Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Access To Dental Care In Two Long-Term Refugee Camps In Western Tanzania; Programme Development And Assessment, Toni M. Roucka

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective:  To analyse the demographics surrounding and the sustainability of a course in Emergency Dental Care and Health Promotion developed and taught by a team of dentists from the United States to refugee camp health-care workers in two long-term refugee camps in Western Tanzania.

Methods:  Refugee camp dental patient log books from Mtabila and Nyarugusu camps Kigoma, Tanzania were analysed and demographic data collected on each patient visit from the programme inception in November 2007 until August 2009. Data collection included information relevant to 1961 patient visits. Data were entered into SPSS Statistics 17.0 using the Freq application.

Outcomes:  Patient …

The Lived Experience Of Ovarian Cancer, Jennifer Tyll

Nursing Masters

It was estimated that in 2009,21,550 women would be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 14.600 women would die from it. There are approximately 176,007 women living with ovarian cancer in the US. While there is extant quantitative - literature surrounding quality of life of women with ovarian cancer, there are significantly less qualitative studies. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of how women with ovarian cancer perceived their quality of life. I Five women were interviewed. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed, then I read for overall impression and general themes. Three major themes were …

Characteristics Of An Adult Photosensitive Cohort, Mubashira Hashmi, Mazhar Mobin, Khurram A Siddiqui

Section of Neurology

Intermittent Photic Stimulation (IPS) is a well recognized provocation maneuver during EEG recording which helps in identifying underlying photosensitivity. The frequency and characteristics of various responses to photosensitivity among our adult patients was determine. EEGs of subjects > or =15 years from 2003-2006, were reviewed. Two main photosensitive responses were observed: Photoparoxysmal (PPR) and Photic-driving response (PDR). Demographic and clinical data was also collected. Out of 5950 EEG's performed, response to IPS were detected in 1.2% (n=73) of EEGs. Out of which 49 (67%) had PDR and 24 (33%) had PPR. Mean age of PPR group was 25.7 +/- 12 years …

Helicobacter Pylori: Association With Gall Bladder Disorders In Pakistan, Javed Yakoob, M. R. Khan, Z. Abbas, W. Jafri, R. Azmi, Z. Ahmad, S. Naeem, L. Lubbad

Department of Medicine

Helicobacter species colonise the biliary tract and therefore this study explores the relationship between of Helicobacter pylori and cholecystitis. Bile and gall bladder tissue samples were obtained from 144 Patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Of these, 89 had chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, 44 had gall bladder carcinoma and 11 had gall bladder polyps. Histopathology examination included special staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC), while Helicobacter species (H. pylori, H. bilis and H. hepaticus) were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing and BLAST query of PCR products was undertaken and samples were considered to contain H. pylori if both PCR and IHC …

Can We Stop The Stroke Epidemic In Pakistan?, Ismail A. Khatri, Mohammad Wasay

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Eruption Delay And Sequelae In Permanent Incisors Following Intrusive Luxation In Primary Dentition: A Case Report, H. Cem Güngör, Esin Püşman, Serdar Uysal

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

With respect to its consequences, intrusive luxation is one of the most severe form of dental traumatic injuries in primary dentition. This case report presents crown and root deformation of a permanent incisor together with its delayed eruption which have resulted from a traumatic injury to its predecessor.

Knowledge And Attitudes Of Pakistani Women Towards Anaesthesia Techniques For Caesarean Section, Imtiaz Ahmad, Gauhar Afshan

Department of Anaesthesia

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge and attitudes of Pakistani women towards different options of anaesthesia techniques for caesarean section and also to identify their sources of information about them.

METHODS: A total of 410 women scheduled for elective caesarean section were enrolled after informed written consent in this hospital based cross sectional survey. The women were interviewed preferably in Urdu (national) language according to structured pre coded questionnaire by one of the investigators and the sequence of questions was strictly followed. This survey included pertinent questions to assess knowledge and attitudes of our women towards choices of anaesthesia techniques. The questionnaire …

Prognostic Significance Of High-Grade Dysplasia In Colorectal Adenomas., A D Toll, D Fabius, T Hyslop, E Pequignot, A J Dimarino, A Infantolino, J P Palazzo

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Aim  Colonoscopy to detect and remove polyps has contributed to a reduction in colorectal carcinoma. Three-year follow up is recommended for patients considered to be at high risk (at least three adenomas, adenoma ≥ 1 cm, villous or high-grade features). Our study focused on patients diagnosed with high-grade dysplasia with regard to initial management and follow up. Method  A search of patients who had had endoscopic removal of a high-grade adenoma was carried out. Patients with the following were excluded: follow up of < 1 year, polyposis syndromes, prior colon cancer and a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma within 6 months following initial diagnosis. Results  Eighty-three patients treated between 1999 and 2007 for high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in a colorectal adenoma were identified. Over a median follow-up period of 4 years, 53 (64%) developed further adenomatous polyps. Among these, 7% had an adenoma with HGD or an adenocarcinoma. In all these patients, the initial high-grade adenoma was > 1 cm in diameter. Initial follow-up colonoscopy was performed on average 7 months following the initial diagnosis. …

Mir-21 Induced Angiogenesis Through Akt And Erk Activation And Hif-1Α Expression., Ling-Zhi Liu, Chongyong Li, Qi Chen, Yi Jing, Richard Carpenter, Yue Jiang, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Lihui Lai, Bing-Hua Jiang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in various cellular functions and tumor development. Recent studies have indicated that miR-21 is one of the important miRNAs associated with tumor growth and metastasis, but the role and molecular mechanism of miR-21 in regulating tumor angiogenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, miR-21 was overexpressed by transfecting pre-miR-21 into human prostate cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis was assayed using chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). We found that overexpression of miR-21 in DU145 cells increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, and induced tumor angiogenesis. AKT and extracellular regulated …

The Challenge Of Communicating Cardiovascular Risk Information To Our Patients., Samuel S Gidding

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Each of the major cardiovascular risk factors presents unique challenges to the clinician caring for children.  Dyslipidemia and hypertension are silent and require measurement; the challenge is first risk classification and then communicating strategies for treatment, with attendant cost, in the absence of perceptible disease morbidity.  Obesity and physical inactivity, while generally obvious to the patient, require change in lifestyle for successful management; the challenge is to convince the patient to make that change.  Diabetes mellitus is a significant disease requiring complex management strategies for the patient to execute; the challenge is to add cardiovascular risk reduction strategies to the …

Evaluation Of The Reproductive And Developmental Risks Of Caffeine., Robert L Brent, Mildred S Christian, Robert M Diener

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

A risk analysis of in utero caffeine exposure is presented utilizing epidemiological studies and animal studies dealing with congenital malformation, pregnancy loss, and weight reduction. These effects are of interest to teratologists, because animal studies are useful in their evaluation. Many of the epidemiology studies did not evaluate the impact of the "pregnancy signal," which identifies healthy pregnancies and permits investigators to identify subjects with low pregnancy risks. The spontaneous abortion epidemiology studies were inconsistent and the majority did not consider the confounding introduced by not considering the pregnancy signal. The animal studies do not support the concept that caffeine …

An Evaluation Of Hospital Breastfeeding Policies In The Philadelphia Metropolitan Area 1994-2009: A Comparison With The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Ten Steps., Andrea Crivelli-Kovach, Esther K Chung

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe current breastfeeding policies and practices among Philadelphia, PA metropolitan hospitals and changes in their policies and practices over time.

METHODS: In-person group interviews were conducted to obtain a composite picture of actual breastfeeding policies and practices. One questionnaire per hospital was completed based on responses from group consensus. Twenty-five hospitals providing maternity care were contacted. Information was obtained from personnel representing different areas of maternity services. Hospitals were classified according to the degree to which they were implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.

RESULTS: Mean breastfeeding rates at suburban hospitals …

Data Transparency To Get Results, Donna Farley Rn, Cmsrn, Saranya Phadungchevite Bsn, Rn, Tami Meltsch Bsn, Rn, Pccn, Cnml.

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Uh-Oh To Oh Yeah: A Nurse Driven Urinary Catheter Removal Protocol, Nancy Dirico Msn, Rn, Cmsrn, Bonnie Kosman Msn, Rn, Ne-Bc, Nha

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Patient And Family Centered Care Within Our Older Adult Population, Diana Pabon-Hurtzig Msn, Mba, Rn, Cmsrn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Compassionate Care, The Patient Perspective, Lori Burnell Phd

Dissertations

Professional mandates call for nurses to respond with compassion (e.g., American Nurses Association [ANA] Code of Ethics, International Council of Nurses [ICN]) and countless hospital mission and vision statements prominently display compassion as their fundamental purpose. As a component of healthcare and nursing models, however, defining characteristics and standards are inconsistent. Compassion as a means of establishing a connection on a spiritual level abounds in the literature (Buck, 2006; Grant, 2004; O'Brien, 2008; Schultz et al., 2007) and is documented as a nursing requirement (e.g., ANA, ICN); however, it remains virtually uncharted from the lens of the patient. Through interpretive …

Fibromyalgia Self-Care Management: Use Of Essential Oils, Regina Ann Sacco Izu Phd

Dissertations

Fibromyalgia is a female dominant chronic syndrome of diffuse muscle pain on palpation of at least 11 of 18 syndrome-associated tender points present for 3 months or longer. There is no cure. Self-care management involving multimodal integrative medicine approaches may increase treatment involvement resulting in a sense of control and pain relief. This embedded, single case study explored 'how' and 'why' an informant with fibromyalgia chose to initiate and continue self-care management using essential oils over several years to treat symptoms within context reality. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Model and the Principles of Integrative Medicine from the University of Arizona formed …

The Rockcastle Project: A Case Study Of Interprofessional Clinical Education And Practice In A Rural Medical Center, Dana M. Howell, Lynn English, Judith L. Page

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

The purpose of this pilot project was to provide an interprofessional, evidence-based learning experience for students in three disciplines during a four-week period in a rural hospital. Methods: This project is described as a case study and included students and faculty from two universities, personnel from an Area Health Education Center, and hospital practitioners in three health care disciplines. Project planners designed and carried out an interprofessional clinical course, which included one student in each of three disciplines: occupational therapy, physical therapy and communication sciences and disorders. Planning included establishing a course description, objectives, course requirements, and outcome measures. Results: …

Coaching For Publication In Higher Education: Views Of The Coach, Jose Frantz, Julie Phillips, Anthea Rhoda

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Mentoring is a professional development approach that can be effectively used in improving publication outputs among academics. The challenge to develop academics in the area of publication is essential. This study highlights the role of the mentor in the process of encouraging academics to improve their skill in publishing. Method: Participatory action research was used in this study. Nine academics, with the authors as mentors, participated in a support group over a 10-week period and monthly follow ups for 12-months. Results: Key aspects identified by the mentors were information sharing, providing and receiving feedback, and continuous support and motivation. Support …

Meeting The Clinical Education Needs Of Community-Based Preceptors: An Environmental Scan To Identify Format And Content For A New Web-Based Resource, Rosemin Kassam, Elizabeth Macleod, John Collins, Glymnis Tidball, Donna Dryan, Lois Neufeld, Mona Kwong

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

This study gathered world-wide information about web-based clinical teaching resources, identified gaps in these resources, and analyzed preceptor clinical education needs as first steps in creating a series of web-based clinical education modules. In addition to an environmental scan of web-based resources, a needs assessment survey was created, distributed, and analyzed. Participants in the survey, representing ten healthcare professions throughout British Columbia, Canada, identified the content that would be most relevant to them and the optimal length of web-based modules. The study identified 15 web-based clinical education topics common across four English-speaking countries and linked them to 31 province-wide learning …

The Use Of Foot Orthoses In The Management Of The Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient, Atsushi Oishi, Mathew Prior, Anthea Worley

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune condition of unclear aetiology. Foot problems, including pain, deformity and functional limitation, are common amongst patients. Despite orthotic intervention being common in rheumatoid arthritis, there is reportedly limited and conflicting evidence for its effectiveness. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of foot orthoses in the management of adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant literature pertaining to the use of orthoses in the management of the rheumatic foot. Fifteen articles, comprising both primary and secondary evidence, were …

Perceived Behavioral Control And Self-Efficacy Of Overweight And Normal Weight Adults Regarding Exercise At A Health Club, Wayne C. Miller, Todd A. Miller

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Only a small fraction of overweight people get enough exercise to improve health. Intimidating factors in the health club environment may cause the overweight person to have low perceived control and low self-efficacy for exercise. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) adults have toward health club exercise and what individual factors affect their perceived control and self-efficacy. Method: A 17-item survey measured perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, and behavioral intent toward exercising at a health club 30 min, twice a week, for the next month, in …

Vulnerability, Risk Perception, And Health Profile Of Marginalized People Exposed To Multiple Built-Environment Stressors In Worcester, Massachusetts: A Pilot Project, Timothy Downs, Laurie Ross, Robert Goble, Rajendra Subedi, Sara Greenberg, Octavia Taylor

Sustainability and Social Justice

Millions of low-income people of diverse ethnicities inhabit stressful old urban industrial neighborhoods. Yet we know little about the health impacts of built-environment stressors and risk perceptions in such settings; we lack even basic health profiles. Difficult access is one reason (it took us 30 months to survey 80 households); the lack of multifaceted survey tools is another. We designed and implemented a pilot vulnerability assessment tool in Worcester, Massachusetts. We answer: (1) How can we assess vulnerability to multiple stressors? (2) What is the nature of complex vulnerability-including risk perceptions and health profiles? (3) How can findings be used …

An Extensible Mathematical Model Of Glucose Metabolism, Caleb L. Adams

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

The American Diabetes Association reports that diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death by disease in the United States. An estimated 23.6 million individuals, or seven percent of the population, have diabetes. Nearly one-third are unaware that they have the disease. The total of the direct and indirect medical costs associated with diabetes in 2007 was projected to be $174 billion, or approximately one out of every ten health care dollars.

One must understand the glucose regulatory system of the healthy body to understand diabetes. Blood glucose concentration returns to a constant level after eating and is maintained during …

Evidence-Based Practice In Clinical Athletic Training Education, Dorice A. Hankemeier

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) concepts are becoming more prevalent in the educational curricula of nursing, medicine, physical therapy, and athletic training. The infusion of EBP in the clinical education experience of students has been slow especially in athletic training. The aim of Project I was to investigate approved clinical instructors (ACIs) experience and implementation of EBP with students through emergent design qualitative interviews. Project II was designed to develop and establish the reliability of the Evidence-Based Concepts Assessment (EBCA) to assess athletic trainers' perceived importance, attitudes & beliefs, knowledge, confidence, accessibility, and barriers of EBP. Project III investigated the importance, knowledge, …

Domestic Violence As A Contributing Factor To Juvenile Substance Use, Victoria Felicitas Sophie Danz

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

This study examines the relationship between witnessing violence in the home and juvenile substance use. Data was used from an existing study and variables were recoded to be of best use for this particular work. This study found that witnessing acts of violence can lead a juvenile into drug use, but other factors are more likely to have influenced this behavior. The study shows that family and peer use of drugs is a major predictor for juvenile substance use and has a bigger influence on the juvenile's life than witnessing violence. No significant impact on drug use was found between …

Jordanian Dentists' Knowledge And Implementation Of Eco-Friendly Dental Office Strategies, Sabha Mahmoud Al Shatrat

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if Jordanian dentists have knowledge about eco-friendly dental offices strategies and were employing these in their dental practices. Male and female dentists between the ages of 23–65, who work in private dental practices in the city of Amman, the capital of Jordan, were included in this study. Dentists' names and addresses were obtained from the Jordanian Dental Association. Data for this study was gathered via a researcher-designed questionnaire distributed to a convenience sample of 150 dentists. Dentists were selected according to their dental practice locality until the required number was completed. The …

Magnification Loupes In U.S. Entry-Level Dental Hygiene Programs, Leslie Mchaney Congdon

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine policies and practices regarding magnification loupes among accredited dental hygiene programs as measured by a 31- item, self-designed questionnaire titled Magnifying Loupes in U.S. Entry Level Dental Hygiene Programs. In addition, the study compared policies among dental hygiene programs in two year versus four year programs in terms of requirements for the use of magnification loupes.

Methods: After institutional review board approval, the questionnaire was emailed via Survey Monkey to 303 entry-level dental hygiene programs. An overall response rate of 75% was obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and …

Effect Of Body Mass And Added Mass On Treadmill Performance, Rachel Elizabeth Walker

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Strenuous physical activity in extreme environments is an important part of the activities of military personnel. The average infantry combat load for an infantry on the loaded tasks. Subjects performed an outdoor 4.8-km run and four maximal treadmill tests wearing the loads listed above. Subjects' pulmonary function was tested with load prior to each treadmill session. Peak values of heart rate, VO₂, exercise ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio were measured at the end of each maximal treadmill test. Significant decreases were found in pulmonary function measures (FEV₁, FVC and MVV) with increasing load. Most peak responses …

The Comparison Of Hamstring/Quadriceps Strength Ratio In The Dominant Versus The Non-Dominant Leg Of Elite Female Artistic Gymnasts, Marina Moure

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The majority of the injuries in women's artistic gymnastics occur in the lower limbs (Marshall et al, 2007). Hamstring muscle strains are prevalent in sports that involve sprinting (Ekstrand & Quillist, 1985; Orchard, 2001; Croisier et al., 2008) with a high reinjury ratio (Orchard, 1993; Orchard, 1997). Recent studies have linked an increase of muscle injury rate in the lower limbs to strength muscle imbalance between legs and the relation between the hamstring and quadriceps strength (Croisier et al., 2002; Yamamoto, 2008; Sugiura et al, 2008). In order to determine if there is an imbalance in women's artistic gymnastics, forty-three …