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Articles 1 - 30 of 144
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Diagnostic Methods And Treatment Options For Bowel And Abdominal Endometriosis, Micayla Wiseman-Fisher
Diagnostic Methods And Treatment Options For Bowel And Abdominal Endometriosis, Micayla Wiseman-Fisher
Capstone Showcase
While much is known about the disease process and etiology of endometriosis, it becomes infinitely more complicated if tissue dispersion progresses throughout the abdomen to infiltrate the bowel and abdominal wall. Patients with extrapelvic endometriosis present with nontraditional symptoms, making it difficult to identify and diagnose. This article synthesizes the most current information on the diagnosis and management of bowel endometriosis for providers, to help identify these symptoms, describe the most sensitive diagnostic tools, and educate on up-to-date treatments, including medical management, surgical resection, and high-frequency ultrasound ablation.
Evaluating Causes Of Sinus Tachycardia In The Pediatrics Population And Managing In A Primary Care Setting, Guillemette Calderwood
Evaluating Causes Of Sinus Tachycardia In The Pediatrics Population And Managing In A Primary Care Setting, Guillemette Calderwood
Capstone Showcase
This article’s goal is to fill a gap in research that compares causes of tachycardia in children by appropriately addressing epidemiology, what is physiologically happening with tachycardia, symptoms that may be associated with it, as well as a differential diagnosis. This review specifically discusses positional orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, as well as infection. This is important and needed in order to help providers in diagnosing the cause for this common arrhythmia.
Emerging Unconventional Therapies For Glioblastoma Multiforme, Danielle Morang
Emerging Unconventional Therapies For Glioblastoma Multiforme, Danielle Morang
Capstone Showcase
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor occurring in adults with a median survival of less than two years. It is a highly invasive tumor characterized by genetic heterogeneity, angiogenesis, and rapid proliferation. Patients undergo a multimodal treatment regimen consisting of surgical resection and chemoradiation therapy, yet GBM tumors almost always recur with a worsening prognosis. The molecular and genetic complexities of GBM pose a significant challenge for developing effective therapeutics. Thus, it is imperative to identify new therapeutic targets and explore novel treatment strategies to improve patients’ overall survival time and quality of …
Impact Of Sleep Deprivation On Stress And Performance In Students: Best Interventions, Brianna Crowley
Impact Of Sleep Deprivation On Stress And Performance In Students: Best Interventions, Brianna Crowley
Capstone Showcase
Sleep is an essential part of physical and mental well-being, yet, many individuals underestimate its importance.1,2,4 Sleep deprivation can lead to a variety of detriments including memory loss, disorganized thinking, and mood changes.3,6,7 Because of this, academic performance can be directly impaired as well, which further perpetuates a vicious cycle of sleep deprivation and increasing stress.8 Interventions to help improve sleep include adequate sleep hygiene, appropriate physical exercise, lifestyle changes, practicing mindfulness, and using pharmaceutical aids. Providers must continue to address this common issue among patients as it truly impacts various aspects of life and follow good …
Acute Otitis Media: Management And Recurrence In The Pediatric Population, Sydney Klaiman
Acute Otitis Media: Management And Recurrence In The Pediatric Population, Sydney Klaiman
Capstone Showcase
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one the the most common condition that affects the pediatric population. AOM place burden on affected children, caregivers, the healthcare system, and also contributes to antibiotic resistance. In many cases, AOM is not just a one-time occurrence and is the most common reason that kids receive oral antibiotics and undergo surgery. Relative to the number of articles available, there is a large gap in the research that does not thoroughly address recurrent AOM (rAOM) and the importance of its management and prevention. Therefore, the goal of this poster is to discuss different modalities used to …
Non-Pharmaceutical Symptom Management In Patients With Pcos, Allison Stern
Non-Pharmaceutical Symptom Management In Patients With Pcos, Allison Stern
Capstone Showcase
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a relatively common diagnosis among biological females. There are many variations of presentations among patients with PCOS that require an individualized and tailored treatment plan for symptom management. Although there are pharmaceutical medications that can be used for PCOS symptoms, some patients’ symptoms might not be fully managed, or they might prefer to focus on non-pharmaceutical options for their symptoms instead. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be familiar with alternatives to the mainstay of pharmaceutical treatment.
Diagnosis And Management Of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome, Sara Read
Diagnosis And Management Of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome, Sara Read
Capstone Showcase
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic and debilitating condition that can be encountered in a multitude of clinical settings. It is classified as a functional gastrointestinal disorder and is often misdiagnosed. Proper identification and management of this condition are crucial to patient care and quality of life. This article reviews the hypothesized etiologies, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of CVS as well as recommendations for management in a variety of settings. As an understudied and underdiagnosed condition, it is important that clinicians have a basic understanding of this disorder.
Choosing The Route Of Delivery: A Discussion Of Vaginal And Cesarean Births, Camille Green
Choosing The Route Of Delivery: A Discussion Of Vaginal And Cesarean Births, Camille Green
Capstone Showcase
The percentage of cesarean deliveries in the United States has increased to a rate of 32.1%, double what the World Health Organization recommends as an ideal rate for maternal and fetal benefits. The majority of cesarean sections are performed on women who have never had the procedure before and this increases the risk for subsequent cesarean deliveries. Half of the indications for primary cesarean delivery were found to be non-reassuring fetal heart tracings and arrest of labor, both of which are subject to obstetric provider judgment and comfort level. Among these there is also an increasing incidence of elective primary …
Exploring Factors Contributing To Compassion Fatigue In Emergency Departments And Possible Interventions, Neggin Assadi
Exploring Factors Contributing To Compassion Fatigue In Emergency Departments And Possible Interventions, Neggin Assadi
Capstone Showcase
The ED is a fast paced, busy, and unpredictable environment. Increased exposures to death, suffering, and trauma can make the ED a stressful environment and makes providers more susceptible to a phenomenon called compassion fatigue (CF), a diminished ability to feel compassion towards those they are tasked to care for. Three main contributors to CF in the ED are a poor workplace environment, workplace aggression/violence, and traumatic events. Exploring what contributes to these stressors and proposing ways to reduce them can help ED providers combat CF.
Managing Neonatal Pain: A Guideline For Non-Neonatal Providers, Kelly Stanton
Managing Neonatal Pain: A Guideline For Non-Neonatal Providers, Kelly Stanton
Capstone Showcase
Neonatal pain, especially in settings outside of the NICU or newborn nursery, is often under-recognized or even unnoticed altogether. Many providers and parents do not know how to recognize when a neonate is in pain and many do not know how to minimize or alleviate this pain effectively. Even when providers know how to assess pain in neonates, they typically assess for acute pain in the presence of chronic pain, or vice-versa. Untreated pain in neonates harms brain development and can lead to behavior defects later in life for these babies. Due to these outcomes, the recognition and effective treatment …
Considerations In The Management Of Juvenile Absence Epilepsy In Pregnancy And In Females Of Childbearing Age, Casey Brew
Capstone Showcase
JAE is an epilepsy syndrome that typically requires lifelong AED treatment, and valproic acid or lamotrigine is considered first line to manage the spectrum of associated seizures. In females with JAE who become pregnant, there exist risks both from having uncontrolled seizures and from taking AEDs during the pregnancy. Valproic acid carries the highest risks to the fetus but is the most effective in controlling the seizure types seen with JAE. Folic acid supplementation has shown to mitigate some but not all of the fetal risks from valproic acid. Limited guidance from professional organizations exists for management of females of …
Management Of Opioid Use Disorder In Primary Care, Carolyn Jeffries
Management Of Opioid Use Disorder In Primary Care, Carolyn Jeffries
Capstone Showcase
The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States, and worldwide, has drastically increased in the span of 2-3 years. OUD is considered chronic condition and as such requires routine care over a lifetime. This makes OUD patients excellent candidates to be managed by primary care providers (PCPs). This article discusses the various barriers to treatment of OUD in a primary care setting as well methods and models that aim to mitigate these barriers. We will also review how to take a detailed assessment of an OUD patient, mainstays of medication assisted treatment (MAT), and management of side …
Inpatient Management Of An Intravenous Drug User With Tetanus, Nina Paris
Inpatient Management Of An Intravenous Drug User With Tetanus, Nina Paris
Capstone Showcase
Tetanus is rare in the United States now due to the tetanus vaccine but there is still the potential too see patients with tetanus. IV drug users, neonates, and geriatric populations are at an increased risk of developing tetanus. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, a spore forming and exotoxin releasing anaerobic bacteria. The symptoms of tetanus are caused by the exotoxin tetanospasmin which inhibits the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, leading to sustained neuronal stimulation. The classic symptoms of tetanus are lockjaw (trismus), neck stiffness, back arching, and fever. Patients can be febrile, tachycardic, tachypneic, and hypertensive on exam. …
One In Every Twenty-Six, Rey'na Riggans
One In Every Twenty-Six, Rey'na Riggans
Capstone Showcase
There is a disorder that is rather common within the world and yet is not well known. It is a something that affects one in every twenty-six individuals. It is called epilepsy. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which a person to experience bursts of random electrical activity within their brains, these bursts being called "seizures." This article discusses this disorder and goes into detail about the forms of it, procedures that are done to try and help those living with epilepsy, and artwork that is inspired by this disorder.
High Energy Blue Light Induces Oxidative Stress And Retinal Cell Apoptosis, Jessica Malinsky
High Energy Blue Light Induces Oxidative Stress And Retinal Cell Apoptosis, Jessica Malinsky
Capstone Showcase
Blue light (BL) is a high energy, short wavelength spanning 400 to 500 nm. Found in technological and environmental forms, BL has been shown to induce photochemical damage of the retina by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Excess ROS leads to oxidative stress, which disrupts retinal mitochondrial structure and function. As mitochondria amply occupy photoreceptors, they also contribute to oxidative stress due to their selectively significant absorption of BL at 400 to 500 nm. ROS generation that induces oxidative stress subsequently promotes retinal mitochondrial apoptosis. BL filtering and preventative mechanisms have been suggested to improve or repair BL-induced retinal damage, …
How And Why Do Race And Gender Affect Adhd Diagnosis Levels?, Caitlin N. Bennett
How And Why Do Race And Gender Affect Adhd Diagnosis Levels?, Caitlin N. Bennett
Capstone Showcase
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of the brain that impairs one’s daily functioning and focus. Previous research has shown that two groups are disproportionately under-diagnosed: females and Black people. It is important to understand why these groups, and possibly others, are under-diagnosed as those without a diagnosis do not get the treatment that they need. Literature reveals that differences in symptom presentation (inattentive vs. hyperactive), biases in symptom reports, barriers to accessing mental healthcare, and negative stigmas about, and within, certain groups lead to the under-diagnosis of females and Black people. In conclusion the diagnostic criteria of ADHD …
Cme: Vitamins, Antidepressants, And The Placebo Effect - How To Help Your Patients, Nicko Inocencio
Cme: Vitamins, Antidepressants, And The Placebo Effect - How To Help Your Patients, Nicko Inocencio
Capstone Showcase
Depression affects roughly 280 million people globally. The disease puts patients at increased risk for stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. The psychosocial causes of depression are well-known, but the biochemical causes are multifactorial. Theories range from homocysteine excess, calcium modulation at the neuron, inflammation, cortisol elevation, and disruption of the HPA axis. At the center, however, is serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Pharmacologic treatment directly aims at modulation of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. First-line treatment is a combination of SSRIs/SNRIs with cognitive behavioral therapy. If patients do not see improvement with the above therapy other agents such as bupropion, mirtazapine, …
Vitamin D Enhanced Vitamin D Receptor (Vdr) Inhibition Of Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Can Attenuate The Development Of Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Alexzon Mandac
Vitamin D Enhanced Vitamin D Receptor (Vdr) Inhibition Of Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Can Attenuate The Development Of Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Alexzon Mandac
Capstone Showcase
Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) is a prevalent autoimmune disease affecting approximately 2% of the population. Characterized by the gradual loss of thyroid function through an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland, the disease manifests symptoms that negatively affect one’s quality of life. The mechanisms behind the disease’s pathophysiology are not fully understood; however, researchers are examining the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the disease. This thesis will address the question of whether Vitamin D can act as an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuate the progression of AIT in mouse model. Current investigations explore the effects of NLRP3 inhibition …
Increasing Inpatient Volume And Efficiency Through Decreasing Readmission Rates At Fox Chase Cancer Center, Courtney Pokallus, Islande Victorin
Increasing Inpatient Volume And Efficiency Through Decreasing Readmission Rates At Fox Chase Cancer Center, Courtney Pokallus, Islande Victorin
Capstone Showcase
This paper outlines the semester long strategic plan created by Islande Victorin and Courtney Pokallus for Fox Chase Cancer Center. This strategic plan includes a background of the organization, SWOT analysis on the organization, identification of potential problems and a gap analysis, a strategic summary, and all outlines and plans for the strategic plan.
The Positive Effects Of Medical Cannabinoids On The Dysregulated Endocannabinoid System In Autism Spectrum Disorder Patients, Caroline J. Reichelderfer
The Positive Effects Of Medical Cannabinoids On The Dysregulated Endocannabinoid System In Autism Spectrum Disorder Patients, Caroline J. Reichelderfer
Capstone Showcase
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability. The symptoms include a lack of social skills, a need for repetitive patterns of life, difficulty in communication, speaking deficits and numerous other symptoms. While the specific cause is unknown, there is much research being done on mechanisms including dysregulations of the immune system, endocannabinoid system, and overall brain (Nez Govorova 2021, Pol 2021). The Endocannabinoid system is a recently discovered branch of the nervous system composed of endocannabinoids which are produced naturally in the body; lipid-based neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout …
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Second Generation Drug-Eluting Stents Vs Coronary Artery Bypass Graft In Left Main Coronary Artery And Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease, Eric Kim
Capstone Showcase
Many of the studies that are used in reference to the clinical decision making between PCI vs CABG use BMS or first-generation DES as a comparison. With the advancement of stent technology, second-generation DES have emerged with improved efficacy and overall outcome rates compared to BMS and first-generation DES. Some of the newer studies such as EXCEL1-2 , demonstrated noninferiority of second-generation DES to CABG but there are limited studies that support this conclusion. Currently, the studies remain divided in the impact of newer-generation PCIs, and 10-year follow up studies may be required to further validate noninferiority before it can …
The Benefit Of Bdnf Modification In The Treatment Of Post-Stroke Depression, Christine Gordynskiy-Ageyev
The Benefit Of Bdnf Modification In The Treatment Of Post-Stroke Depression, Christine Gordynskiy-Ageyev
Capstone Showcase
Neuroplasticity has been a rapidly expanding area of research, and its findings have elucidated the potential of taking advantage of some of its components for the treatment of various neural pathologies. Stroke is the most common cause of long-term disability, and it is a disease process that affects many people. There are many rehabilitation programs that seek to restore a patient’s motor and cognitive functions after stroke; if not fully, then at least partially. Unfortunately, mental health changes contribute in large part to the overall disability of a patient, but these changes are not always targeted in these programs. In …
The Use Of Buprenorphine In The Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder (Oud), Kevin Dise
The Use Of Buprenorphine In The Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder (Oud), Kevin Dise
Capstone Showcase
Per the CDC, there were 91,799 drug overdose deaths, of which 75% of these deaths involved an opioid in 2020. Furthermore, the rate of overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids (excluding methadone) increased 56% from 2019 to 2020. Synthetic opioids like fentanyl and its derivatives are easily producible, very inexpensive, and have extremely high potency. To effectively reduce use of illicit opioids, the underlying addiction disorder must be recognized first to adequately treat the disease. Treatment for opioid addiction is critical due to the high risk of mortality and significant disruption to daily functioning. Medication-assisted treatment couples medication use with counseling/therapy, …
Case Report: Fournier's Gangrene, Abigail Groos
Case Report: Fournier's Gangrene, Abigail Groos
Capstone Showcase
•Fournier’s gangrene is a rare manifestation of the already sparse skin infection known as necrotizing fasciitis, specifically of the scrotal and perineal region. This case illustrates a patient in the emergency department with a severe necrotizing skin infection who quickly progressed to sepsis and multiorgan damage. It is important to understand the common presentation, complications, and ideal management of patients with necrotizing fasciitis.
Comparison Of Psychotherapy To Mdma-Assisted Psychotherapy In The Treatment Of Patients With Ptsd, Julia Hasircoglu
Comparison Of Psychotherapy To Mdma-Assisted Psychotherapy In The Treatment Of Patients With Ptsd, Julia Hasircoglu
Capstone Showcase
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating disease that has high morbidity and mortality. Despite therapy, almost half of patients with PTSD will have chronic and devastating symptoms. The novel agent methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has shown promise in phase 3 clinical trials; and, investigation into other therapies is warranted given our current treatment resistance. The objective of the research is to compare the use of MDMA assisted psychotherapy to psychotherapy alone.
Eagle Syndrome: Efficacies Of Medical And Surgical Treatments, Kirklin Mitchell
Eagle Syndrome: Efficacies Of Medical And Surgical Treatments, Kirklin Mitchell
Capstone Showcase
Eagle Syndrome is a rare syndrome caused by elongation of the styloid process of the temporal bone or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament occurring in a very small percentage of the population that can cause a wide range of common symptoms, leading to it being often misdiagnosed. While there are no set standards for treating Eagle Syndrome, both pharmaceutical and surgical options exist. Pharmaceutical options are often ineffective in long term treatment so surgery is usually required for full symptom resolution. Transoral and Transcervical surgeries have similar efficacies but each come with important drawbacks when considering which type of surgery …
Cme: Ischemic Stroke Recognition And Management, Mae Missana
Cme: Ischemic Stroke Recognition And Management, Mae Missana
Capstone Showcase
Stroke is defined as a sudden onset of neurologic deficit caused by interrupted blood flow. Stroke is divided into two subtypes: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Roughly 87% of all strokes are ischemic with infarcts caused by obstruction to carotid artery circulation or vertebrobasilar artery circulation. Symptoms of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are similar on physical exam;therefore use of imaging is essential to determine treatment pathway. Asstroke is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms, employ the necessary tools to evaluate and identity stroke, and deliver timely treatment to …
Bodily Autonomy And Anti-Vaccine Discourse During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Haley Sherman
Bodily Autonomy And Anti-Vaccine Discourse During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Haley Sherman
Capstone Showcase
This paper explores the relationship between anti-vaccine discourse and ideas about bodily autonomy. I analyze the cyclical nature of vaccine hesitancy and show that it can lead to misinformation and harmful narratives. This paper uses theories of bodily autonomy that identify a concept called moral obligation. This concept, as explored by Alberto Giubilini, is a utilitarian approach in which citizens have a responsibility to their governments to get vaccinated so that, in turn, their governments can fulfill their obligation of protecting other individuals’ health (Giubilini 2020, 54). A discourse analysis of four key players in the anti-vax movement shows that …
Initial Antihyperglycemic Options For Populations With Type 2 Diabetes Who Cannot Take Metformin, Rena Ogino
Initial Antihyperglycemic Options For Populations With Type 2 Diabetes Who Cannot Take Metformin, Rena Ogino
Capstone Showcase
Type 2 diabetes is a common disease in the United States that can result in life-threatening cardiac, vascular, and/or renal complications. The treatment of type 2 diabetes includes but is not limited to exercise, diet, multi-disciplinary approaches, and pharmaceuticals. Metformin is the first line pharmaceutical for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, however patients may be unable to tolerate metformin. With more than seven different antihyperglycemic drug classes and over twenty antihyperglycemic drugs, clinicians may have difficulty choosing the best agent for patients when metformin is not tolerated. This article compares common anti-hyperglycemic pharmaceutical agents and their drug classes, focusing on …
Quality Of Life Before And After Cosmetic Surgery: Should Body Dysmorphic Disorder Be Considered An Absolute Or Relative Contraindication For Cosmetic Surgery?, Lindsay Conlisk
Capstone Showcase
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) has historically been regarded as a strong contraindication for cosmetic plastic surgery. New research now suggests that the contraindications to cosmetic surgery in patients with BDD may not be so absolute. This paper reviews diagnostic criteria, diagnostic challenges, and current standard of treatment of BDD. It then presents the idea of insight analysis in the BDD patient as a significant factor in determining if patients with BDD may or may not benefit from cosmetic surgery or procedures.