Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evaluating Bone Fracture Healing Utilizing Doppler Imaging Modes, Shear Wave Elastography, X-Ray And Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry In A Rabbit Model, Priscilla Machado, Rachel Blackman, Ji-Bin Liu, Flemming Forsberg, Traci Fox

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

The healing of a bone fracture is a complex, multistage process consisting of inflammation in the local tissue, angiogenesis, callus formation, and eventually, remodeling and restoration of the bone to its original morphology. It is estimated that 5-10% of fractures do not heal properly and exhibit non-union of the fractured bone segments, with long-term complications compared to properly healed fractures. There is great clinical benefit in the ability to have early detection of impending non-union fractures, and diagnostic ultrasound can be used to image formation of the callus in a healing fracture through the use of different imaging modes. …

Localization Of The Multidrug Efflux Pump, Cdr1, In The Fluconazole-Resistant Ent2 Mutant Candida Albicans Strain, Ty Moyer, Sean Chadwick, Scott Gygax, Paula Mccourt

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

Deletion of the ENT2 gene in Candida albicans causes the mutant strain to exhibit fluconazole resistance despite having susceptibility prior to this mutation. It was hypothesized that the gain of resistance was sourced by the disruption in endocytic functions, specifically the inability to properly recycle the drug efflux pump, Cdr1. To fully analyze this mutation's effects on the endocytic functions of C. albicans, the Cdr1 protein was tagged in a wild type strain with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its localization was examined via fluorescence microscopy. To examine Cdr1 protein localization in the ent2 mutant strain, tagging of …

Design And Validation Of A Multiplex Qpcr Assay For The Diagnosis Of Bacterial Vaginosis, Morgan G. Shriver, Richard Sunday, Zi-Xuan Wang, Scott Gygax

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

Current diagnostic criteria and treatment options for bacterial vaginosis (BV) commonly result in the misdiagnosis and/or mistreatment of the active infection, as well as subsequent reinfection with BV. This project aims to design and validate a multiplex qPCR assay as a means to accurately detect and quantify populations of dysbiotic Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera Type 1 & Type 2, Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2 (BVAB2), as well as the commensal Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus gasseri in vaginal specimen for the accurate diagnosis of BV. As these bacterial species are generally unable to be …

Engineered Car19 T-Cells To Demonstrate In Vitro Antileukemia Activity, Khushi Shah, Gian Zhang, Michael Milone

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

The Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells, also known as CAR T-cells, are a revolutionary approach to cancer treatment. They are engineered Tlymphocytes and recombinant receptors for specific antigens. They are mainly responsible for redirecting specificity, activation, and function of T lymphocytes and other immune cells in a single molecule. It attaches to the cancer cells, thereby leading to the destruction of the tumor. The CAR Tcells are made up of different domains, which include Antigen Binding Domain (CD19), Hinge, and Transmembrane Region, followed by Co- Stimulatory Domain (CD28) and T-cell Activation Domain (CD3). The Antigen Binding Domain recognizes the specific …

Capa: Quality Control Testing Of Laboratory Plates, Div Galdi, Bryn Mallon

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

The purpose of a Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) investigation is to identify and address errors, deviations, and compliance issues to ensure the integrity, reliability, and quality of research and biomanufacturing. In the biotech industry, where identifying and rectifying root causes of errors is key to ensuring quality data and preventing future errors, CAPA plays a crucial role. The Jefferson Biotechnology (JBT) lab was asked to investigate the sterility of a biotech supplier’s microbiological agar plates, when a client reported contamination in their agar plates, suspecting contamination prior to sleeve opening. By attempting to reproduce our client's results through …

Empowering Students With 5s Organizational Skills For Research Laboratory Optimization, Paula Mccourt, Phd

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

5S (Sort, Set-in-order, Shine, Standardize and Sustain) is a cost-effective organizational methodology frequently employed by biotech research labs and biomanufacturing to streamline optimization of production. Educational research labs offer experiential learning opportunities and serve as ideal environments for implementing 5S principles within undergraduate and graduate biotechnology curricula. In the Jefferson Biotechnology Program, the newly updated “Lab Design and Stewardship (BT303/503)” lecture and laboratory course, now integrates the 5S methodology into biotech student skill development. Participants in the BT303/503 course are instructed to improve workspaces within the biotechnology laboratory to bolster safety, efficiency, and inventory and equipment management. Through a …

Retention Of Respiratory Therapists: A Systems Thinking Approach, Jerin G. Juby, Dmgt, Rrt

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

Respiratory therapists are an integral part of the healthcare workforce in the United States. The healthcare workforce shortage accelerated by the COVID global pandemic has impacted respiratory therapy departments across the nation, with organizations struggling to hire and retain staff. The prevailing approaches in combating this are linear in nature and do not consider the complexity of the system. This mode of thinking does not adequately consider the characteristics and influences of the containing system, the many elements within the problematic organizational system, or their interdependencies and interactions. This study frames retention as a complex system problem wherein organizations …

Natural Products Ireland: From Bioactives To The Bioeconomy - A Systems-Based Approach, Gaia Scalabrino

Oxford ICSB

Natural Products (NP) are on the rise across the world, driven by economic, environmental, health and societal needs. An increasing focus has been placed on the role of boglands within climate change as peatlands store 1/3 of the world’s soil carbon and provide water storage. With our project ‘Unlocking Nature’s Pharmacy’ we aim to increase public awareness and drive Ireland towards a bioeconomy where Natural Product Science (NPS) plays a key role. At the NatPro Centre, the Trinity Centre for Natural Products Research, we use systems-based approaches (SBA), for example looking at the bogs of Ireland, to identify innovative bio-based …

Cold-Water Extract Of Nerium Oleander Leaves Inhibits Cancer: From Bench To Bedside, Thomas Efferth, Luay J. Rashan, Nadire Özenver, Joelle C. Boulos, Mona Dawood, Wynand P. Roos, Katrin Katrin, Ioannis Ioannis, Ludger A. Wessjohann, Heinz-Herbert Fiebig

Oxford ICSB

Nerium oleander is a well-known medicinal plant used in the Mediterranean region and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) against a variety of diseases, including cancer. We investigated a cold-water extract of N. oleander leaves for their anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity testing in the Oncotest panel of tumor cell lines and concomitant COMPARE analysis showed a high degree of similarity to mitosis-inhibiting compounds. We verified this hypothesis by treating tumor cells transfected with a tubulin-GFP fusion cDNA construct and confocal microscopy as well as a biochemical tubulin polymerization assay. N. oleander showed a similar inhibition of tubulin …

African Plants In Jamaican Farms And Gardens, Thera Edwards

Oxford ICSB

Plants of all growth forms and regeneration strategies were introduced to Jamaica by European slavers and by Enslaved Africans. Some species such as Tamarind used to purify drinking water on ships arrived through purposes of practicality while others that such as yam and plantain were transported as food supplies on the ships or by the Enslaved Africans as tubers for planting in their countries of destination. Tuber crops proved to be invaluable in hurricane prone islands such as Jamaica as the underground tuber was left undamaged by the high winds of the storms. Other crops such as Plantain while not …

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Hikikomori In Young Adults In The Middle East, Harshil Paresh Shah

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Hikikomori, a form of severe social withdrawal that can occur without the presence of any other psychological disorder, was once thought to be a Japanese culture-bound phenomena. However, studies have emerged from several parts of the world showing that this may be a global issue. Extant literature suggests associations between hikikomori and behavioral addictions such as gaming addiction and problematic social media use (PSMU). Since there is a relative paucity of research examining this phenomenon in the Middle Eastern context, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hikikomori in young adults of the Middle East. It …

Fda Investigational New Drug (Ind) Applications, Cassandra Taylor

Oxford ICSB

Current Federal law requires that a drug be the subject of an approved marketing application before it is transported or distributed across state lines. Because a sponsor will probably want to ship the investigational drug to clinical investigators in many states, it must seek an exemption from that legal requirement. The IND is the means through which the sponsor technically obtains this exemption from the FDA. During a new drug's early preclinical development, the sponsor's primary goal is to determine if the product is reasonably safe for initial use in humans, and if the compound exhibits pharmacological activity that justifies …

Introduction To The Premarket Review Of Human Food Ingredients In The United States And Concepts In The Safety Assessment Of Novel Plant-Derived Ingredients, Troy Hubbard

Oxford ICSB

Premarket regulation of ingredients added to food is a key pillar ensuring the safety of food as it allows the opportunity to address potential safety concerns prior to consumer exposure. In the United States, food and color additives are substances that are intentionally added to food and are subject to pre-market approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and require a listing in the Code of Federal Regulations, unless the intended use of the substance is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), among qualified experts. GRAS is not an inherent property of a substance, as is often misunderstood; rather, it …

Natural Products In Food And Agriculture, Stephen O. Duke

Oxford ICSB

Before the National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR) existed, I was Director of a USDA weed management lab. Two of my interests were natural products as herbicides and the chemical ecology of weed/crop interactions (allelopathy). Dr. James McChesney and I had several conversations about his vision for the NCNPR on the University of Mississippi campus. I was very interested in becoming a part of this, as his plan was to have a USDA lab that would study natural products for use in food and agriculture as part of the center. The USDA Agricultural Research Service established the Natural Product …

Preventing Ingredient Adulteration To Maintain Botanical Integrity, Katie Banaszewski

Oxford ICSB

The growing popularity of botanical products combined with the challenges of the supply chain to meet the ingredient demand has created opportunities for dishonest companies to take advantage of their clients for financial gain. Suppliers and manufacturers must comply with cGMPs (current Good Manufacturing Practices), specifically when it comes to the basic requirements of properly identifying crude botanicals in whole, cut, or powdered form, as well as botanical extracts and essential oils. Despite this regulatory requirement, a large portion of botanical ingredients and products sold in the marketplace are adulterated. Popular ingredients in high demand are intentionally substituted, diluted, or …

African & Caribbean Herbal Pharmacopieae - Curating Data For Product Development, David Katerere

Oxford ICSB

This presentation aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the Africa Herbal Pharmacopoeia (AHP) and the Caribbean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (CHP), highlighting their respective similarities and differences in the realm of traditional herbal medicine and product development. Both pharmacopoeias are important initiatives in curating indigenous knowledge related to medicinal plants. They are valuable resources for researchers, healthcare practitioners, and industry. This presentation will outline the methodological and logistical approaches employed in putting together monographs and the challenges faced. Furthermore, the comparative analysis will explore the regional nuances that shape the content of each pharmacopoeia, considering factors such as local traditions, ecological …

Chemistry, Biology, And Safety Of Volatile Organics From Aromatic And Medicinal Plants, Nicole Stevens

Oxford ICSB

Introduction Sleep is an important foundation of health, yet the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) notes that about 30% of adults to not get the recommended minimum of 7 hours’ sleep per night. Prescription treatments may help, but they carry risks such as side-effects, dependency, and medication interaction. Natural botanical extracts are a therapeutic possibility for improving sleep quality, but additional research is needed on their efficacy and safety. A system of natural products based on lavender was developed and tested in a human clinical study to evaluate effect on sleep, blood and safety markers, and gene expression modulation …

Adulteration - Why Does It Still Proliferate?, John Travis

Oxford ICSB

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Condylar Morphology In Various Facial Types-Cbct Study, Dr.Shruti Patil

Annual Research Symposium

Mandibular condyle being part of the TMJ complex, its volume and shape play a pivotal role in treatment stability and outcomes in orthodontic and orthognathic patients over long term periods. Different loading patterns would result in different morphology of the TMJ. The association with different facial types and understanding the relationship between condylar position, morphology and jaw base divergence is limited. This study’s objective is to assess the condylar structure which includes condylar height, width and height of the fossa in different jaw base divergences.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 90 patients undergoing Orthodontic treatment were selected and …

A Survey Of Melatonin In Dietary Supplement Products Sold In The U.S., Rahul Pawar

Oxford ICSB

In the United States, melatonin products are widely available to consumers as dietary supplements. During the past few decades, melatonin products have gained increased popularity primarily as a sleep aid, with a variety of product forms available for different age groups of consumers. Recent reports have highlighted a rise in melatonin ingestion among children reported to poison control centers across the U.S. The increased use of melatonin-containing dietary supplements and reported deviation from labeled quantities has emphasized the need for additional research to better understand products in the marketplace.
The objective of this work was to measure the melatonin content …

Challenges Of Building Specifications For Essential Oils: An Industry Perspective, Brett Smith

Oxford ICSB

The rise in essential oil popularity is creating unprecedented demand worldwide. With the increased demand, the worldwide supply chain is challenged with maintaining consistent quality standards. Some essential oil producers may be motivated to use new and innovative methods to alter their products to meet quality standards and extend their current oil supplies. Climate change is also affecting growing season conditions, leading to changes in essential oil composition compared to past harvests. These factors create challenges for industry in establishing updated quality and commerce specifications beyond traditional ISO, AFNOR, and pharmacopoeia standards for essential oils. To meet these supply chain …

Characterization Of Ashwagandha Using A Multi-Detector Approach, Vincent Sica

Oxford ICSB

Botanicals are complex mixtures that present unique analytical challenges. A multi-detector chromatographic approach can provide accurate, constituent-based data to ensure proper identification and quantification of botanicals. These data are often used to help drive in silico safety assessments to identify suspected toxicants and assess the potential for deleterious effects using structure activity relationships. To showcase this approach, ashwagandha extracts were characterized to determine authenticity and to guide the necessary toxicological studies. To ensure the full constituency of the extracts are evaluated, a multi-detector system (UHPLC-PDA-CAD-HRMS) was employed and subjected to a comprehensive chemical constituent identification (CCID) process. All of the …

Understanding Plant To Extract Ratios Of Botanical Extracts And Their Implications In Product Labeling, Maria Monagas, Thomas Brendler, Josef Brinckmann, Steven Dentali, Stefan Gafner, Gabriel Giancaspro, Holly Johnson, James Kababick, Cuiying Ma, Hellen Oketch-Rabah, Pilar Pais, Nandu Sarma, Robin Marles

Oxford ICSB

Dietary supplement current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) in the U.S. requires the establishment of quality parameters for each component used in the manufacture of a dietary supplement to ensure that specifications for the identity, purity, strength, composition, and limits on contaminants are met using scientifically valid methods of analysis. However, specifications for botanical extracts (including fungal and algal extracts) routinely include additional data that are not amenable to verification through analytical methods. Such descriptive information may include Plant to Extract ratios, which are ratios of the quantity of botanical article used in the manufacture of the extract to the quantity …

The True History Of Aloes And Beyond, Ben-Erik Van Wyk

Oxford ICSB

The recorded history of aloes dates back thousands of years, with early recordings in the Papyrus Ebers (ca. 1550 B.C.) and in Dioscorides’s Herbal (1st cent. A.D.). Aloe has been used as a two-in-one medicine, not only by early explorers but also as a material of strategic military importance, with the yellow juice effective against the stomach problems of an army on the march and the white juice (gel) used to treat the wounds of battle. Aloe vera is the correct name for the “true aloe”, as the specific epithet “vera” indicates. The origins of the plant are shrouded in …

One-Class Modeling For The Authentication Of Actaea Racemosa And Evaluation Of The Variation Between Botanical Reference Materials, James Harnly

Oxford ICSB

One-class modeling based on soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) is a simple but powerful method for comparing the chemical composition of botanical materials using non-targeted chromatograms (GC, LC) or spectra (IR, MS, NIR, NMR). The methodology is available on any commercial chemometric platform. Authentication is based solely on the characteristics of the botanical material of interest. Detection of adulteration is determined for each variable and requires no identification of adulterants. Some highly characterized botanical reference materials (BRMs) may account for species, cultivar, and year and location of harvest while more generic BRMs may have minimal characterization. All of …

Botanical Education In The Us In The Post-Dshea Era (1994-2024), Loren Israelsen

Oxford ICSB

No abstract provided.

Excellence Summit 2024, Office Of Research And Sponsored Projects Operations

Excellence Summit (Research Week) Archived Proceedings

In it's 17th year, the University of the Incarnate Word, welcome all to read and review the proceedings of the annual research week. The 2024 Excellence Summit highlighted academic excellence across all schools featuring topics from nutrition studies to soil amendments, artificial intelligence, medical case studies, and music composition studies. The rich mixture of humanities, health sciences, physical sciences, education, and business can be found in this booklet. We thank all that contributed to these works and hope the community enjoys learning from today's and tomorrow's leaders in research, inquiry, and scholarship.

Unraveling The Genomic Landscape Of Staphylococcus Aureus: A Microbial Genomics Perspective, Kimi Norway

Undergraduate Research Conference

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen implicated in various skin conditions, including boils (furuncles) and atopic dermatitis (eczema). Understanding the virulence factors contributing to these skin infections is essential for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. This research aims to compare the virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, and immune evasion proteins, of two Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with boils and atopic dermatitis: Strain A (ST398) and Strain B (NCTC 8325).

Why Is Speech Language Pathology Considered A Gendered Profession Amongst Male College Students In Health Related Majors?, Karli King, Audrey Mcdonald, Caroline Casey, Adrienne Stewart, Catherine L. Cotton

Undergraduate Research Conference

A gender disparity exists in the field of speech-language pathology, and it is recognized in the American Speech and Hearing Association’s demographic report. In Mississippi, 98.4% of SLPs are female and 1.6% are male (ASHA, 2022). Given the numbers presented by ASHA, awareness of speech-language pathology amongst male college students comes into question. According to ASHA’s Strategic Pathway to Excellence, objective #6 is to increase diversity/equity/inclusion within the Association and the discipline (ASHA, 2023). A goal of this research study is to identify the barriers and awareness level of males in health-related undergraduate majors. This information would better facilitate how …

Improving Dementia Symptoms Through Personalized Music, Lindsay Grainger

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is a prevalent, costly, and complicated disease. With over 6 million Americans affected and the cost of treatment soaring to over $320 billion dollars annually, there is a growing need for low-cost interventions to treat symptoms. Routinely listening to personalized music selections has been shown to reduce agitation—the most common symptom of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia. The purpose of this study was to provide a personalized music listening (PML) intervention of thirty minutes to 10 nursing home residents with dementia. Thirty-minute PML sessions occurred multiple times a week over six weeks. The inclusion …