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2011

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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Effect Of Real-Ear Verification On Hearing Aid Benefit, Sarah K. Sporck May 2011

Effect Of Real-Ear Verification On Hearing Aid Benefit, Sarah K. Sporck

Dissertations, 2014-2019

Real-ear measurements have been proven to be the most accurate measure of hearing aid verification. However, many audiologists find real-ear to be too time consuming to use consistently. One popular reason for underutilizing real-ear verification is the use of first fitting algorithms provided on manufacturer programming software. However, the predicted fittings provided on the software are not an accurate means of providing what is recommended by popular prescriptive formulas (Hawkins and Cook, 2003; Aarts and Caffee, 2005). The main reason for this discrepancy is that the software does not take into account individual anatomical differences, i.e. ear canal volume and …


Effects Of Speech Signal Type And Attention On Acceptable Noise Level In Elderly, Hearing-Impaired Listeners, Jennifer Susan Mundorff May 2011

Effects Of Speech Signal Type And Attention On Acceptable Noise Level In Elderly, Hearing-Impaired Listeners, Jennifer Susan Mundorff

Dissertations, 2014-2019

The primary objective of this study was to determine if acceptable noise levels (ANLs) in elderly, hearing-impaired listeners were dependent on speech intelligibility and listener attention levels. Acceptable noise levels (ANLs), expressed in decibels, is defined as the maximum background noise level that is acceptable while listening to and following a story. Connected speech test (CST) sentences were recorded with clear speech, conversational speech and temporally altered, fast-rate speech. Thirty-five, elderly, hearing-impaired individuals (61-97 years, M=75) with symmetrical, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated. Most comfortable listening levels (MCL) and background noise level (BNL) measurements were completed for each speech stimulus …


Comparison Of Speech Intelligibility Over The Telephone Using A Hearing Aid Micorphone And Telecoil, Phillip K. Bond May 2011

Comparison Of Speech Intelligibility Over The Telephone Using A Hearing Aid Micorphone And Telecoil, Phillip K. Bond

Dissertations, 2014-2019

The purpose of the current study is to determine if the smaller, modern hearing aid has affected the speech intelligibility over the telephone using a telecoil and hearing aid microphone. Six hearing impaired listeners were situated in a quiet office and were asked to repeat aloud Connected Speech Sentences (CST) they heard through the telephone while wearing their hearing aid in telecoil only mode, microphone only mode, and without their hearing aid. The CST sentences were presented in three different signal-to-noise ratios (Quiet, +10dB, & +5dB) with the recorded speech babble of the CST test. It was discovered that the …


The Effects Of The Walking Workstation On Work Productivity And Selected Physiological Measurements, Tracey Lytle May 2011

The Effects Of The Walking Workstation On Work Productivity And Selected Physiological Measurements, Tracey Lytle

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Purpose: To observe the effects of the walking workstation on work productivity (mouse clicking and typing test) and selected physiological variables (weight, resting blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate (HR), body mass index (BMI) body composition, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1c)). Methods: Eight sedentary university workers (42.4 + 13 yr, 73.9 ± 10.6 kg) completed an eight week intervention incorporating the walking workstation into their normal day. Subject access to the workstations was not restricted; there was no time requirement for use. All subjects completed and submitted weekly logs of the time and speed the workstation was used. Measurements were tested …


Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Reduces Dendritic Spine Density Across Sensory Cortices, Francis Oppong May 2011

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Reduces Dendritic Spine Density Across Sensory Cortices, Francis Oppong

Theses and Dissertations

Dendritic spines are the major site of excitatory synapses in cortex, and factors that reduce dendritic spine numbers will produce serious cortical processing deficits, such as has been demonstrated for mental retardation and other psychiatric disorders. Prenatal alcohol exposure also has detrimental effects on brain development that lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which results in reduction of dendritic spine numbers in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex. FASD also is associated with temporal processing disorders involving sequential auditory stimuli that would be processed in auditory cortical areas. However, it is unknown if the reduction of spine density …


Comparison Of Adhesion Of Gutta Percha/Ah Plus® And Resilon/Epiphany® Se™ After A Final Rinse With Different Concentrations Of Ethanol, Suren Paravyan May 2011

Comparison Of Adhesion Of Gutta Percha/Ah Plus® And Resilon/Epiphany® Se™ After A Final Rinse With Different Concentrations Of Ethanol, Suren Paravyan

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of final rinse of ethanol on bond strength in teeth obturated with Gutta Percha (GP)/AH Plus® or Resilon/Epiphany®SE™. Thirty-two extracted human anterior teeth were shaped to size 30, 0.06 taper and subjected to an identical irrigation protocol. Specimens were randomly divided into eight groups according to final irrigating solution (saline, 70%, 95%, 100% ethanol) and obturation material. Two millimeter thick slices were obtained by sectioning each obturated root. Bond strength was determined using micropush-out assay. Data was analyzed using Student’s t-test. Obturation with GP/AH Plus® formed a statistically significant stronger bond …


The Effect Of Kalman Weighted Filtering And In-Situ Pre-Amplification On The Accuracy And Efficiency Of Abr Threshold Estimation, Julie Kathleen Wheeler May 2011

The Effect Of Kalman Weighted Filtering And In-Situ Pre-Amplification On The Accuracy And Efficiency Of Abr Threshold Estimation, Julie Kathleen Wheeler

Dissertations, 2014-2019

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) are important for acquiring frequency specific information for determination of the degree and type of hearing loss for infants and difficult-to-test populations when behavioral audiometry cannot be carried out. This study investigated the effects of Kalman weighted filtering and in-situ pre-amplification employed by the Vivosonic Integrity V500 ABR system on threshold accuracy and efficiency in an environment of high physiologic noise in comparison to a conventional ABR system which employs a standard artifact rejection paradigm. Auditory brainstem responses were collected using the Vivosonic ABR system and a conventional ABR system both in quiet and in noise …


The Effect Of Insulating K-Type Files On Accuracy And Reliability As Used In Two Electronic Apex Locators, Timothy Finkler May 2011

The Effect Of Insulating K-Type Files On Accuracy And Reliability As Used In Two Electronic Apex Locators, Timothy Finkler

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this in-vitro study is to compare the accuracy and reliability of a 3rd and 4th generation electronic apex locator (EAL) in locating the apical foramen when using insulated and non-insulated K files. Forty extracted human adult single-rooted teeth were coronally sectioned and placed in agar. EAL determined tooth length measurements were compared to actual tooth measurements. Comparisons to the standard measures used correlation and paired t-test. Preliminary comparisons of the groups used ANOVA to compare the means and the Brown-Forsythe test to compare variance. In the final analyses, the measurements were compared using a repeated-measures mixed-model multiway …


Comparison Of Epiphany® And Ah-Plus® Root Canal Sealer Penetration Of Dentinal Tubules: A Sem Study, Kalisha Jordan May 2011

Comparison Of Epiphany® And Ah-Plus® Root Canal Sealer Penetration Of Dentinal Tubules: A Sem Study, Kalisha Jordan

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a final rinse of ethanol on depth of sealer penetration in teeth obturated with Gutta Percha (GP)/AH-Plus® (Dentsply, De Trey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany) or Resilon/Epiphany® SE™ (Pentron Clinical Technologies, LLC, Wallingford, CT). Extracted human anterior teeth (n= 32) were shaped to size 30, 0.06 taper using nickel-titanium rotary files and subjected to an identical irrigation protocol. Specimens were randomly divided into eight groups according to final irrigating solution (saline, 70%, 95%, or 100% ethanol) and obturation material (GP/AH-Plus® or Resilon/EpiphanyÒ SE™). A 2mm thick slice was obtained by sectioning …


The Effects Of A Fluoride Releasing Orthodontic Primer On Demineralization Around Brackets: An In-Vivo Study., Daniel Pennella May 2011

The Effects Of A Fluoride Releasing Orthodontic Primer On Demineralization Around Brackets: An In-Vivo Study., Daniel Pennella

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a fluoride releasing orthodontic primer on demineralization adjacent to brackets. Twenty-two patients were recruited for this study. One premolar was randomly chosen as the experimental tooth, the contralateral tooth was the control. Teeth were visually analyzed for white spot lesions (WSLs). Knoop microhardness was used to determine hardness. Visual examination results showed no significant difference in the number of WSLs observed between Opal Seal and Transbond XT over the duration of this study. Solid conclusions could not be drawn from the results of microhardness testing. Therefore, it cannot be …


Future Role Of Community Health Workers For Reducing Health Disparities, Frances J. Feltner, Emery Wilson, Elmer T. Whitler, Linda Asher May 2011

Future Role Of Community Health Workers For Reducing Health Disparities, Frances J. Feltner, Emery Wilson, Elmer T. Whitler, Linda Asher

Center of Excellence in Rural Health Presentations

Against the backdrop of national health care reform and Kentucky’s physician shortage, this study examined the impact of community health workers (specifically, Kentucky Homeplace) on health disparities in rural, medically underserved areas. Among the conclusions are that community health workers can increase the ability of indigent residents to access health care services and their compliance with physicians’ orders.


Public Health Finance Management Needs And How Public Health Agencies Are Funded., F. Douglas Scutchfield Md May 2011

Public Health Finance Management Needs And How Public Health Agencies Are Funded., F. Douglas Scutchfield Md

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Presentations

No abstract provided.


A Review Of Literature For Osteology: Cell Biology, Tissue Biology, And The Application Of Synthetic Compounds For The Facilitation Of Bone Tissue Repair, Ryan T. Jones May 2011

A Review Of Literature For Osteology: Cell Biology, Tissue Biology, And The Application Of Synthetic Compounds For The Facilitation Of Bone Tissue Repair, Ryan T. Jones

Honors Theses

Bone is a dynamic matter that provides support, structure, mineral reserves, and stem cell reserves for the body. Important functions range from structural support for the body to roles in maintaining homeostasis. Structure and support for the body is the most obvious role, with the skeletal system as a whole providing a normal force for other tissues and organs to resist gravity. Protection is also inferred for tissues and organs from impacting forces, especially with axial bones covering vital organs in the thoracic cavity. Another function of bone includes the ability to store and release minerals when needed to maintain …


Clinical Presentation Of Symptomatic Acetabular Dysplasia In Skeletally Mature Patients, Ryan M. Nunley, Heidi Prather, Devyani Hunt, Perry L. Schoenecker, John C. Clohisy May 2011

Clinical Presentation Of Symptomatic Acetabular Dysplasia In Skeletally Mature Patients, Ryan M. Nunley, Heidi Prather, Devyani Hunt, Perry L. Schoenecker, John C. Clohisy

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.


Incidence Of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism In Oncologic Patients Undergoing Lower-Extremity Endoprosthetic Arthroplasty, Brandon A. Ramo, Anthony M. Griffin, Corey S. Gill, Douglas J. Mcdonald, Jay S. Wunder, Peter Ferguson, Robert S. Bell, Sharon E. Phillips, Herbert S. Schwartz, Ginger E. Holt May 2011

Incidence Of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism In Oncologic Patients Undergoing Lower-Extremity Endoprosthetic Arthroplasty, Brandon A. Ramo, Anthony M. Griffin, Corey S. Gill, Douglas J. Mcdonald, Jay S. Wunder, Peter Ferguson, Robert S. Bell, Sharon E. Phillips, Herbert S. Schwartz, Ginger E. Holt

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.


Radiographic Structural Abnormalities Associated With Premature, Natural Hip-Joint Failure, John C. Clohisy, Michael A. Dobson, Jason F. Robison, Lucian C. Warth, Jie Zheng, Steve S. Liu, Tameem M. Yehyawi, John J. Callaghan May 2011

Radiographic Structural Abnormalities Associated With Premature, Natural Hip-Joint Failure, John C. Clohisy, Michael A. Dobson, Jason F. Robison, Lucian C. Warth, Jie Zheng, Steve S. Liu, Tameem M. Yehyawi, John J. Callaghan

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.


2011 May 3 - Medical Student Education Committee Minutes, Medical Student Education Committee, East Tennessee State University May 2011

2011 May 3 - Medical Student Education Committee Minutes, Medical Student Education Committee, East Tennessee State University

Medical Student Education Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.


Knowledge And Practice Gaps Among Pediatric Nurses At A Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi Pakistan, Rozina Roshan Essani, Tazeen S. Ali May 2011

Knowledge And Practice Gaps Among Pediatric Nurses At A Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi Pakistan, Rozina Roshan Essani, Tazeen S. Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

The advancement in medical science has created health care environments that require nursing professionals who posses specialized clinical knowledge and skills to provide care and deal with critically and acutely ill children. This study explored gaps between knowledge and practice as perceived by the registered nurses of pediatric units by further recommending the changes suggested by them. A descriptive exploratory Study Design under the quantitative research methodology was utilized using universal sampling of all pediatric nurses working at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The gaps between knowledge and practice, as perceived by the participants, were categorized into five …


Hypervirulent Chlamydia Trachomatis Clinical Strain Is A Recombinant Between Lymphogranuloma Venereum (L(2)) And D Lineages, Naraporn Somboonna, Raymond Wan, David M. Ojcius, Matthew A. Pettengill, Sandeep J. Joseph, Alexander Chang, Ray Hsu, Timothy D. Read, Deborah Dean May 2011

Hypervirulent Chlamydia Trachomatis Clinical Strain Is A Recombinant Between Lymphogranuloma Venereum (L(2)) And D Lineages, Naraporn Somboonna, Raymond Wan, David M. Ojcius, Matthew A. Pettengill, Sandeep J. Joseph, Alexander Chang, Ray Hsu, Timothy D. Read, Deborah Dean

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes a diversity of severe and debilitating diseases worldwide. Sporadic and ongoing outbreaks of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) strains among men who have sex with men (MSM) support the need for research on virulence factors associated with these organisms. Previous analyses have been limited to single genes or genomes of laboratory-adapted reference strain L2/434 and outbreak strain L2b/UCH-1/proctitis. We characterized an unusual LGV strain, termed L2c, isolated from an MSM with severe hemorrhagic proctitis. L2c developed nonfusing, grape-like inclusions and a cytotoxic phenotype in culture, …


A Novel Bioactive Glass-Enhanced Orthodontic Bonding Resin: A Shear Bond Strength Study, Cole Johnson May 2011

A Novel Bioactive Glass-Enhanced Orthodontic Bonding Resin: A Shear Bond Strength Study, Cole Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Enamel decalcification caused by poor oral hygiene is a significant problem in orthodontics. Bioactive glass-containing resins have been shown to release Ca2+ ions into surrounding solution. The purpose of this study was to determine the shear bond strength of four different compositions of orthodontic resin prepared with bioactive glass (N=20). Premolars were bonded using one of four BAG-BOND compositions. Brackets were debonded and ARI scores were given. The mean shear bond strength was 7.23 ± 2.47 MPa (62 BAG-BOND), 8.25 ± 2.87 MPa (65 BAG-BOND), 8.78 ± 3.08 MPa (81BAG-BOND) and 5.80 ± 2.27 MPa (85 BAG-BOND). 65 and 81 …


Ada News - 05/02/2011, American Dental Association, Publishing Division May 2011

Ada News - 05/02/2011, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.


Patient Satisfaction With Sedation For Periodontal Surgery: A Randomized, Cross-Over Clinical Study, Jason Streem May 2011

Patient Satisfaction With Sedation For Periodontal Surgery: A Randomized, Cross-Over Clinical Study, Jason Streem

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: To create a study designed to assess patient satisfaction and preference for oral versus intravenous sedation in conjunction with periodontal surgical procedures. METHODS: Twenty-six patients who required at least two periodontal surgery procedures and requested sedation for treatment, participated in our study at VCU Department of Periodontics. This was a randomized, cross-over design with groups which received an intravenous sedative regimen with or without oral sedation premedication for one surgery and oral sedation medication alone for the other surgery. The primary outcome measurement was the type of sedation preferred by the subject. RESULTS: 14/26 (53.8%) subjects indicated a preference …


Bin Laden And Hd, Kenneth P. Serbin May 2011

Bin Laden And Hd, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.


The Natural Polyphenol Resveratrol Potentiates The Lethality Of Hdac Inhibitors In Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells Through Multiple Mechanisms., Alae Abod Yaseen May 2011

The Natural Polyphenol Resveratrol Potentiates The Lethality Of Hdac Inhibitors In Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells Through Multiple Mechanisms., Alae Abod Yaseen

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the natural polyphenol Resveratrol and HDAC inhibitors in both U937 myelomonocytic leukemia cell line and blood samples from AML patients and normal cord blood. Simultaneous exposure to Resveratrol and HDAC inhibitors (Vorinostat-SAHA or Panobinostat-LBH589) resulted in potentiating the lethality caused by any single agent of the combination, this interaction found to be synergistic at multiple concentrations. Exposing U937 cells to minimal toxic doses of Resveratrol and HDACIs results in release of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins AIF and cytochrome c, pro-apoptotic caspase activation especially caspase-8, and induction of DNA damage. These events were …


Defining The Bacterial Flora Of Periodontal Pockets In Chronic Periodontitis Patients, Rafael Rodriguez May 2011

Defining The Bacterial Flora Of Periodontal Pockets In Chronic Periodontitis Patients, Rafael Rodriguez

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the subgingival bacterial biodiversity in untreated chronic periodontitis patients through the use of next generation 16S rRNA molecular analysis, and to determine similarities or differences between deep and shallow pockets within the same patients. METHODS: The analysis involved paired subgingival plaque samples from 24 subjects diagnosed with Generalized Moderate to Severe Chronic Periodontitis. One sample was selected from a single site having a probing depth >5 mm (i.e. Deep Site), and the other from a site with a probing depth <3mm (i.e. Shallow Site) within each subject. Bacterial DNA amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S rRNA was performed. The amplicons were sequenced via 454 Roche Genome Sequencer FLX System. The identified sequences were evaluated, and then compared to calculated false discovery rates. RESULTS: A total of 119 independent microbial genera were identified within the samples analyzed. Seven genera were identified to be statistically significant (p<0.05) in their association to deep or shallow sites following t-test and boot strap randomization: Actinomyces (p=0.004), Methylobacterium (p=0.028), Veillonella (p=0.028), and Rothia (p=0.038), and Streptococcus (p=0.033) in Shallow sites; while Mycoplasma (p=0.007) and Fusobacterium (p=0.016) were associated with deep sites. However, taking into account the calculated false discovery rates, it is suggested that none of the 119 microbial genera identified in this study were significantly associated with either deep nor shallow sites. CONCLUSION: The microbial genera identified within this study to be associated with deep and shallow sites follows the traditional pattern anticipated from the literature. However, the calculated false discovery rates suggest that these results may have occurred by chance and not due to a true difference.


Use Of A Spine Robot Employing A Real Time Force Control Algorithm To Develop, Simulate, And Compare Spinal Biomechanical Testing Protocols: Eccentric Loading, Pure Moment, And A Novel Head Weight Protocol, Daniel Mark Wido May 2011

Use Of A Spine Robot Employing A Real Time Force Control Algorithm To Develop, Simulate, And Compare Spinal Biomechanical Testing Protocols: Eccentric Loading, Pure Moment, And A Novel Head Weight Protocol, Daniel Mark Wido

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

In vitro testing provides a critical tool for understanding the biomechanics of the subaxial cervical spine. Previous common testing protocols used to evaluate the subaxial cervical spine include Pure Moment (PM), follower load, and eccentric lever arm (EL) loading methods. Although these methods are widely accepted, there is always a goal to try to better simulate physiologic loading conditions. While the follower load attempts to simulate compression due to muscle activation, no previous protocol has taken into account the constant vertical force vector applied to C2 produced by the weight of the human head. Furthermore, we are unaware of previous …


Identification Of Three Prominin Homologs And Characterization Of Their Messenger Rna Expression In Xenopus Laevis Tissues, Zhou Han, David S. Papermaster May 2011

Identification Of Three Prominin Homologs And Characterization Of Their Messenger Rna Expression In Xenopus Laevis Tissues, Zhou Han, David S. Papermaster

UCHC Articles - Research

Purpose Prominin is a family of pentaspan transmembrane glycoproteins. They are expressed in various types of cells, including many stem/progenitor cells. Prominin-1 plays an important role in generating and maintaining the structure of the photoreceptors. In this study, we identified three prominin homologs in Xenopus laevis, a model animal widely used in vision research, and characterized their messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in selected tissues of this frog. Methods Reverse-transcription PCR (RT–PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were used to isolate cDNAs of prominin homologs. Semiquantitative RT–PCR was used to measure the relative expression levels of mRNAs of …


A Methodology For Building Culture And Gender Norms Into Intervention: An Example From Mumbai, India, Kristin M. Kostick,, Stephen L. Schensul, Pertti Pelto May 2011

A Methodology For Building Culture And Gender Norms Into Intervention: An Example From Mumbai, India, Kristin M. Kostick,, Stephen L. Schensul, Pertti Pelto

UCHC Articles - Research

This paper responds to the call for culturally relevant intervention research by introducing a methodology for identifying community norms and resources in order to more effectively implement sustainable interventions strategies. Results of an analysis of community norms, specifically attitudes toward gender equity, are presented from an HIV/STI research and intervention project in a low income community in Mumbai, India (2008–2012). Community gender norms were explored because of their relevance to sexual risk in settings characterized by high levels of gender inequity. This paper recommends approaches that interventionists and social scientists can take to incorporate cultural insights into formative assessments and …


Generation And Characterization Of Col10a1 -Mcherry Reporter Mice, Peter Maye, Yu Fu, Yaling Liu, Mary Louise Stover, Xi Jiang, David W. Rowe May 2011

Generation And Characterization Of Col10a1 -Mcherry Reporter Mice, Peter Maye, Yu Fu, Yaling Liu, Mary Louise Stover, Xi Jiang, David W. Rowe

UCHC Articles - Research

We report here on the generation of a new fluorescent protein reporter transgenic mouse line, Col10a1 -mCherry, which can be used as a tool to study chondrocyte biology and pathology. Collagen, Type X, alpha 1(Col10a1) is highly expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes and commonly used as a gene marker for this cell population. TheCol10a1-mCherry reporter line was generated using a bacterial recombination strategy with the mouse BAC clone RP23-192A7. To aid in the characterization of this animal model, we intercrossed Col10a1-mCherry mice with Collagen, Type II, alpha 1 (Col2a1) enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) reporter mice and characterized the expression of …


Finding Healthy In Affordability, Courteney Tucker May 2011

Finding Healthy In Affordability, Courteney Tucker

Senior Honors Projects

No abstract provided.