Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Enhanced Susceptibility To In Vitro Oxidation Of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins And Antioxidant Status In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Zehra Serdar, Emre Sarandöl, Melahat Di̇ri̇can, Akin Serdar, Di̇lek Yeşi̇lbursa, Asuman Tokullugi̇l

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Lipoprotein oxidation may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and vitamin E and b-carotene have been proposed to prevent the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative susceptibility of apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing lipoproteins and their relation with vitamin E and total carotene levels. The susceptibility of apo B-containing lipoproteins to oxidation, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), serum vitamin E, total carotene, lipid and lipoprotein levels were studied in 177 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 75 non-CAD subjects. All subjects (n = 252) had undergone coronary catheterization. Student's unpaired …

The Relation Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Nitric Oxide Levels To Prognosis And Differential Diagnosis Of Meningitis, Kasim Çeti̇n, Serpi̇l Erol, Hülya Aksoy, Mehmet Akin Taşyaran

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study was designed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the differential diagnosis of bacterial, tuberculous and viral meningitis, and the relation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NO levels and meningitis prognosis. Twenty patients with bacterial meningitis, 9 with tuberculous meningitis, 11 with viral meningitis/meningoencephalitis and 21 control patients were included in the study. CSF NO levels were investigated by measuring the levels of nitrite with a colorimetric test. Mean CSF nitrite levels were 3.9 ± 2.0 µmol/l in bacterial meningitis, 2.7 ± 1.9 µmol/l in tuberculous meningitis, 1.9 ± 1.7 µmol/l in viral meningitis/meningoencephalitis and 1.4 ± …

Individual Cdr3 Regions As Targets For Detection Of Clonal Cells In Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Hakan Savli

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

VLI University of Helsinki Transplantation Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Team, Helsinki - FINLAND

Oxidative Stress In Mothers And Their Newborns In Different Types Of Labour, İdri̇s Mehmetoğlu Akkuş, Ali̇ Kart, Osman Çağlayan, Meti̇n Çapar, Recep Gökçe

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

HMETOĞLU (AKKUŞ)^1 Ali KART^1 Osman ÇAĞLAYAN^1 Metin ÇAPAR^2 Recep GÖKÇE^1 Departments of 1Biochemistry, 2Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University. Konya - Turkey

Report On A Formative Evaluation Conducted For The Youth Against Tobacco Counter Marketing Campaign, Lorelei Cropley, F Mitchell, Peter B. Anderson

Educational Leadership, Counseling, and Foundations

This paper reports the formative evaluation findings of a tobacco counter-marketing campaign and recommendations based on those findings. Focus groups were used w determine reactions to four messages for the Youth Against Tobacco (YAT) campaign. Participants aged eleven to eighteen years old, who resided in the metropolitan New Orleans area. were selected from area schools usiNg convenience sampling. Results indicated that while reactions w the messages were positive overall, some aspects of the messages seemed too complex to be used effectively in the campaign. These results helped to guide modification and selection of messages prior to use in the campaign.

High-Resolution Physical Map For Chromosome 16q12.1-Q13, The Blau Syndrome Locus, Xiaoju Wang, Helena Kuivaniemi, Gina Bonavita, Charlene J. Williams, Gerard Tromp

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The Blau syndrome (MIM 186580), an autosomal dominant granulomatous disease, was previously mapped to chromosome 16p12-q21. However, inconsistent physical maps of the region and consequently an unknown order of microsatellite markers, hampered us from further refining the genetic locus for the Blau syndrome. To address this problem, we constructed our own high-resolution physical map for the Blau susceptibility region.

Results

We generated a high-resolution physical map that provides more than 90% coverage of a refined Blau susceptibility region. The map consists of four contigs of sequence tagged site-based bacterial artificial chromosomes with a total of 124 bacterial artificial …

Safety Behaviour In The Construction Industry, Nick Macdonald, Victor Hrymak

Reports

The influences on safety standards and employee safety behaviour was analysed on 18 large construction sites on the island of Ireland. The safety management and documentation of these sites was also analysed. The results are discussed at length together with comprehensive recommendations for the industry.

Initiation Of Apoptosis In Cells Exposed To Medium From The Progeny Of Irradiated Cells: A Possible Mechanism For "Bystander" Induced Genomic Instability., Fiona Lyng, B. Maguire, B. Mcclean, C. Seymour, Carmel Mothersill

Articles

Much evidence now exists regarding radiation-induced bystander effects, but the mechanisms involved in the transduction of the signal are still unclear. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have been linked to growth factor-mediated regulation of cellular events such as proliferation, senescence, differentiation and apoptosis. Activation of multiple MAPK pathways such as the ERK, JNK and p38 pathways have been shown to occur after exposure of cells to radiation and a variety of other toxic stresses. Previous studies have shown oxidative stress and calcium signaling to be important in radiation-induced bystander effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate …

An Instructional Manual For Implementation Of Voice Recognition (Vr) In Written Communication, Lori Odagiri

All Graduate Projects

This project investigated the use of voice recognition for written communication. The literature review revealed a lack of research in using voice recognition with individuals with disabilities. An instructional manual consisting of a step-by-step process to guide students through the general training process and teaching students the additional features of the program to promote independent use of Dragon Naturally Speaking Version 5 for written communication. Field tests were completed with 3 students, two with physical disabilities and one with a learning disability.

Review Of Medicine And The German Jews: A History, John Stephen Brantley

Faculty & Staff Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Review Of Communication Disorders In Multicultural Populations, John Brantley

Faculty & Staff Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

The Herbicide Paraquat Causes Up-Regulation And Aggregation Of Α-Synuclein In Mice: Paraquat And Α-Synuclein, Amy B. Manning-Bog, Alison L. Mccormack, Jie Li, Vladimir N. Uversky, Anthony L. Fink, Donato A. Di Monte

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

α-Synuclein-containing aggregates represent a feature of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, mechanisms that promote intraneuronal α-synuclein assembly remain poorly understood. Because pesticides, particularly the herbicide paraquat, have been suggested to play a role as PD risk factors, the hypothesis that interactions between α-synuclein and these environmental agents may contribute to aggregate formation was tested in this study. Paraquat markedly accelerated the in vitro rate of α-synuclein fibril formation in a dose-dependent fashion. When mice were exposed to the herbicide, brain levels of α-synuclein were significantly increased. This up-regulation followed a consistent pattern, with higher α-synuclein …

Elucidation Of The Molecular Mechanism During The Early Events In Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloid Fibrillation: Evidence For An Off-Pathway Oligomer At Acidic Ph, Pierre O. Souillac, Vladimir N. Uversky, Ian S. Millett, Ritu Khurana, Sebastian Doniach, Anthony L. Fink

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Light chain amyloidosis involves the systemic pathologic deposition of monoclonal light chain variable domains of immunoglobulins as insoluble fibrils. The variable domain LEN was obtained from a patient who had no overt amyloidosis; however, LEN forms fibrils in vitro, under mildly destabilizing conditions. The in vitro kinetics of fibrillation were investigated using a wide variety of probes. The rate of fibril formation was highly dependent on the initial protein concentration. In contrast to most amyloid systems, the kinetics became slower with increasing LEN concentrations. At high protein concentrations a significant lag in time was observed between the conformational changes …

Positive And Negative Roles Of Cd72 In B Cell Function., Hsin-Jung Wu, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Regulation of B cell activation depends on integration of signals transmitted by the B cell receptor (BCR) and a variety of co-receptors. CD72 is a B cell co-receptor that is expressed in all stages of B cell development except plasma cells. Ligation of CD72 enhances B cell growth and differentiation. Recently, the class IV semaphoring, CD100, has been identified as the natural ligand for CD72. Cytoplasmic domain of CD72 has been shown to be associated with SHP-1 leading to the proposal that the positive effects of CD72 on B cell response may result from sequestration of negative signals from BCR. …

Cases And Guidelines In Genetics, Roger B. Dworkin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Written Symposium On Public Health And International Law, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Bioterrorism, Public Health, And International Law, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Living Arrangements And Socio-Demographic Conditions Of Older Adults In Cambodia, Zachary Zimmer, Sovan Kiry Kim

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Since the takeover of Cambodia by the Khmer Rouge in 1975, analysis of social conditions in the country has been lacking. Only recently has dependable socio-demographic data become available. We use some of these data to examine living arrangements and other socio-demographic conditions among Cambodia’s older population and compare results to those recently found in Thailand and Vietnam. On balance, living arrangements in Cambodia are similar to those in neighboring countries. Older adults are likely to be living with a grown child and in a variety of arrangements involving different family members. To determine gender preference for coresident children we …

Sustainability Of Postabortion Care In Peru, Janie Benson, Victor Huapaya

Reproductive Health

The goal of this study was to determine the sustainability of the postabortion care (PAC) training and service delivery intervention introduced in the Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión in Lima, Peru, and the extent to which the outcomes of the intervention have continued. The objectives of the study were to assess changes over time in the following outcomes: the use of manual vacuum aspiration for incomplete abortion, provision of family planning information to postabortion patients, acceptance of contraception by postabortion patients prior to discharge, provision of medical care information to patients, length of hospital stay, and resources used by the …

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 01, January 2002, Dawn Chalaire, Mariann Crapanzano

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Preserving and Restoring the Ability to Swallow in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Requires a Team Approach
• Modified Barium Swallow Helps Speech Pathologists Determine What Patients Are Able to Eat
• House Call: Common Cancers, Common Symptoms
• Portal Vein Embolization Offers More Pateints an Opportunity for Potentially Curative Hepatic Resection

Capacitación Y Apoyo De Científicos En Población De Países En Desarrollo: Un Informe De Panel—Resumen Y Recomendaciones, Jane Menken, Ann K. Blanc, Cynthia B. Lloyd

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Desde su inicio, el Population Council ha reconocido la importancia y el valor que tiene la capacitación del científico en población de países en desarrollo. A partir de 1952, el programa de becas en ciencias sociales del Council ha logrado mantener sus objetivos habiéndo otorgado aproximadamente 1500 becas hacia la capacitación pre- y pos-doctoral en estudios de población. Aunque la demanda de científicos en población continúa firme, el campo ha cambiado considerablemente desde aquellos primeros años, de modo que una reevaluación del programa se tornó necesaria. La Fundación Mellon en el año 2000 otorgó fondos para un proyecto de evaluación …

Changes In Functional Limitations And Survival Among The Elderly In Taiwan: 1993, 1996, And 1999, Zachary Zimmer, Linda G. Martin, Ming-Cheng Chang

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper focuses on changes in the prevalence of functional limitations among nationally representative samples of adults aged 65 and older in Taiwan as measured in 1993, 1996, and 1999. Using data from the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan, we investigate changes in difficulties walking and climbing stairs, two tasks that represent basic lower body movements that are less likely to be influenced by changes in living environments and social roles than are activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Results are shown for both unadjusted prevalence rates and rates adjusted …

How Community Structures Of Time And Opportunity Shape Adolescent Sexual Behavior In South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman, Shelley Clark, Ntsiki Manzini, Julian May

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Recently, South Africa has led the world in rates of HIV/AIDS infection. Particularly among young adults, the prevalence of HIV has soared, now reaching 25 percent. The statistics suggest a high level of unprotected sex and risky sexual behavior even in the midst of high levels of knowledge. Research has focused on the dynamics of individuals’ and partners’ sexual decisionmaking. Little is known, however, about the larger context in which those decisions are made. What are the everyday experiences that influence risk-taking? Are young people with little to do more likely to engage in risky behavior? Do community opportunities of …

The Elderly And Aids: Coping Strategies And Health Consequences In Rural Tanzania, Julia Dayton, Martha Ainsworth

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The elderly are often especially likely to be adversely affected by the death from AIDS of prime-aged adults. The authors use a longitudinal survey of households from northwestern Tanzania in 1991-94 to compare the activities and wellbeing of the elderly in households before and after the death of a prime-aged adult with those of the elderly in households that did not experience the death of an adult. A significant proportion of adults suffering from AIDS return to their parents’ home shortly before death. Time spent by the elderly performing household chores rises following an adult’s death, and their participation in …

Pregnant Or Positive: Adolescent Childbearing And Hiv Risk In South Africa, Naomi Rutenberg, Carol E. Kaufman, Kate Macintyre, Lisanne Brown, Ali Mehyrar Karim

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In communities where early age of childbearing is common and HIV prevalence is high, adolescent boys and girls may place themselves at risk of HIV to realize their childbearing preferences. In this paper, we analyze survey data from Kwa-Zulu-Natal province that explores whether an association exists between pregnancy preferences and behavioral and perceptual measures of HIV risk among adolescents in South Africa. Our analysis is based on data from 1,426 sexually active respondents aged 14-22 who participated in wave 1 of the “Transitions to Adulthood in the Context of AIDS in South Africa” study. We use logistic regression to model …

Premarital Sex In Vietnam: Is The Current Concern With Adolescent Reproductive Health Warranted?, Barbara Mensch, Wesley H. Clark, Dang Nguyen Anh

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

To the extent that research on Vietnamese adolescents has been conducted, it has been concerned with unprotected and unsanctioned sexual activity and its health consequences, namely abortion and sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV. The question we pose is whether this concern is warranted. Is the population community justified in focusing its attention on early sexual activity and HIV risk? Even if the sexual behavior of young people can be considered problematic, are there perhaps other aspects of young people’s lives that should give us greater pause? The paper reviews the literature on adolescent sexual behavior in Vietnam and analyzes data …

The Effect Of Gender Differences In Primary School Access, Type, And Quality On The Decision To Enroll In Rural Pakistan, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Cem Mete, Zeba Sathar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The paper explores the effect of primary school access, type, and quality on the decision to enroll in rural Pakistan using a 1997 survey especially designed for this purpose. A unique contribution of the paper is the construction of gender-specific dimensions of school accessibility and school quality according to school type (i.e., public vs. private). Within the same village, girls and boys often face starkly different options for schooling in terms of distance, type, and quality. Public primary schools are segregated by sex; private schools, whose numbers have grown rapidly in recent years in response to rising demand and the …

'Bus Fare, Please': The Economics Of Sex And Gifts Among Adolescents In Urban South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman, Stavros E. Stavrou

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Force or coercion are often a part of sexual relationships in South Africa, especially among adolescents. This coercion is also often pinioned by an economic exchange: gifts or favours for sex. Studies have pointed out the negative consequences of the exchanges which are often characterised by large age differences (‘sugar daddies’) or power imbalances. Perhaps more pervasive but largely ignored, gift-giving in same-age relationships also may be associated with sexual leverage, an exchange which somehow entitles one partner physical and sexual rights to the other’s body. The circumstances surrounding gifts and favours may shape young women’s and men’s sexual experiences, …

Social Organization And Reproductive Behavior In Southern Ghana, Dominic K. Agyeman, John B. Casterline

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The objective of this research is to examine the association between social organization and reproductive behavior in one setting in sub-Saharan Africa. The particular focus is on the effects of social organization on the diffusion of innovative reproductive ideas and behaviors. Social diffusion is assumed to be strongly affected by patterns of informal social interaction, and these in turn are assumed to be determined in part by the social organization of local communities (gender relations, employment activity, voluntary organizations). The research draws on data collected in six communities in southern Ghana. The analysis reveals a weaker than expected association between …

Universal Sexuality Education In Mongolia: Educating Today To Protect Tomorrow, Delia Barcelona, Laura Laski, Caitlin Gerdts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité demonstrates how Mongolia developed a national plan to a provide a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health curriculum and media for adolescents. Among the lessons learned from the Mongolian experience were the following: 1) questions about unwanted sexual relations and sexual roles were the most pressing among adolescents, especially girls; 2) printed media are efficient and inexpensive; and 3) parental opposition was almost nonexistent in certain settings—often they expressed gratitude for this education.