Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Quality Of Life Perceptions Of Caregivers Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities In The United States And The Czech Republic, Milan Valenta, Jan Michalík, Sharon Raver-Lampman, Anne Michalek

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Caregivers of individuals with disabilities in the United States have been reported to experience additional hardships than families with typical children as they attempt to balance family and work (Parish, Rose, Grinstein-Weiss, Richman, & Andrews, 2008). In this study, 31 caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities from the United States and 225 from the Czech Republic completed a qualitative quality of life survey. Similarities in the two groups were found in reported gains and losses from caregiving responsibilities. Differences in perceived spirituality, personal sense of peace and serenity, life optimism, ability to rejoice in life, personal life perspective, health, financial …

Reduction Of Stress, Depression And Overweight By Awareness Of Problems In Thai Medical Students, Srinakharinwirot University, K Kongsomboon, D. Pattarathitinan

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Objective : To determine the effect of awareness in reducing the stress, depression and overweight in medical students of Srinakharinwirot University. Design : Cohort study. Materials and Methods : All 646 medical students of Srinakharinwirot University were recruited, and the response rate was 86%. The study was done from September 2007 to March 2008. Each participant was evaluated at twice; at the end of the first and second semester. The diagnostic screening test for depression was from the Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand and the stress test of Suanprung Hospital, Thailand. After evaluation at the end …

Mentorship Programs For Faculty Development In Academic General Pediatric Divisions, Jennifer Takagishi, Sharon Dabrow

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Introduction. Mentoring relationships have been shown to support academicians in areas of research, work/life balance, and promotion. Methods. General pediatric division chiefs accessed an electronic survey asking about mentorship relationships, their ability to create a mentorship program, and resources needed. Results. Dyadic mentorship programs were available at 53% of divisions. Peer mentorship programs were available at 27% of divisions. Overall, 84% of chiefs believed that dyadic mentorship would benefit their faculty. 91% of chiefs believed that peer mentorship would benefit their faculty. Chiefs were interested in starting peer (57%) or dyadic (55%) mentorship programs. Few divisions had …

Mesalamine-Induced Myocarditis And Coronary Vasculitis In A Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Patient: A Case Report, Elimarys Perez-Colon, Gul H. Dadlani, Ivan Wilmot, Michelle Miller

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Mesalamine-containing products are often a first-line treatment for ulcerative colitis. Severe adverse reactions to these products, including cardiovascular toxicity, are rarely seen in pediatric patients. We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis treated with Asacol, a mesalamine-containing product, who developed sudden onset chest pain after four weeks on therapy. Serial electrocardiograms showed nonspecific ST segment changes, an echocardiogram showed mildly decreased left ventricular systolic function with mild to moderate left ventricular dilation and coronary ectasia, and his troponins were elevated. Following Asacol discontinuation, his chest pain resolved, troponins were trending towards normal, left ventricular systolic function …

Isoniazid-Induced Severe Hepatotoxicity: An Infrequent But Preventable Cause Of Liver Failure In Children Treated For Latent Tuberculosis Infection, Dan Desrochers, Regino P. González-Peralta, Daniel T. Mcclenathan, Michael J. Wilsey Jr, Allah Haafiz

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Isoniazid (INH) monotherapy has gained widespread acceptance as an efficacious therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) especially in low-prevalence settings. Although INH related hepatotoxicity is well recognized, progression to severe liver dysfunction requiring care at a transplant center remains unpredictable. We report the management of a five year-old girl who developed progressive liver failure due to INH prophylaxis. This highlights the potential severity of INH related hepatic injury and underscores the significance of vigilant clinical monitoring throughout the duration of the therapy in children.

"Knowing Myself First": Feasibility Of Self-Testing Among Health Workers In Kenya, Sam Kalibala, Waimar Tun, William Muraah, Peter Cherutich, Erick Oweya, Patricia Oluoch

HIV and AIDS

Report of a study exploring the feasibility and acceptability of free HIV home self-testing among health workers in Kenya, within the range of other HIV testing options available.

Prevalence Of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men And Injecting Drug Users And Validation Of Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interview (Acasi) Technique In Abuja, Lagos, And Ibadan, Nigeria: Report Fact Sheet, Enhancing Nigeria's Hiv/Aids Response (Enr) Programme

HIV and AIDS

Most-at-risk populations (MARPS), including men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs), represent only 1 percent of Nigeria’s population yet account for 38 percent of new HIV infections. Despite their elevated risk, MSM and IDUs are less likely than the general population to access HIV prevention and sexual health services because of stigmatization. There is a dearth of data on prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM and IDUs because their behaviors make them difficult to be reached programmatically and engaged in research. While the need for HIV and STI prevalence data is …

Continuing Medical Education And Pharmaceutical Industry, Farhan Saeed Vakani, Wasim Jafri, Almas Amin, Mughis Sheerani

Department of Continuing Professional Education

Continuing medical education providers' (academia) and industrial relationship is drawing attention all over the world. To date, there are no national commercial support guidelines available in Pakistan to properly regulate cooperation between the two distinct entities. However, the fact is that the future of all continuing medical education depends on pharmaceutical support and the providers are heavily dependent on the pharmaceutical industry to remain in action. It should always be remembered that medical education and profession is regarded as a moral of enterprise based on a blind faith between the physician and the patient. The funding support by the industry …

Polyethylenimine-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles: Gene Transfer Potential And Low Toxicity In The Cornea, Ajay Sharma, Ashish Tandon, Jonathan C. K. Tovey, Rangan Gupta, J. David Robertson, Jennifer A. Fortune, Alexander M. Klibanov, John W. Cowden, Frank G. Rieger, Rajiv R. Mohan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This study examined the gene transfer efficiency and toxicity of 2-kDa polyethylenimine conjugated to gold nanoparticles (PEI2-GNP) in the human cornea in vitro and rabbit cornea in vivo. PEI2-GNP with nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratios of up to 180 exhibited significant transgene delivery in the human cornea without altering the viability or phenotype of these cells. Similarly, PEI2-GNP applied to corneal tissues collected after 12 h, 72 h, or 7 days exhibited appreciable gold uptake throughout the rabbit stroma with gradual clearance of GNP over time. Transmission electron microscopy detected GNP in the keratocytes and the extracellular matrix of the rabbit corneas. …

Review Of The Multi-Level Factors Contributing To Fruit And Vegetable Consumption In The U.S., Qi Zhang, Liuliu Fu

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) has a significant protective effect in reducing various cardiometabolic diseases. In recent years, the U.S. government has made a lot of effort to promote F&V consumption through different projects and programs, including the MyPyramid food guidance system supported by the USDA’s Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, and the Fruits & Veggies More Matters program (previously called the 5-A-Day for Better Health program), supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other public and private agencies. However, modest success has been achieved in promoting healthy diets among the American public. …

A Ten-Year Review Of Neonatal Bloodstream Infections In A Tertiary Private Hospital In Kenya, Ruchika Kohli-Kochhar, Geoffrey Omuse, Gunturu Revathi

Pathology, East Africa

Introduction: Neonatal mortality in developing countries is usually due to an infectious cause. The gold standard of investigation in developing countries is a positive blood culture. It is important to know the aetiology of neonatal bloodstream infections so that empiric treatment can be effective.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective clinical audit over ten years between January 2000 until December 2009, looking at the aetiology of both early and late onset neonatal sepsis. We analysed data from 152 (23%) patient isolates out of 662 suspected cases of neonatal sepsis.

Results: Our study revealed that Gram-positive organisms were the predominant cause of …

Malaria Rapid Testing By Community Health Workers Is Effective And Safe For Targeting Malaria Treatment: Randomised Cross-Over Trial In Tanzania, M. Mubi, A. Janson, M. Warsame, A. Martensson, K. Kallander, M.G. Petzold, B. Ngasala, G. Maganga, L.L. Gustafsson, A. Massele, G. Tomson, Zul Premji, A. Bjorkman

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Early diagnosis and prompt, effective treatment of uncomplicated malaria is critical to prevent severe disease, death and malaria transmission. We assessed the impact of rapid malaria diagnostic tests (RDTs) by community health workers (CHWs) on provision of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and health outcome in fever patients.

Methodology/Principal Findings: Twenty-two CHWs from five villages in Kibaha District, a high-malaria transmission area in Coast Region, Tanzania, were trained to manage uncomplicated malaria using RDT aided diagnosis or clinical diagnosis (CD) only. Each CHW was randomly assigned to use either RDT or CD the first week and thereafter alternating weekly. …

Pre-Referral Rectal Artesunate In Severe Malaria: Flawed Trial, K.F. Hirji, Zul Premji

Pathology, East Africa

Background:Immediate injectable treatment is essential for severe malaria. Otherwise, the afflicted risk lifelong impairment or death. In rural areas of Africa and Asia, appropriate care is often miles away. In 2009, Melba Gomes and her colleagues published the findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of rectal artesunate for suspected severe malaria in such remote areas. Enrolling nearly 18,000 cases, the aim was to evaluate whether, as patients were in transit to a health facility, a pre-referral artesunate suppository blocked disease progression sufficiently to reduce these risks. The affirmative findings of this, the only trial on the issue thus far, …

Aggressive Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Presenting As Schwanoma : A Case Report, Mohammad Sohail Awan, Montasir Junaid, Zain A. Sobani

Department of Radiology

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are thought to arise from pluripotent muscle cell precursors intended to form the bodyís future striated muscle. Due to the wide distribution of striated muscle across the body these tumors may appear anywhere and cause symptoms accordingly. Presenting symptoms are highly variable and based on the tumor size and location making clinical diagnosis difficult. The diagnosis of RMS is based on histological examination; however they express varying cytologic pictures representing the different stages of rhabdomyoblasts and their development into skeletal muscle presenting pictures from highly to poorly differentiated neoplasms. Therefore their histological diagnosis also requires the use of …

Setting Research Priorities To Reduce Almost One Million Deaths From Birth Asphyxia By 2015, Joy E. Lawn, Rajiv Bahl, Staffan Bergstrom, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Gary L. Darmstadt, Matthew Ellis, Mike English, Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, Anne C. C. Lee, Mario Merialdi, Mohamed Mohamed, David Osrin, Robert Pattinson, Vinod Paul, Siddarth Ramji, Ola D. Saugstad, Lyn Sibley, Nalini Singhal, Steven N. Wall, Dave Woods, John Wyatt, Kit Yee Chan, Igor Rudan

Woman and Child Health

No abstract provided.

The State Of Emergency Care In The Republic Of Kenya, Benjamin Wachira, Ian Martin

Family Medicine, East Africa

Approximately 580,000 km2 in size, the Republic of Kenya is as big as Botswana but only half the size of countries like South Africa, Mali, and Angola. Kenya is comprised of eight provinces: Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, and Western. The 2009 census revealed a population of over 38 million people, with a population density of approximately 66 persons per square kilometre. Majority of the population (68%) lives in rural areas, as compared with the sub-Saharan African average of approximately 62%. With a gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of US $1,600 in 2010, Kenya is …

P-Dat: Lessons From Patients With Disabilities, Casey R. Bonaquist Do, Sweety Jain Md, Alex Garder

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Minimally Invasive Approaches For The Management Of “Difficult” Colonic Polyps, Roberto A. Cruz, Madhu Ragupathi, Rodrigo Pedraza, T. Bartley Pickron, Anne T. Le, Eric M. Haas

School of Medicine Publications

Traditionally, patients with colonic polyps not amenable to endoscopic removal require open colectomy for management. We evaluated our experience with minimally invasive approaches including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), laparoscopicassisted endoscopic polypectomy (LAEP), and laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC). Patients referred for surgery for colonic polyps were selected for one of three minimally invasive modalities. A total of 123 patients were referred for resection of “difficult” polyps. Thirty underwent EMR, 25 underwent LAEP, and 68 underwent LAC. Of those selected to undergo EMR or LAEP, 76.4% were successfully managed without colon resection. The remaining 23.6% underwent LAC. Nine complications were encountered, including two …

Pharmacological And Non-Pharmacological Approaches To Prevent Hypertension-Induced Renal Disease In The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rate, Carrie Marie Elks

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Hypertension affects 50 million Americans and remains the second leading cause of renal failure in the United States. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to treat hypertension have proven effective, but the complexities of the disease and its renal effects warrant the need for new treatments. The hypothesis of this dissertation was that pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches to reducing inflammation and oxidative stress would prevent hypertension-induced renal injury in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In the first study, we blocked the inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB), with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in the SHR kidney. In treated SHR, blood pressure decreased, …

Dose-Dependent Thresholds Of 10-Ns Electric Pulse Induced Plasma Membrane Disruption And Cytotoxicity In Multiple Cell Lines, Bennett L. Ibey, Caleb C. Roth, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Joshua A. Bernhard, Gerald J. Wilmink, Olga N. Pakhomova

Bioelectrics Publications

In this study, we determined the LD50 (50% lethal dose) for cell death, and the ED50 (50% of cell population staining positive) for propidium (Pr) iodide uptake, and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization for several commonly studied cell lines (HeLa, Jurkat, U937, CHO-K1, and GH3) exposed to 10-ns electric pulses (EP). We found that the LD50 varied substantially across the cell lines studied, increasing from 51 J/g for Jurkat to 1861 J/g for HeLa. PS externalized at doses equal or lower than that required for death in all cell lines ranging from 51 J/g in Jurkat, to 199 J/g in CHO-K1. Pr …

Nanosecond Pulse Electrical Fields Used In Conjunction With Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes As A Potential Tumor Treatment, Michael W. Stacey, Christopher Osgood, Bhargava Subhash Kalluri, Wei Cao, Hani Elsayed-Ali, Tarek Abdel-Fattah

Bioelectrics Publications

The objectives of this communication were to fabricate pure samples of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and to determine their toxicity in tumor cell lines. MWCNTs were dispersed in a concentration of the surfactant T80 that was minimally toxic. Cell-type variation in toxicity to MWCNTs was observed but was not significantly different to unexposed controls. Additionally, we investigated the increased cell killing of the pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 when exposed to ultrashort (nanosecond) pulsed electrical fields (nsPEF) in the presence of MWCNTs as a potential form of cancer therapy. We hypothesized that the unique electronic properties of MWCNTs disrupt cell …

Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Induced Cytoskeleton, Nuclear Membrane And Telomere Damage Adversely Impact Cell Survival, Michael W. Stacey, P. Fox, S. Buescher, Juergen F. Kolb

Bioelectrics Publications

We investigated the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) on three human cell lines and demonstrated cell shrinkage, breakdown of the cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane and chromosomal telomere damage. There was a differential response between cell types coinciding with cell survival. Jurkat cells showed cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane and telomere damage that severely impacted cell survival compared to two adherent cell lines. Interestingly, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in adherent cells prior to nsPEF exposure significantly reduced cell survival. We conclude that nsPEF applications are able to induce damage to the cytoskeleton and nuclear membrane. Telomere sequences, regions that tether and …

Targeted Identification Of Metastasis-Associated Cell-Surface Sialoglycoproteins In Prostate Cancer, Lifang Yang, Julius O. Nyalwidhe, Sigi Guo, Richard R. Drake, O. John Semmes

Bioelectrics Publications

Covalent attachment of carbohydrates to proteins is one of the most common post-translational modifications. At the cell surface, sugar moieties of glycoproteins contribute to molecular recognition events involved in cancer metastasis. We have combined glycan metabolic labeling with mass spectrometry analysis to identify and characterize metastasis-associated cell surface sialoglycoproteins. Our model system used syngeneic prostate cancer cell lines derived from PC3 (N2, nonmetastatic, and ML2, highly metastatic). The metabolic incorporation of AC₄ManNAz and subsequent specific labeling of cell surface sialylation was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Affinity isolation of the modified sialic-acid containing cell surface proteins …

Comparative Study Of Long-And Short-Pulsed Electric Fields For Treating Melanoma In An In Vivo Mouse Model, Xinhua Chen, Xinmei Chen, Karl H. Schoenbach, Shusen Zheng, R. James Swanson

Bioelectrics Publications

A mouse melanoma model was set up with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in vivo. With the same energy, long- (1 ms) and short- (300 ns) pulsed electric fields were delivered to two melanomas injected into the same mouse. The tumor growth and green fluorescence were followed up to compare the different treatment efficacy of long and short pulses. After two days post treatment, short pulse-treated tumors showed a significantly lower tumor volume compared with long pulse-treated tumors (n=8, p

Roles Of The 15-Kda Selenoprotein (Sep15) In Redox Homeostasis And Cataract Development Revealed By The Analysis Of Sep 15 Knockout Mice, Marina V. Kasaikina, Dmitri E. Fomenko, Vyacheslav M. Labunskyy, Salil A. Lachke, Wenya Qiu, Juliet A. Moncaster, Jie Zhang, Mark W. Wojnarowicz, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Mikalai I. Malinouski, Ulrich Schweizer, Petra A. Tsuji, Bradley A. Carlson, Richard L. Maas, Marjorie F. Lou, Lee E. Goldstein, Dolph L. Hatfield, Vadim N. Gladyshev

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The 15-kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) is a thioredoxin-like, endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein involved in the quality control of glycoprotein folding through its interaction with UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. Expression of Sep15 is regulated by dietary selenium and the unfolded protein response, but its specific function is not known. In this study, we developed and characterized Sep15 KO mice by targeted removal of exon 2 of the Sep15 gene coding for the cysteinerich UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase-binding domain. These KO mice synthesized a mutant mRNA, but the shortened protein product could be detected neither in tissues nor in Sep15 KO embryonic fibroblasts. Sep15 KO mice were viable …

Investigating The Effects Of The Plasticizers Bisphenol A And Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate On Dopaminergic Neurons In A C. Elegans Parkinson's Disease, Amanda Valera

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopamine (DA) containing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. Though the cellular pathways that lead to PD are varied and not well understood, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme complex I have been associated with PD pathogenesis. Environmental factors such as the plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) may also be involved in PD pathogenesis. In this research, three strains of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a wild-type N2 strain, a ROS-sensitive nnt …

2011-2012 Nursing Undergraduate Student Handbook, Morehead State University. Nursing Department.

Nursing Department Publications Archive

2011-2012 Undergraduate Student Handbook of the Department of Nursing at Morehead State University.

Indian Health Service Strategic Plan 2006-2011, Indian Health Service

Native Health Database Full Text

The main health challenges currently faced by American Indian and Alaska Native people are the increasing health conditions and chronic diseases that are related to lifestyles issues such as obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, substance abuse, and injuries. To help meet these challenges, the Indian Health Service (IHS) has launched a Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPj DP) Initiative to develop a coordinated and systematic approach to enhance preventive health approaches at the local, regional, and national levels. This Initiative is aligned with the President's HealthierUS, HHS Steps to a HealthierUS, and Healthy People 2010.

Should Histologic Grade Be Incorporated Into The Tnm Classification System For Small (T1, T2) Node-Negative Breast Adenocarcinomas?, Matthew Purdom, Michael L. Cibull, Terry D. Stratton, Luis M. Samayoa, Edward Romond, Patrick C. Mcgrath, Rouzan G. Karabakhtsian

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Prognosis of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) strongly correlates with tumor grade as determined by Nottingham combined histologic grade. While reporting grade as low grade/favorable (G1), intermediate grade/moderately favorable (G2), and high grade/unfavorable (G3) is recommended by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, existing TNM (Primary Tumor/Regional Lymph Nodes/Distant Metastasis) classification does not directly incorporate these data. For large tumors (T3, T4), significance of histologic grade may be clinically moot as those are nearly always candidates for adjuvant therapy. However, for small (T1, T2) node-negative (N0) tumors, grade may be clinically relevant in influencing treatment decisions, but data on …

Spinal Cord Protection: Lessons Learned From Endovascular Repair, Jennifer N Dulin, Meredith L Moore, Kevin W Gates, Joanna H Queen, Raymond J Grill

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

There is a high incidence of infertility in males following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Quality of semen is frequently poor in these patients, but the pathophysiological mechanism(s) causing this are not known. Blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity following SCI has not previously been examined. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of spinal contusion injury on the BTB in the rat. 63 adult, male Sprague Dawley rats received SCI (n = 28), laminectomy only (n = 7) or served as uninjured, age-matched controls (n = 28). Using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), BTB permeability to the …