Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Observations From A Study Tour Of Bangladesh And Indonesia On Their Family Welfare Programme, M.E. Khan, Jayanti Tuladhar, R.B. Gupta, Ubaidur Rob, Meiwita B. Iskandar

Reproductive Health

Bangladesh has a successful family planning (FP) program and has succeeded in bringing about a demographic transition at a much faster rate than many of its neighboring countries. The contraceptive prevalence rate in Bangladesh increased from 3 percent in 1971 to 45 percent in 1993, and the fertility rate decreased from 7.0 to 3.4 births per woman during the same period. This reflects the effort that the Government of Bangladesh, with the help of international agencies, has made to educate couples about FP and increase access and choice of contraceptive methods, even in remote areas. Another predominantly Muslim country that …

Monitoring Of Macro-Level Family Planning Quality Of Care Indicators, Meiwita B. Iskandar

Reproductive Health

The success of population development in Indonesia can be seen partly from success in reducing population growth. Population growth has declined from 2.32 percent (1971–80) to 1.98 percent (1980–90), and then to 1.66 percent (1990–95). The continued slowing of population growth is expected to bring expanded opportunities for economic development and improved quality of life. The success of family planning (FP) programs cannot be judged solely on reduction of population growth but should also be judged in terms of quality of care (QOC) and success in helping women achieve their reproductive goals. The Indonesian National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) …

Adolescent Reproductive Health: Booklet For Parents, Rieny H. Hardjono, Rashmi Pachauri Rajan

Reproductive Health

In Indonesia, collaboration between the Center for Health Research, University of Indonesia, National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN), UNFPA Jakarta, and the Population Council resulted in production and distribution of two prototype modules as basic materials on reproductive health for families with school-age children and adolescents. An updated version for both parents and adolescents was published by BKKBN. The Population Council believed that international versions (in English) would be of value, as the gaps in information are similar worldwide with respect to topics covered by these modules. Youth are constantly thirsty for knowledge pertaining to their health, particularly their reproductive …

Towards Safe Womanhood: Supporting Safe Motherhood Initiatives And Women's Participation In Development, Meiwita B. Iskandar

Reproductive Health

Improvement in a woman’s quality of life is a prerequisite for development of human resources, because the quality of children’s physical and mental development is inextricably tied to the health and welfare of women as future mothers. If a mother is well protected during the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, the risk of illness and other problems in fetuses and newborn babies will be reduced. On the other hand, if a woman does not survive the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, her fetus or newborn will also be threatened. This paper provides a situation analysis of pregnant women, women in …

Country Profile Of Women's Health And Development In Indonesia, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The “Country Profile of Women’s Health and Development in Indonesia” contains a thorough review of the following: Geographical, Political, Socio-Demographic, and Economic Profile of Indonesia; Status of Women; and Women’s Health Status. In view of the complexity of the problems facing women, the document concludes that Indonesia needs a plan for the future with a gender perspective that prioritizes increased life expectancy, legal protection, and empowerment for women. To reach this goal, Indonesia started by ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and set it into law in 1984. This convention, together with …

Technical Assistance To Enhance The Institutionalization Of Operations Research Within The Philippines Family Planning Program, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This technical assistance project supports the goal of the Asia Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) project of helping strengthen family planning (FP)/reproductive health (RH) operations research (OR) capabilities in the Philippines. During the extension period of the ANE OR/TA project, four OR studies were implemented in the Philippines dealing with cross-cutting issues, including a study to assess the feasibility of integrating RTI management within FP/MCH programs; an intervention study dealing with improving quality of care via expanded FP counseling; an intervention to address high unmet need in Pangasinan Province; and an intervention study to increase male …

The Life Saver: The Mother Friendly Movement In Indonesia, Abdullah Cholil, Meiwita B. Iskandar, Rosalia Sciortino

Reproductive Health

The focus of this book is the Mother Friendly Movement in Indonesia, a collective effort to reduce maternal mortality. The idea of documenting the Mother Friendly Movement or Gerekan Sayang Ibu (GSI) was originally suggested by Her Excellency Mien Sugandhi, the State Minister for the Role of Women, Republic of Indonesia, in the belief that the Indonesian experience in reducing maternal mortality would be relevant to other countries struggling with the same problem. The authors were entrusted with producing an illustrated monograph on the pilot projects implemented in eight districts from June to December 1997. Besides extensively monitoring these activities, …

Male Involvement Through Reproductive Health Awareness In Bukidnon Province, The Philippines: An Intervention Study, Lita Palma-Sealza, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez

Reproductive Health

Recent years have been characterized by an increasing consensus that, in order to support women's goals and aspirations, health programs directed to the improvement of women's and children's health must consider men's perspectives. Although family planning (FP) is often viewed as the woman's responsibility, men have an important role in decisions of whether FP will be practiced and which method will be used. Even though gender relations in the Philippines are often characterized as being relatively egalitarian, there are several reasons for believing that male involvement in FP is highly relevant for this country. Studies indicate that not only are …

Improving Quality Of Care In Fp/Rh Of Selected Communities Of Pangasinan Province: An Intervention Study, Zelda C. Zablan, Josefina V. Cabigon, Luzviminda Muego, Marilou P. Costello, Chona R. Echavez

Reproductive Health

This intervention study was designed to improve the quality of family planning (FP) services within the Integrated Family Planning and Maternal Health Program of the Pangasinan Population and Family Planning Program in the Philippines. It addresses high unmet need and studies the feasibility of enhancing quality of services by training service providers in fixed clinics and orienting outreach workers on the method of identifying women who have unmet need for FP. Four municipalities were chosen from the 47 municipalities comprising the province of Pangasinan and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Four indicators were used to match the chosen …

The Medicare Program: Ripe For Reform, Gina M. Barhoumy

Theses

This thesis will evaluate several proposals to reform the Medicare system and how those proposals differ in terms of focus on either financial restructuring or care delivery redesign. This thesis proposes that an emphasis on managed care strategies will represent an effective way to reform the Medicare system.

The purpose of the study is to consider how a shift in focus from acute care treatment to illness prevention and chronic disease management would salvage the Medicare program. The thesis will further explore how an acute care focus has affected the Medicare program, turning a social policy into fuel that feeds …

The Efficacy Of A 'Spacer' In The Delivery Of Salbutamol For The Prevention Of Exercise-Induced Asthma, David G. Reed

Theses : Honours

Salbutamol is a Beta-2-agonist, commonly prescribed for the prevention and reversal of Exercise induced asthma (EIA). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a spacer device in the delivery of salbutamol for the prevention of EIA Thirteen confirmed asthmatic subjects (10 female and 3 male), completed 3 exercise test sessions consisting of three treatments a) Ventolin via MDI (metered dose inhaler) and placebo via spacer, b) Ventolin via spacer and placebo via MDI and c) Placebo via spacer and MDI, randomly administered utilising a single blind, cross--over design. Following treatment, subjects completed an asthmogenic physical challenge …

Sense Of Effort Associated With Exercise In The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Karen E. Wallman

Theses : Honours

Investigations into the mediators of effort sensation have indicated that central mechanisms related to corollary discharges may be responsible for an increased sense of effort during fatiguing isometric exercise. The role for central mediators for sense of effort have been objectively demonstrated through use of contralateral limb matching tasks. Subjects diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often report prevalent fatigue associated with a greater sense of effort when involved in exercise. This study employed a fatiguing contralateral limb-matching task in order to determine if CFS subjects (n == 6) experienced an altered sense of effort associated with the task when …

The Participant's Perception Of The Contribution Of Lyengar Yoga To Their Health And Well-Being, Ann Dragon

Theses : Honours

To date little research has been conducted to substantiate the many anecdotal claims that yoga improves both physical and mental health. Berger and Owen (1992) demonstrated that yoga practice could enhance mood state. Mind-body exercise modalities, such as tai chi and yoga, potentially offer significant benefit in the areas of exercise rehabilitation and health promotion strategy (LaForge, 1997). Yoga is steadily gaining popularity amongst western culture with an increasing number of people participating in this mind-body exercise modality. Investigating the perceived contribution of regular yoga practice to health and well-being could uncover a number of positive 'indicators towards exercise adherence …

The Roles Of Transferrin Receptor In T Cell Activation, Allison Lorayne Bayer

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Transferrin receptor (TfR) appears on activated T cells following interaction of the antigen-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with the T cell receptor (TCR) and the resulting expression of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Previous work in the laboratory has demonstrated allograft prolongation following administration of anti-TfR monoclonal antibody (mAb). Studies in the area of cancer immunotherapy have shown that TfR blockade and modulation deprives the tumor of iron, which is essential for continued growth and proliferation, while TfR modulation results in poor T cell proliferation, respectively. This dissertation focuses on the hypothesis that modulation of T cell TfR expression is associated with altered …

Outlook Magazine, Fall 1998

Outlook Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of An Environment Modification On Fear Of Falling In Institutionalized Older Persons, Joann L. Munski

Masters Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of an environmental modification on fear of falling in institutionalized older persons. A pretest-post-test experimental design was used to analyze data collected on 40 residents of a long term care facility. The subjects were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups. Fear of falling was measured by Dayhoflf Baird, Bennett, & Backer’s Falling Questionnaire (1994). The experimental group received an environmental modification. The Pull, in their living area for six weeks while the control group did not receive any intervention. T-test and analysis of covariance were used to test …

Does Clinical Experience Affect Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Compliance With Universal Precautions?, Donna B. Jeffe, Sunitha Mutha, Lynn E. Kim, Bradley A. Evanoff, Paul B. L'Ecuyer, Victoria J. Fraser

Occupational and Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Reactive Oxygenmetabolites, And The Surgeon, A.Özdemir Aktan, A. Süha Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

An Investigation On Adherence Of Cryptococcusneoformans Serotypes (A, B, C And D) In Ratlung Cell Culture, Şinasi Taner Yildiran, Hüseyin Gün

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Cryptococcus neoformans causes an opportunistic infection known as cryptococcosis principally in immunocompromised individuals. It is not clearly known whether the serotype of the infecting strain of Cryptococcus neoformans has its own properties related to its adherence to host tissues in disease process. Here, the adherence of each serotype (A, B, C, and D) was investigated using primary rat lung cell culture in a timedependent manner. After the confluent monolayer of primary rat lung cell culture was obtained, the adherence assay was performed. The mean binding index (Bl) value of serotype D was statistically significant(p0.05). These findings suggest that the adherence …

How Hyperosmolar Solutions (Glucose 30%) Mayprevent Stress Induced Ulcers In Rats, Mustafa Yandi, Nazim Ağaoğlu, Tevhide Sel, Nihat Mansur

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

It is accepted that administration of hyperosmolar solutions (glucose 30%) prevent stress-induced ulcers in the rats; but their mechanisms of action are not elucidated. In this study, we have investigated whether glucose is absorbed or not through the gastric wall. C14 labelled glucose solution of 30% was given to groups A (n=6), and B (n=8) and physiologic serum to group C(n=7). Restriction of movement with cold application was performed in group B and C. Ulcer indexes were 0.56±0.12 in group A, 0.83±0.27 in group B and 1.63±0.43 in group C. Net absorption rates were 12.2±4.8 %, 23.01±8.3 % and 53.1±4.65 …

The Role Of Vasopressin In Reduced Renalmass-Saline Hypertension, Besim Özaykan, Ayşe Doğan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The cause of reduced renal mass (RRM)-saline hypertension is not clear. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the role of vasopressin (AVP) in this type of hypertension by using selective V 1 antagonist of AVP. RRM was performed in 32 normotensive male Wistar rats under anesthesia in which we used a mixture of ketamine (130 mg/kg, i.m.) and chlorpromazine (1.3 mg/kg, i.m.). After a one-week of recovery period, all of the rats were given a low sodium diet and either distilled water (group 1) or 1% NaCl (group 2) as drinking water for 4 weeks. Five weeks after …

The Effects Of Phenoxybenzamine On Tyrosinehydroxylase (Th) And Th Mrna Level In Adrenalmedulla Of Sprague Dawley Rats, Muhittin Yürekli̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The effects of anti-hipertensive phenoxybenzamine were in-vestigated on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme activity and TH mRNA levels. In the present study 5 months male sprague dawley (SD) rats were used. Phenoxybenzamine was injected i.p as 20 mg/kg which prepared in the 0.9 % NaCl and 5% ethanole. TH activity was measured by detecting of formation of 3 H 2 O as a formation of dopa from 3 H-tyrosine by radioisotope technique total adrenal RNA was isolated and hybridized wit 32 P labeled cDNA. TH mRNA was assayed by densitometric scanning of the autoradiograms using a densitometer. TH activity and TH …

Laminar Distribution Of The Sources Ofascending Spino-Supraspinal Pathways Involvedin Nociceptive Transmission And Pain Modulation, Figen Gövsa, Gülgün Kayalioğlu, Berrin Erdem, Vladimir A. Maisky, Nuran Hariri

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In the present study, we made an attempt to detect more exactly the laminar distribution of spinomesencephalic, spinothalamic and spinotelencephalic tract neurons and to estimate the character of axonal collateralization in these spinosupraspinal pathways in the rat by means of retrograde double-labelling of cells with Fluoro-Gold (FG) and Primuline O (Pr). We found that sources of spino-supraspinal pathways to the upper centers of the brain stem, nucleus accumbens and septal nuclei were mixed together in the marginal zone, deep dorsal horn, reticulated area, lamina X and the lateral spinal nucleus, but have as a rule their own discrete projection fields. …

The Effect Of Pre-And Postnatal Cd Exposure Onconduction Velocity In Sciatic Nerve, Piraye Yargiçoğlu, Aysel Ağar, Ümit Kemal Şentürk, Nimet İzgüt Uysal, Derya Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The purpose of the study has been to investigate the effect of preand postnatal Cd exposure on conduction velocity of sciatic nerve. Pregnant Swiss albino rats were divided into three groups as control (C), cadmium (Cd) and non-cadmium (NCd) groups. Control animals received tap water while rats in Cd group received Cd as CdCl 2 in their drinking water during the experimental period. The mothers of the NCd group were given Cd during their pregnancy but given tap water after birth. Twenty-two days after birth (postnatal day 22) the rats were separated from the mothers. The present study was performed …

The Validity Of Mahmood Scoring System Inmeningiomas, Sülen Sarioglu, M Serefettin Canda, Tülay Canda, Fulya Çakalağaoğlu, Nagihan Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Meningiomas are well known for their diverse histological apperance. Although generally considered benign, their behaviour is unpredictable and characterized by frequent recurrences. Histopathological features associated with aggressive behaviour have been described, but even the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system provides broad criteria for malignancy. Mahmood et al. described a scoring system, based on 6 histopathological features, establishing objective criteria. In this study, 73 specimens from 61 cases which were diagnosed as meningioma have been reviewed and scored by the criteria described by Mahmood et al. in order to search for the availability of the application of the system. Out …

Blood Lactate/Pyruvate As A Predictor Of Shockdevelopment In Acute Myocardial Infarction, Arzu Seven, Sabiha Ci̇velek, Figen Kocaman, Lale Koldaş, Gülden Candan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study, designed to investigate the blood lactate and pyruvate levels in AMI, was carried out on 41 patients. Based upon the localization of AMI, the patients were studied under anterior AMI (n=17), anteroseptal AMI (n=9) and inferior AMI (n=15) groups. Left ventricular failure developed in five patients with anterior AMI and in one patient with anteroseptal AMI. Cardiogenic shock developed in two patients with anterior AMI. Lactate and pyruvate were analysed in the blood samples drawn 24-48 hours after AMI. CPK, CPK-MB, AST and LDH activities were determined in the sera of blood samples drawn within 6-24 hours of …

Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria And Cerebralabnormalities, Mehmet Helvaci, Buket Özkaya, Işın Yaprak, Üstün Ezer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effects Of The N-Ras Oncogene On The Expression Of Other Cellular Genes In Co25 Myoblast Cells, Hülya Zeyti̇noğlu, Ian Gibson

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The effects of the N- ras oncogene on the transcription levels of c- myc, p53, c-K-ras and b-actin genes have been investigated by Northern blotting in a cell line which normally differentiates into myotubes. Treatment of cells with dexamethasone activates N- ras gene, then cells proliferate and form foci. The transcription level of c- myc gene was generally high during transformation whereas c-K- ras mRNAs levels were high during differentiation. Following induction of the N- ras oncogene, the level of c-myc mRNA first decreased in two days and then increased in three and four days. During differentiation, c-K- ras mRNA …

Effects Of Acute Hypothyroidism On Brainstemauditory Evoked Potentials (Baeps), Metin Özata, Abdullah Özkardeş, M. Ali Gündoğan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Although functional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nerves are well documented in overt hypothyroidism, little is known about alterations of CNS in acute hypothyroidism. Sixteen patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were studied when prepared for radioiodine scanning after stopping levothyroxine (LT 4 ) therapy for 6 weeks to determine whether acute hypothyroidism leads to alteration in brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). Repeat BAEPs were performed on the same patients at 6 months of the following L-T 4 therapy when patients were eu-thyroid. Neurophysiological findings were compared with a group of 20 normal controls with no hystory …

Alterations Of Erythrocyte And Plasma Lipid Peroxides As Well As Antioxidant Mechanism In Patients With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus (Niddm), Yıldız Atamer, Yüksel Koçyi̇ği̇t, Aytaç Atamer, Nuriye Mete, Naime Canoruç, Gülten Toprak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

It has been maintained that free oxygen radicals (FOR) that occur in cell have important roles in the ethiopathogenesis of diabet, and that cell damage progressing as a result of their accumulation is responsible for the development of diabetic complications. In recent years, along with free oxygen radicals, antioxidant mechanisms and the substances influencing as free radical cleaner have been investigated in connection with diabet. With this respect, in a total of 30 patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), 15 with diabetic retinopathy and 15 without diabetic retinopathy, and in 20 healthy subjects, we measured glutathione (GSH), catalase and …