Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Ada News - 03/15/2010, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Iraqi Veterinarian Brings Veterinary-and Life-Experiences to ADRDL [Page] 2- Director's Message — Tomorrow’s Veterinarians and the NAVMEC [Page] 2- Veterinarians with Current USDA Accreditation: Note Program Changes [Page] 4- The Virology Section at SDSU’s ADRDL [Page] 5- Fish Health and Diagnostics Update Pieces and Parts [Page] 6- VSD Faculty Members Honored at SDSU Faculty Recognition Event [Page] 6- ADRDL Assists AIB in Bovine Tuberculosis Diagnostics [Page] 6- 2010 Bailey Herd Health Conference a Success [Page] 6- Faculty Members Attend “Animal Welfare in Veterinary Education and Research” Symposium [Page] 7- Calf Scours Submission Reminders [Page] 7- Calendar of Events

The Prevalence And Causes Of Vision Loss In Indigenous Australians: The National Indigenous Eye Health Survey, Hugh R. Taylor, Jing Xie, Sarah Fox, Ross A. Dunn, Anna-Lena Arnold, Jill E. Keeffe

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Aim: To determine the prevalence and causes of vision loss in Indigenous Australians. Design, setting and participants: A national, stratified, random cluster sample was drawn from 30 communities across Australia that each included about 300 Indigenous people of all ages. A sample of non-Indigenous adults aged 􏱄 40 years was also tested at several remote sites for comparison. Participants were examined using a standardised protocol that included a questionnaire (self-administered or completed with the help of field staff), visual acuity (VA) testing on presentation and after correction, visual field testing, trachoma grading, and fundus and lens photography. The data were …

Quality Of Life, Hope, Social Support, And Self-Care In Heart Failure Patients, Karen A. Mcgurk Phd, Mn, Rn

Dissertations

Heart failure is a significant, chronic health problem. Much is known about physiological factors related to this condition. Less is known about the psychosocial aspects that influence disease risk, progression, and treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between quality of life, hope, social support, and self-care. A descriptive, correlational study was conducted. The participants were 65 heart failure patients who attended 2 military-based heart failure clinics. Quality of Life was measured using the Left Ventricular Dysfunction Questionnaire (LVD-36), Hope was measured using the Herth Hope Index (HUI), Social Support was measured using the Medical Outcomes …

Opportunity Now For Paralympics To Grab N. American Spotlight, Rick Burton, Norm O'Relly

Sport Management - All Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Minimizing The Source Of Nociception And Its Concurrent Effect On Sensory Hypersensitivity: An Exploratory Study In Chronic Whiplash Patients, Geoff M. Schneider, Ashley D. Smith, Allen Hooper, Paul Stratford, Kathryn J. Schneider, Michael D. Westaway, Bevan Frizzell, Lee Olson

Faculty Publications

Abstract. Background. The cervical zygapophyseal joints may be a primary source of pain in up to 60% of individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and may be a contributing factor for peripheral and centrally mediated pain (sensory hypersensitivity). Sensory hypersensitivity has been associated with a poor prognosis. The purpose of the study was to determine if there is a change in measures indicative of sensory hypersensitivity in patients with chronic WAD grade II following a medial branch block (MBB) procedure in the cervical spine. Methods. Measures of sensory hypersensitivity were taken via quantitative sensory testing (QST) consisting of pressure …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - March 14, 2010, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the March 14, 2010 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Leadership During Times of Change
• March Med School Cafe' Online
• Online Match Day News Coverage
• USA Match Day 2010
• USA National Alumni Association Honors Dr. Frank deGruy III
• Medical Alumni Association Honors Class of 2010

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Origin Of Replication And The Promoter For Immunodominant Secreted Antigen 85b Are The Targets Of Mtra, The Essential Response Regulator, Malini Rajagopalan, Renata Dziedzic, Maha Al Zayer, Dorota Stankowska, Marie-Claude Ouimet, D. Patrick Bastedo, Gregory T. Marczynski, Murty V. Madiraju

School of Medical and Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Efficient proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inside macrophage requires that the essential response regulator MtrA be optimally phosphorylated. However, the genomic targets of MtrA have not been identified. We show by chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNase I footprinting that the chromosomal origin of replication, oriC, and the promoter for the major secreted immunodominant antigen Ag85B, encoded by fbpB, are MtrA targets. DNase I footprinting analysis revealed that MtrA recognizes two direct repeats of GTCACAgcg-like sequences and that MtrA approximately P, the phosphorylated form of MtrA, binds preferentially to these targets. The oriC contains several MtrA motifs, and replacement of all motifs …

Bold Signal In Both Ipsilateral And Contralateral Retinotopic Cortex Modulates With Perceptual Fading, Po-Jang Hsieh, Peter U. Tse

Dartmouth Scholarship

Under conditions of visual fixation, perceptual fading occurs when a stationary object, though present in the world and continually casting light upon the retina, vanishes from visual consciousness. The neural correlates of the consciousness of such an object will presumably modulate in activity with the onset and cessation of perceptual fading.

Method: In order to localize the neural correlates of perceptual fading, a green disk that had been individually set to be equiluminant with the orange background, was presented in one of the four visual quadrants; Subjects indicated with a button press whether or not the disk was subjectively visible …

The Ryan White Hiv/Aids Program, Jessamyn Taylor

National Health Policy Forum

This publication describes the basics of the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, the largest federal program solely focused on treating people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States. The program funds cities, states, and community-based organizations to provide primary care, prescription drugs, and support services to low-income, uninsured, and underinsured people living with HIV/AIDS.

High Volume Air Sampling For Viral Aerosols: A Comparative Approach, Casey W. Cooper

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Air Force has high volume biological air sampling equipment available including the XMX/2L-MIL and DFU-1000. Neither system has been evaluated for effectiveness in the collection of viruses. Furthermore, decontamination methods have not been evaluated for these systems after use in sampling for a viral agent. MS2 bacteriophage was used as a surrogate virus. Aerosolized MS2 was released into a 12 m3 exposure chamber. High and moderate airborne concentrations of MS2 were evaluated. Low volume impingers were used for comparative purposes as well. Samples were analyzed using plaque assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At high viral loads …

The Responsibility To Protect Haiti, Linda A. Malone

Popular Media

No abstract provided.

Particulate Characterization And Control Evaluation For Carbon Fiber Composite Aircraft Crash Recovery Operations, Matthew R. Ferreri

Theses and Dissertations

Within the United States Air Force (USAF) Advanced Composite Material (ACM) is gaining an increasing use in military aircraft. With the number of aircraft that have increasingly large amounts of ACM materials, the probability of an incident with one of these aircraft also increases. When such an incident occurs the aircraft needs to be disassembled, removed, and later inspected as part of the accident investigation process. This disassembly process is termed “Crash Recovery Operations.” Carbon fibers have been shown to be hazardous to human health and a pilot study raised the suspicion that nanosized aerosol may be generated during the …

Development Of A Novel Noise Delivery System For Jp-8 Ototoxicity Studies, John E. Stubbs

Theses and Dissertations

Numerous chemicals with ototoxic properties may cause hearing loss directly, potentiate noise-induced hearing loss, or produce additive effects. Of interest to the US Air Force are studies showing ototoxic effects of JP-8 jet fuel and its hydrocarbon constituents. The Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, in conjunction with the USAF, is studying the ototoxic effects of JP-8 in rats. The study requires a white noise source that is one octave band wide, centered at 8 kHz frequency, delivered from outside of exposure chambers. Sound pressure levels must be within ± 2 dB at all exposure points within …

Parasympathetic Functions In Children With Sensory Processing Disorder., Roseann C. Schaaf, Teal W. Benevides, Erna Imperatore Blanche, Barbara A. Brett-Green, Janice P. Burke, Ellen S. Cohn, Jane Koomar, Shelly J. Lane, Lucy Jane Miller, Teresa A. May-Benson, Diane Parham, Stacey Reynolds, Sarah A. Schoen

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

The overall goal of this study was to determine if parasympathetic nervous system (PsNS) activity is a significant biomarker of sensory processing difficulties in children. Several studies have demonstrated that PsNS activity is an important regulator of reactivity in children, and thus, it is of interest to study whether PsNS activity is related to sensory reactivity in children who have a type of condition associated with sensory processing disorders termed sensory modulation dysfunction (SMD). If so, this will have important implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying sensory processing problems of children and for developing intervention strategies to address them. The …

Hip Fracture Types In Men And Women Change Differently With Age, David A. Tanner, Marita Kloseck, Richard G. Crilly, Bert Chesworth, Jason Gilliland

Health Studies Publications

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures are expensive and a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In most studies hip fractures have been viewed as a unitary fracture but recently the two main types of fracture (intertrochanteric and subcapital) have been viewed as two fractures with a different etiology and requiring a different approach to prevention. The relative proportion of intertrochanteric fractures increases with age in women. In previous studies no particular pattern in men has been noted. In this study, we explored changes in the relative proportion of the two fracture types with age in the two genders. METHODS: …

New Approaches To Preventing, Diagnosing, And Treating Neonatal Sepsis, Karen Edmond, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Identifying Institutional Barriers To Addressing Health Disparities, Julia Ashley

Theses and Graduate Projects

Very little progress has been made in decreasing health disparities in communities of color or for American Indians. Government agencies have a role to play in addressing health disparities through the development of policies that support community efforts to address these disparities. Three concepts provided the framework for research exploring barriers: a) imposition of dominant cultural values, b) marginalization and c) institutional racism. The purpose was to conduct qualitative research by interviewing six individuals from organizations that serve communities of color to discover themes related to their experiences with government funding. Two themes emerged related to the purpose of the …

Erk1/2-Akt1 Crosstalk Regulates Arteriogenesis In Mice And Zebrafish, Bin Ren, Yong Deng, Arpita Mukhopadhyay, Anthony A. Lanahan, Zhen W. Zhuang, Karen L. Moodie, Mary Jo Mulligan-Kehoe, Tatiana V. Byzova, Randall T. Peterson, Michael Simons

Dartmouth Scholarship

Arterial morphogenesis is an important and poorly understood process. In particular, the signaling events controlling arterial formation have not been established. We evaluated whether alterations in the balance between ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways could stimulate arterial formation in the setting of defective arterial morphogenesis in mice and zebrafish. Increased ERK1/2 activity in mouse ECs with reduced VEGF responsiveness was achieved in vitro and in vivo by downregulating PI3K activity, suppressing Akt1 but not Akt2 expression, or introducing a constitutively active ERK1/2 construct. Such restoration of ERK1/2 activation was sufficient to restore impaired arterial development and branching morphogenesis in synectin-deficient …

Microrna-31 Functions As An Oncogenic Microrna In Mouse And Human Lung Cancer Cells By Repressing Specific Tumor Suppressors, Xi Liu, Lorenzo F. Sempere, Haoxu Ouyang, Vincent A. Memoli, Angeline S. Andrew, Yue Luo, Eugene Demidenko, Murray Korc, Wei Shi, Meir Preis, Konstantin H. Dragnev, Hua Li, James Direnzo, Mads Bak, Sarah J. Freemantle, Sakari Kauppinen, Ethan Dmitrovsky

Dartmouth Scholarship

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression. It has been suggested that obtaining miRNA expression profiles can improve classification, diagnostic, and prognostic information in oncology. Here, we sought to comprehensively identify the miRNAs that are overexpressed in lung cancer by conducting miRNA microarray expression profiling on normal lung versus adjacent lung cancers from transgenic mice. We found that miR-136, miR-376a, and miR-31 were each prominently overexpressed in murine lung cancers. Real-time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays confirmed these miRNA expression profiles in paired normal-malignant lung tissues from mice and humans. Engineered knockdown of miR-31, but not other highlighted miRNAs, substantially …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - March 7, 2010, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the March 7, 2010 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents include:

• COM Faculty Member Participates In Rotary International End Polio Mission In India
• Dr. Julie Freischlag Presents Frazer/Leigh Endowed Lecture
• In Mobile, It's Pollen Allergy Season
• March Med School Café' - Standing Room Only
• USA Senior Medical Students Await Residency Assignments
• Register Now: 19th Annual Obstetrics & Gynecology Conference

Latent Tuberculosis Among Pregnant Mothers In A Resource Poor Setting In Northern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study, Faheem G. Sheriff, Karim P. Manji, Mohamed P. Manji, Mohamedsuhel M. Chagani, Rose M. Mpembeni, Ahmed Jusabani, Zaheerabbas A. Alwani

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background:

Untreated latent TB infection (LTBI) is a significant risk factor for active pulmonary tuberculosis, hence predisposing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and mother to child transmission. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis in pregnancy and its association, if any, with various socio-demographic, obstetric and clinical characteristics was evaluated.

Methods:

Northern Tanzania was chosen as the study site. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 286 pregnant women from 12 weeks gestational age to term were assessed. Screening was undertaken using an algorithm involving tuberculin skin testing, symptom screening in the form of a questionnaire, sputum testing for acid fast bacilli followed …

Effects Of Leas And Mecury On The Blood Proteome Of Children, Robert E. Birsall, Michael P. Kiley, Zaneer M. Segu, Christopher D. Palmer, Milan Madera, Brooks B. Gump

Falk College Research Center

Heavy metal exposure in children has been associated with a variety of physiological and neurological problems. The goal of this study was to utilize proteomics to enhance the understanding of biochemical interactions responsible for the health problems related to lead and mercury exposure at concentrations well below CDC guidelines. Blood plasma and serum samples from 34 children were depleted of their most abundant proteins using antibody-based affinity columns and analyzed using two different methods, LC-MS/MS and 2-D electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/MS and tandem mass spectrometry. Apolipoprotein E demonstrated an inverse significant association with lead concentrations (average being one microgram/deciliter) as …

Pharmaceutical Philanthropic Shell Games, Lisa Cosgrove, Harold J. Bursztajn

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

In response to increasing public distrust and congressional concerns regarding pharmaceutical company influence on medical research and education, professional organizations have taken steps to phase out or regulate industry-sponsored educational support. A related problem is industry funding of philanthropic organizations, such as patient advocacy groups. Thus, when the office of Sen Charles Grassley (R-Iowa) recently reported that the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill received substantial pharmaceutical funding, there was concern among the membership’s psychiatric patients and their families.

Sonification Report: Status Of The Field And Research Agenda, Gregory Kramer, Bruce Walker, Terri Bonebright, Perry Cook, John H. Flowers, Nadine Miner, John Neuhoff

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Sonification is the use of nonspeech audio to convey information. The goal of this report is to provide the reader with (1) an understanding of the field of sonification, (2) an appreciation for the potential of sonification to answer a variety of scientific questions, (3) a grasp of the potential for sonification applications to facilitate communication and interpretation of data, and (4) specific ideas for productive support of sonification research.

The field is composed of the following three components: (1) psychological research in perception and cognition, (2) development of sonification tools for research and application, and (3) sonification design and …

Computational Pharmacology: Simulating Circuits Of The Brain For Drug Development, Patrick D. Roberts

Systems Science Friday Noon Seminar Series

The pharmaceutical industry is approaching unsustainable research costs to develop new drug therapies for mental disease because of the high failure rate in clinical trials. These failures are due to limitations of pre-clinical studies in animal models that fail to predict the efficacy of new drugs in human subjects. The gap between pre-clinical trials and clinical trials is particularly difficult in complex mental diseases such as schizophrenia because of the complex dynamics of the brain and the multiple chemical pathways that drugs can affect.

However, many biological mechanisms associated with schizophrenia are now understood, and computational power and methods have …

Interview No. 1622, Michael Fushille M.D.

Combined Interviews

He describes the process of getting into medical school, and trying to keep his G.I. benefits. Dr. Fushille enlisted in the Navy before the war and was accepted, but was told to remain in school because they had no place for him. He eventually served on an aircraft carrier during WWII, where he faced hurricanes, fires, and kamikaze attacks by the Japanese. Dr. Fushille served in the combat information center on the carrier as a radar technician. He finished his medical exams in 1957, before returning to New Jersey to complete his internship; by this time he and his wife …

A Pilot Study Of Riders’ Noise Exposure On Bay Area Rapid Transit Trains, Alexis Dinno

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Excessive noise exposure may present a hazard to hearing, cardiovascular and psychosomatic health. Mass transit systems, such as the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, are potential sources of excessive noise. The purpose of this study was to characterize transit noise and riders' exposure to noise on the BART system using three dosimetry metrics.

Assessment Of Tissue Fibrosis In Skin Biopsies From Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Employing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy: An Objective Outcome Measure For Clinical Trials?, Joanna Busquets, Francesco Del Galdo, Eugene Y. Kissin, Sergio A. Jimenez

Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine Papers and Presentations

OBJECTIVES: To obtain an objective, unbiased assessment of skin fibrosis in patients with SSc for use in clinical trials of SSc disease-modifying therapeutics.

METHODS: Skin biopsies from the dorsal forearm of six patients with diffuse SSc and six healthy controls, and skin biopsies from the forearm of one patient with diffuse SSc before and following 1 year treatment with mycophenolate mofetil were analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with specific antibodies against collagen types I and III or fibronectin. The integrated density of fluorescence (IDF) was calculated employing National Institutes of Health-ImageJ software in at least four different fields …

Electronic Medical Records As A Research Tool: Evaluating Topiramate Use At A Headache Center., Michael J. Marmura, Md, Mary Hopkins, Rn, Msn, Jocelyn Andrel, Msph, William B. Young, Md, David M. Biondi, Do, Marcia F.T. Rupnow, Phd, Robert B. Armstrong, Md

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background.—Electronic medical records (EMRs) are used in large healthcare centers to increase efficiency and accuracy of documentation. These databases may be utilized for clinical research or to describe clinical practices such as medication usage.

Methods.—We conducted a retrospective analysis of EMR data from a headache clinic to evaluate clinician prescription use and dosing patterns of topiramate. The study cohort comprised 4833 unique de-identified records, which were used to determine topiramate dose and persistence of treatment.

Results.—Within the cohort, migraine was the most common headache diagnosis (n = 3753, 77.7%), followed by tension-type headache (n = 338, 7.0%) and cluster or …