Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Universal Sexuality Education In Mongolia: Educating Today To Protect Tomorrow, Delia Barcelona, Laura Laski, Caitlin Gerdts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité demonstrates how Mongolia developed a national plan to a provide a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health curriculum and media for adolescents. Among the lessons learned from the Mongolian experience were the following: 1) questions about unwanted sexual relations and sexual roles were the most pressing among adolescents, especially girls; 2) printed media are efficient and inexpensive; and 3) parental opposition was almost nonexistent in certain settings—often they expressed gratitude for this education.

Are We Not Peasants Too? Land Rights And Women's Claims In India, Bina Agarwal

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS explores the critical elements in securing effective and independent land rights for women in South Asia. The author presents a range of cooperative strategies for enabling women to retain and cultivate the land and shows how micro-credit and other programs can be redirected to increase the amount and productivity of land women control. Recognizing that new policies and political will are required to foster and sustain such experiments, the author ends with a summary of how women are organizing to place women’s access to land at the center of national and global agendas.

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2002), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2002 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• Founders’ Day 2002: Presidential Inauguration
• College Bestows Highest Award on Joseph M. Pellettiere, Jr., DO ’48
• Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal Awarded
• The Inflammation Puzzle
• Kenya Trip Opens Student’s Eyes
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• Alumni Weekend 2002
• PCOM Events

Dynamics Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Wild White-Tailed Deer In Michigan, Graham J. Hickling

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

In mid-2001, the author of this report was invited to undertake an exploratory analysis of Michigan Department of Natural Resources’ data on bovine tuberculosis (TB) infection in wild white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern Lower Peninsula of the state. The aims of this analysis were:
• to quantify the geographic spread of tuberculous deer in Michigan;
• to investigate key factors influencing the prevalence of disease in the core of the infected area;
• to interpret the results in light of overseas experience with wildlife TB, with a view to
recommending how current management of the disease might …

Environmental And Farm Management Factors Associated With Tuberculosis On Cattle Farms In Northeastern Michigan, John B. Kaneene, Colleen S. Bruning-Fann, Larry M. Granger, Roseann Miller, Barbara A. Porter-Spalding

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Objective—To identify major environmental and farm management factors associated with the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) on cattle farms in northeastern Michigan.

Design—Case-control study.

Sample Population—17 cattle farms with infected cattle and 51 control farms.

Procedure—Each case farm (laboratory confirmed diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection) was matched with 2 to 4 control farms (negative whole-herd test results within previous 12 months) on the basis of type of farm (dairy or beef) and location. Cattle farm data were collected from in-person interviews and mailed questionnaires. Wildlife TB data were gathered through state wildlife surveillance. Environmental data were gathered …

Tonsillar Lesions In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Naturally Infected With Mycobacterium Bovis, M. V. Palmer, D. L. Whipple, K. L. Butler, S. D. Fitzgerald, C. S. Bruning-Fann, S. M. Schmitt

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

In 1994, a free-living white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Michigan was diagnosed with tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Schmitt and others 1997). Subsequent surveys conducted by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory identified an epidemic of M bovis infection in free-living white-tailed deer in northeast Michigan (Schmitt and others 1997, O'Brien and others 2001). This represents the first known reservoir of M bovis in free-living wildlife in the USA, and the first known epidemic of tuberculosis in white-tailed deer anywhere in the world.

Lesion Development In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Experimentally Infected With Mycobacterium Bovis, M. V. Palmer, W. R. Waters, D. L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The recent discovery of tuberculosis in free-living white-tailed deer in northeastern Michigan underscores the need for increased understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in wildlife species. To investigate lesion development in white-tailed deer, 32 deer were experimentally infected by intratonsilar instillation of 300 colony-forming units of Mycobacterium bovis. Three deer each were euthanatized and examined at days 15, 28, 42, and 56 after inoculation, and five deer each were euthanatized and examined at days 89, 180, 262, and 328 after inoculation. Microscopic lesions first were seen in the medial retropharyngeal lymph node and lung 28 and 42 days after …

Mycobacterium Bovis–Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus): Detection Of Immunoglobulin Specific To Crude Mycobacterial Antigens By Elisa, W. Ray Waters, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have recently emerged as a source of Mycobacterium bovis infection for cattle within North America. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibody response of M. bovis–infected deer to crude mycobacterial antigens. Deer were experimentally inoculated with M. bovis strain 1315 either by intratonsilar instillation or by exposure to M. bovis–infected (i.e., in contact) deer. To determine the time course of the response, including the effects of antigen administration for comparative cervical skin testing, serum was collected periodically and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin (i.e., IgG heavy …

Nitric Oxide Production As An Indication Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, R. E. Sacco, D. L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) are reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in northeast Michigan, USA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is a potent mechanism of mycobacterial killing. The capacity of macrophages to produce NO, however, varies among mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if mononuclear cells from white-tailed deer produce nitrite as an indication of NO production and, if so, is NO produced in response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens. Supernatants were harvested from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures that had been stimulated with either Mannheimia haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or …

Bovine Tuberculosis In Michigan Wildlife And Livestock, Stephen M. Schmitt, Daniel J. O'Brien, Colleen S. Brunning-Fann, Scott D. Fitzgerald

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Since 1994, the state of Michigan has recognized a problem with bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wild white-tailed deer from a 12-county area in northeastern Lower Michigan. A total of 65,000 free-ranging deer have been tested, and 340 have been found to be positive for M. bovis. The disease has been found in other wildlife species, and, in 1998, in domestic cattle, where to date 13 beef cattle and 2 dairy cattle herds have been diagnosed with bovine TB. Unfortunately, the situation is unique in that there have never been reports of self-sustaining bovine TB …

Mycobacterium Smegmatis D-Alanine Racemase Mutants Are Not Dependent On D-Alanine For Growth, Ofelia Chacon, Zhengyu Feng, N. Beth Harris , Nancy E. Caceres, Garry Adams, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium smegmatis is a fast-growing nonpathogenic species particularly useful in studying basic cellular processes of relevance to pathogenic mycobacteria. This study focused on the D-alanine racemase gene (alrA), which is involved in the synthesis of D-alanine, a basic component of peptidoglycan that forms the backbone of the cell wall. M. smegmatis alrA null mutants were generated by homologous recombination using a kanamycin resistance marker for insertional inactivation. Mutants were selected on Middlebrook medium supplemented with 50 mM D-alanine and 20 μg of kanamycin per ml. These mutants were also able to grow in standard and minimal media without …

Derivation Of Risk Based Wipe Surface Screening Levels For Industrial Scenarios, Lisa M. May, Bonnie Gaborek, Tony Pitrat, Laura Peters

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The environmental characterization of building interiors and other surfaces has generally been performed with wipe-sampling because it is a non-destructive technique. There is no consensus, however, as to the interpretation of the results of wipe-sampling. Specifically, there is not a standardized method to determine if chemicals found at sampled levels pose a threat to human health. A methodology was developed, based on acceptable health risk levels, to derive screening levels for evaluating wipe-sampling results pertaining to industrial scenarios. The methodology was based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region IX Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) approach; a multi-exposure methodology …

Mutations In The Yeast Lcb1 And Lcb2 Genes, Including Those Corresponding To The Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I Mutations, Dominantly Inactivate Serine Palmitoyltransferase, Ken Gable, Gongshe Han, Erin Monaghan, Dagmar Bacikova, Mukil Natarajan, Robert W. Williams, Teresa M. Dunn

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

It was recently demonstrated that mutations in the human SPTLC1 gene, encoding the Lcb1p subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), cause hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (1, 2). As a member of the subfamily of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes known as the α-oxoamine synthases, serine palmitoyltransferase catalyzes the committed step of sphingolipid synthesis. The residues that are mutated to cause hereditary sensory neuropathy type I reside in a highly conserved region of Lcb1p that is predicted to be a catalytic domain of Lcb1p on the basis of alignments with other members of the α-oxoamine synthase family. We found that the corresponding mutations …

Grandparent Care In The United States: Comparisons By Race And Ethnicity, Jan Mutchler, Seungah Lee, Lindsey A. Baker

Gerontology Institute Publications

The purpose of this report is to compare information on grandparent caregivers in the United States among members of five different racial and ethnic groups. Many grandparents are responsible for grandchildren who live with them in the same household. The 1996 Welfare Reform Act mandates that statistics be collected on grandparents who serve as caregivers to a grandchild. In response to this requirement, questions were developed for the 2000 Census of Population asking each adult about care for grandchildren living in the same household.2 Data from the 2000 Census 5% Public Use Microdata Sample are used in our calculations. The …

Grandparent Care In The African-American Population, Jan Mutchler, Seungah Lee, Lindsey A. Baker

Gerontology Institute Publications

The purpose of this report is to provide information on African-American grandparent caregivers in the United States. Many grandparents are responsible for grandchildren who live with them in the same household. The 1996 Welfare Reform Act mandates that statistics be collected on grandparents who serve as caregivers to a grandchild. In response to this requirement, questions were developed for the 2000 Census of Population asking each adult about care for grandchildren living in the same household. We use the census information to identify grandparents who are caring for grandchildren in two different types of households: skipped-generation households, in which a …

Working Paper: Elders In Massachusetts Prefer Paid Caregivers, Francis G. Caro

Gerontology Institute Publications

Older Massachusetts residents would rather have paid professionals provide their long-term care than their own children, according to a recent UMass Poll of 461 Massachusetts residents.

Medical Devices: A Stronghold Of The Commonwealth's Economy, Alan Clayton-Matthews

Public Policy and Public Affairs Faculty Publication Series

We benefit from medical devices throughout our lives: Prenatal development is monitored by ultrasound devices, sports injuries are diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging and fixed with arthroscopic tools, and heart blockages are cleared with angioplasties and drug-coated stents. Devices include the simple and mundane—eyeglasses and thermometers—and stretch to the boundaries of technology—laser scalpels, needles embedded with microprocessors, MRI machines, and artificial hearts. All are products of the medical device industry. Massachusetts is one of the nation’s leading states in medical device development and production.

Increased Production Of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines And Enhanced T Cell Responses After Activation Of Human Dendritic Cells With Il-1 And Cd40 Ligand, Amy Wesa, Anne Galy

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Various microbial, inflammatory and immune signals regulate the activation of dendritic cells (DC), determining their ability to interact with naïve T cells and to produce cytokines that direct T cell development. In particular, CD40L and IL-1 cooperatively activate DC to secrete high levels of IL-12. The immuno-stimulatory capacity of such DC is otherwise not well-defined prompting further characterization of the effects of IL-1 and family members on DC activation in comparison with other pro-inflammatory stimuli.

Results

Human DC co-activated in vitro by CD40L and IL-1β expressed numerous cytokine genes including IL-12β, IL-23 p19, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-6, …

Search For Intracranial Aneurysm Susceptibility Gene(S) Using Finnish Families, Jane M. Olson, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Helena Kuivaniemi, Antti Ronkainen, Juha Hernesniemi, Markku Ryynã¤Nen, Lee-Lian Kim, Gerard Tromp

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Cerebrovascular disease is the third leading cause of death in the United States, and about one-fourth of cerebrovascular deaths are attributed to ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IA). Epidemiological evidence suggests that IAs cluster in families, and are therefore probably genetic. Identification of individuals at risk for developing IAs by genetic tests will allow concentration of diagnostic imaging on high-risk individuals. We used model-free linkage analysis based on allele sharing with a two-stage design for a genome-wide scan to identify chromosomal regions that may harbor IA loci.

Methods

We previously estimated sibling relative risk in the Finnish population at between …

Ifn-G-Mediated Transcriptional Induction Of The Ido (Indolamine 2,3-Dioxygenase) Gene Requires Activity Of P68/Pkr Protein Kinase, Ni̇lüfer Gülmen İmi̇r, Ayşegül Nasircilar, Hakan Akça, Teki̇nalp Gelen, Mehmet Öğüş, Şeyda Karaveli̇, Osman Ni̇dai̇ Özeş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We investigated whether the activity of double-stranded RNA activated kinase (p68/PKR) is necessary for induction of IDO (indolamine 2,3 -dioxygenase) gene by IFN-\gamma. For this purpose, we planned to abrogate the function of cellular wt-PKR gene. Clones of ME180 cells expressing the dominant negative form of PKR were selected in the presence of neomycin. Then these cells were treated with IFN-\gamma and accumulation of IDO protein was determined by Western blot analysis. We found that clones expressing the dominant negative form of the PKR gene were not only resistant to IFN-\gamma-mediated killing, but were also incapable of inducing accumulation of …

Intraarticular Cyst Of The Knee, Gülay Yeği̇noğlu, Osman Aynaci, Ahmet Uğur Turhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

GİNOĞLU^1 Osman AYNACI^2 Ahmet Uğur TURHAN^2 Department of ^1Anatomy, ^2Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon - Turkey

Evaluation Of The Prevalence Of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Syndrome In Dental School Students With Psychometric Analysis, Neci̇p Mutlu, Hasan Herken, Eni̇s Güray, Fati̇h Öz, Abdullah Kalayci

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: Despite the increasing volume of evidence implicating psychological factors in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder syndrome, these aspects of management are frequently neglected. In the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome, clinical examination must be accompanied by an evaluation of the patients' emotional condition. In our study, the prevalence of TMJ disorders of dental students and the relation between TMJ disorder syndrome and the emotional condition of the patient were evaluated. Methods: The study group consisted of 156 males and 105 females: a total of 261 students. For the psychometric analysis the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Symptom …

2002 Transactions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Transactions of the ADA, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT). It is from the Transactions section, one of three subtitles that make up the full publication. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Pages from the Annual Reports and the Transactions are numbered consecutively (e.g. Annual Reports volume ends pg. 500 and Transactions volume starts at pg. 501). NOTE: All three subtitles are collectively known as the Transactions of the ADA or, alternatively, the ADA Transactions. Transactions refers …

2002 Annual Reports And Resolutions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Annual Reports and Resolutions subtitle of the ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and Transactions. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Older versions include reports from all departments as subsections, while more recent versions include only those of councils, commissions, and committees.

Comparison Of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli In Outpatient And Inpatient Populations From 1990 To 1996 In Bemidji, Mn, Gail R. Conway, Patrick Guilfoile

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A retrospective study of antibiotic susceptibility was conducted on data from all uropathogenic Escherichia coli submitted to the MeritCare Clinic-Bemidji, MN and the North Country Regional Hospital-Bemidji, MN during 1990, 1993, and 1996. The proportion of antibiotic resistant strains was generally equal or higher in E. coli isolates from community-acquired infections than with E. coli isolates from nosocomial infections. Comparison with antibiotic prescriptions during 1990, 1993, and 1996 provided no clear relation between antibiotics prescribed for outpatient urinary tract infections and the proportion of E. coli strains resistant to those antibiotics. This suggests that factors other than selection for resistance …

Pharmaceuticals: Access, Cost, Pricing, And Directions For The Future, Patricia M. Danzon, Stephen B. Soumerai

Center for Policy Research

Prescription drug expenditures make up less than 10 percent of total personal health care expenditures in the United States, but over the last decade the amount that Americans spend on prescription drugs has grown much faster than any other component of personal health care. For example, between 1999 and 2000, hospital care costs rose about 5 percent, physicians and clinical services 6 percent, while prescription drug expenditures climbed more than 17 percent. In dollar amounts, prescription drug expenditures doubled, from $61 billion to $122 billion, between 1995 and 2000. Is this an unwarranted expense that needs to be controlled, or …

Synapsis: Philadelphia Campus (2002), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

This yearbook includes Trips, Formal, Halloween, Parties, Clinics, AIDS Walk, Clubs, A Capella, American Holistic Medical Association, AHMA, American College Of Osteopathic Family Practitioners, ACOFP, Association Of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons, AMOPS, American Medical Association Medical Student Society, AMA-MSS, American Medical Women's Association, AMWA, Asian Pacific American Medical Student Association, APAMSA, American Medical Student Association, AMSA, Christian Medical And Dental Society, CMDS, Emanuel Fliegelman Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ob/Gyn Club, Daniel Wisely Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Founders' Day Follies, Follies, Geriatrics, Internal Medicine, Phi Sigma Gamma, PSG, (ΦΣΓ), National Boricua Latino Health Organization, NBLHO, Physicians for Social Responsibility. PSR, Public Health, …

Graduate Bulletin, 2002-2004 (2002), Minnesota State University Moorhead

Graduate Bulletins (Catalogs)

No abstract provided.

Women, Poverty, Access To Health Care, And The Perils Of Symbolic Reform, Mary Anne Bobinski, Phyllis Griffin Epps

Faculty Articles

This article looks at health care through gendered eyes. We sift though available data on access to health care, health status, and health treatments to determine whether men and women experience health care differently in the United States. While we do not doubt that overt gender-based discrimination occasionally occurs in health care, this article focuses on the importance of unintended consequences and unconscious bias. We also explore the impact of symbolism about women's roles on the process of health care reform. The results have important implications for policy makers, advocates, and health care providers.

The United States has a large …

Outlook Magazine, Winter 2002

Outlook Magazine

No abstract provided.