant pancreas prior to surgery. PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT abdominal scans of a patient with a ductal pancreatic mass were segmented into 3D …

Melanoma Biomolecules: Independently Identified But Functionally Intertwined, Danielle E. Dye, Sandra Medic, Mel R. Ziman Dr, Deirdre R. Coombe

Research outputs 2013

The majority of patients diagnosed with melanoma present with thin lesions and generally these patients have a good prognosis. However, 5% of patients with early melanoma (thick) will have recurrence and die within 10 years, despite no evidence of local or metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. Thus, there is a need for additional prognostic markers to help identify those patients that may be at risk of recurrent disease. Many studies and several meta-analyses have compared gene and protein expression in melanocytes, naevi, primary, and metastatic melanoma in an attempt to find informative prognostic markers for these patients. However, …

What's Happening: September 23, 2013, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Role Of Endothelial To Mesenchymal Transition In The Pathogenesis Of The Vascular Alterations In Systemic Sclerosis., Sergio A Jimenez

Scleroderma Center Faculty Papers

The pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is extremely complex, and despite extensive studies, the exact mechanisms involved are not well understood. Numerous recent studies of early events in SSc pathogenesis have suggested that unknown etiologic factors in a genetically receptive host trigger structural and functional microvascular endothelial cell abnormalities. These alterations result in the attraction, transmigration, and accumulation of immune and inflammatory cells in the perivascular tissues, which in turn induce the phenotypic conversion of endothelial cells and quiescent fibroblasts into activated myofibroblasts, a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition or EndoMT. The activated myofibroblasts are the effector cells …

Determining Who Responds Better To A Computer Vs. Human-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention: Results From The Community Health Advice By Telephone (Chat) Trial, Eric B. Hekler, Matthew P. Buman, Jennifer Otten, Cynthia M. Castro, Lauren Grieco, Bess Marcus, Robert H. Friedman, Melissa A. Napolitano, Abby C. King

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background

Little research has explored who responds better to an automated vs. human advisor for health behaviors in general, and for physical activity (PA) promotion in particular. The purpose of this study was to explore baseline factors (i.e., demographics, motivation, interpersonal style, and external resources) that moderate intervention efficacy delivered by either a human or automated advisor.

Methods

Data were from the CHAT Trial, a 12-month randomized controlled trial to increase PA among underactive older adults (full trial N = 218) via a human advisor or automated interactive voice response advisor. Trial results indicated significant increases in PA in both …

Trends In Youth Victimization And Well-Being, And Implications For Youth Policy, Lisa M. Jones, David Finkelhor, Rashmi Nair, Michelle Collett

New England Journal of Public Policy

Youth victimization concerns have engaged educators, public health officials, and the media for many years. Cases of child victimization regularly make headlines, and in recent years public concern has focused in particular on sexual abuse, child abductions, online predators, school shootings, bullying, and cyberbullying. But little attention has been given to evidence for substantial declines in child victimizations over the past 20 years. Even for internet victimization, an area of high current public anxiety, trend data do not suggest a growing epidemic but instead find that some types of online victimization have declined over the past decade.

The failure to …

Food Insecurity Among Children In Massachusetts, Stephanie Ettinger De Cuba, Deborah A. Frank, Maya Pilgrim, Maria Buitrago, Anna Voremberg, Harris Rollinger, Denise A. Hines

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article focuses on the prevalence among Massachusetts children and families of food insecurity, inadequate access to enough nutritious food for an active and healthy life. It summarizes research findings on the association of food insecurity with less optimal children’s health and development from the prenatal period through adolescence. Food insecurity also correlates with other material hardships, such as housing and energy insecurity. Data show families’ participation in public nutrition and other assistance program is associated with decreased prevalence of food insecurity and with mitigation of its impact on children’s health and well-being. The article concludes with recommendations for policy …

Online Predators: Myth Versus Reality, Janis Wolak, Lindsey Evans, Stephanie Nguyen, Denise A. Hines

New England Journal of Public Policy

Media stories about “online predators” who use the Internet to gain access to young victims often give inaccurate impressions of Internet-initiated sex crimes. Most such crimes involve adult men who use the Internet to meet and seduce adolescents into sexual encounters. Most offenders are open about their ages and sexual motivations. Most are charged with statutory rape (i.e., nonforcible sexual activity with victims who are too young to consent). Internet-initiated sex crimes account for a salient but small proportion of all statutory rape offenses and a relatively low number of the sexual offenses committed against minors overall. Victims are often …

Children And Homelessness In Massachusetts, Donna Haig Friedman, Katherine Calano, Marija Bingulac, Christine Miller, Alisa Zeliger

New England Journal of Public Policy

In Massachusetts, more than half a million children (15% of all children) live in poverty, 30% of all children live with parents who lack secure employment, and 41% live in households with high housing cost burdens. This article examines the root causes of poverty and its links to child homelessness in the state. Though the state has a long-standing progressive political legacy, the well-being of low-income families with children continues to decline. The article offers evidence about the extent of child homelessness and its profound effects on Massachusetts children and youth. The interconnectedness of what are usually thought of as …

Modulation Of The Effects Of Lung Immune Response On Bone Marrow By Oral Antigen Exposure, Pedro Xavier-Elsas, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, L. Pinto, Túlio Queto, Bruno Marques Vieira, M. G. Aramha, Bianca De Luca, Daniela Masid-De-Brito, R. A. Luz, R. S. Lopes, R. Ferreira, Maria Ignez C. Gaspar-Elsas

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Allergic airway inflammation is attenuated by oral tolerization (oral exposure to allergen, followed by conventional sensitization and challenge with homologous antigen), which decreases airway allergen challenge-induced eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs and bone marrow eosinophilia. We examined its effects on bone marrow eosinophil and neutrophil production. Mice of wild type (BP-2, BALB/c, and C57BL/6) and mutant strains (lacking iNOS or CD95L) were given ovalbumin (OVA) or water (vehicle) orally and subsequently sensitized and challenged with OVA (OVA/OVA/OVA and H2O/OVA/OVA groups, resp.). Anti-OVA IgG and IgE, bone marrow eosinophil and neutrophil numbers, and eosinophil and neutrophil production ex vivo were evaluated. …

Are Health Education Journals Following Similar Trends Of Increased Use Of Statistical Methods Observed In Other Health-Related Journals?, Julianne Stoddard, Dr. Ray Merrill

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations. Health educators use epidemiological statistics to understand the nature of human disease. These statistics are also used to determine how disease is transmitted throughout the community. This knowledge is imperative to identify at risk populations and to assess the needs of that population. Once the needs of the community are established, health educators are then responsible to develop effective programs and health education to meet those needs.

Monitoring Compliance With The International Code Of Marketing Of Breast Milk Substitutes In The Sekyere West District Of Ghana, Julie Hurt, Dr. Kirk Dearden

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A variety of elements influence infant feeding practice in Ghana. These include the public advertising of breast milk substitutes, cultural traditions, educational opportunities, accessibility of educational information, time available, and several perceived options of breastfeeding.1 The World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes in 1981 to ensure the proper use and marketing of breast milk substitutes. The Code also emphasizes the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for an infant’s first six months. Studies show that closer adherence to the Code correlates with smaller family size, increased maternal education, and higher breastfeeding promotion in health …

Broken And Contrite, Brigette Petersen Karlsven, Shani Michelle Robinson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I chose to do a creative research project to enhance my experience here at Brigham Young University and to help me to be more qualified and prepared once I live this University. I am a dance major and wanted to use the art of dance to communicate with an uneducated audience, of my testimony of the Savior, as well as my dancers.

Ari On The Altiplano Of Bolivia Acute Respiratory Infections In Children Under Five, Jonathan Hansen, Dr. Kirk Dearden

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Although there were many complications during the internship and research experience, which impeded the study’s progress, much of the preparatory work for the study was completed before departure. Before arrival in Bolivia we had basic surveys written and translated to Spanish. We had spent some time discussing the potential influences on how children receive medical intervention for ARI in El Alto, a local suburb of La Paz where the research was conducted.

Developing Physical And Economic Health In Rural India, Jordan Ash, Dr. Randy Page

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The well-intended efforts to promote health education in destitute countries often focus on rallying support for programs. With large goals to reach more people, two vital topics receive inadequate attention: the quality of the education provided and methods to evaluate the success of the program.