Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Re-Discovery Of Fungi, Christopher Hobbs

Oxford ICSB

This will be a very concise overview of the laboratory and clinical work that has been published on the health and medical benefits of medicinal mushrooms and mycelium. Medicinal mushroom and mycelium-based products currently on the market will be critically reviewed, specifically focusing on identifying the 5 most important constituent groups intensive world-wide research has identified as providing the intended benefits of these products, and what leading companies as well as startups are doing to insure their products contain them in meaningful amounts.

How Do Differences In Sex Education Alter Perception Of Consent?, Hannah G. Stone

ATU Scholars Symposium

The following research was conducted to answer the question: how do differences in sex education alter perception of consent? As of 2021, only 7 states and the District of Columbia mandate comprehensive sex education policies that include consent education, and in contrast, 17 states do not mandate comprehensive or non-comprehensive sex education (“Sex and HIV Education” 2021). Because sex education in schools is where a large proportion of young adults receive all of their instruction on sexual topics, it can be inferred that the lack of sex education would constitute a lack of consent education as well (Deluna 2019; “Section …

Empowering Picu Nurses: Enhancing Awareness And Understanding Of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome-Pediatric (Pics-P), Carissa A. Newman, Janelle A. Strain

Research & Creative Achievement Day

Statement of the Problem: Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS-p) threatens the health of children following a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) stay. Morbidities associated with PICS-p can affect children's cognitive, functional, social, and emotional domains. Purpose: The project aimed to increase awareness of the term PICS-p, increasing knowledge and understanding among nursing staff, and developing their ability to identify patients at risk for developing PICS-p. Method: The Iowa Model Revised: Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Excellence in Healthcare was used to facilitate this project. 20 PICU nurses completed an educational module with a pre/post quiz to analyze learning outcomes about PICS-p. Interventions: …

Evaluation Of Botanical Extracts For Cytochrome P450 Inhibition Mediated Drug Interactions, Angela I. Calderón, Zarna Raichura, Kabre Heck, Jaewoo Choi, Mikah Brandes, Cody Neff, Claudia Maier, Amala Soumyanath, Robert Arnold

Oxford ICSB

There has been remarkable growth in consumption of botanical dietary supplements (BDS), making it important to understand the safety profile of BDS with respect to the pharmacokinetic properties for any potential of botanical-drug interactions. One such botanical interactions which has gained significant attention involves inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes by co-administered drugs. Our study involved examining two widely used botanicals, ashwagandha and açaí for any potential inhibition of CYP450. Four different ashwagandha extracts were tested, resulting in inhibition of CYP2B6 with IC50 < 100 µg/ml of extract and showed potential of time-dependent inhibition for CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 with an IC50 ~ 200 µg/ml of extract. In the case of açaí, seven different extracts were tested and only CYP2C9 was inhibited. The acidic methanol extract of açaí formulation showed an IC50 of 0.3 µg/ml of extract indicating potent inhibition of CYP2C9, while the methanol (IC50 ~ 91.75 µg/ml) & ethanol extracts of Mountain Rose açaí powder showed weak inhibitory effect with an IC50 < 100 µg/ml of extract for CYP2C9. The results reflect that both botanical extracts showed potential of CYP450 inhibition, suggesting that compounds in BDS can prolong the half-lives of medications leading to extended action or toxicity. Next step involves, testing subfractions of these extracts to identify the compounds responsible for the observed inhibition.

Multifaced Factors To Cause Conflicting Outcomes In Drug-Herb Interactions Mainly Focusing On Reverse Pharmacokinetics, Young Hee Choi

Oxford ICSB

Metabolic enzyme and/or transporter-mediated pharmacokinetic (PK) changes in a drug caused by concomitant herbal products have been a primary issue of herb and drug interactions (HDIs), because PK changes of a drug may result in the alternation of efficacy and toxicity. Studies on HDIs have been carried out by predictive in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, and clinical trials. Nevertheless, the discrepancies between predictive data and the clinical significance on HDIs still exist, and different reports of HDIs add to rather than clarify the confusion regarding the use of herbal products and drug combinations. Here, the underlying mechanisms causing …

Screening Of Medicinal Herbs To Predict The Potential Perpetrators Of Herb-Drug Interaction, Ikhlas A. Khan, Amar G. Chittiboyina, Shabana Khan, Bill Gurley, Islam Husain

Oxford ICSB

Over time, the popularity and consumption of herbal medicine and its products like nutraceuticals, botanical drugs, and dietary supplements have increased immensely. Parallelly, several health issues associated with the overconsumption of these products have also been raised, which has attracted enormous attention. Herb-drug interaction (HDI) is a health issue caused by herbs or phytochemicals that modulate the homeostasis of drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYPs) and transporters, thus altering the pharmacokinetic of clinical drugs. To date, only a few medicinal herbs, such as Hypericum perforatum, Hydrastis canadensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Camellia sinensis etc., were recognized as HDI perpetrators. However, many need to be …

New Natural Product Certified Reference Material Resources Supported By The Nih Office Of Dietary Supplements, Adam Kuszak, Zoe Ruan, Linda Smith, Sarah Ajaz, Uma Srennivasan, Sabrina Giddings, Daniel Beach, Pearse Mccarron, Stephen Wise

Oxford ICSB

The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) Analytical Methods and Reference Materials (AMRM) Program supports the development of tools that promote and facilitate rigorous and reliable characterization of dietary supplement (DS) identity, composition, and purity, as well as assessments of authenticity and contamination of botanical and other natural product raw materials and finished products. AMRM goals are accomplished through development and validation of quantitative and qualitative methods, production of certified reference materials (CRMs), and support of dietary supplement focused laboratory quality assurance programs. Recent advances in DS analytical resources supported by AMRM include an expanded availability of CRM calibration solutions …

The Botanical Safety Consortium: Collaborative Effort To Improve Botanical Safety Testing Methods, Connie Mitchell, Cynthia Rider, Julie Kzykwa

Oxford ICSB

The use of botanical dietary supplements is increasing, making their safety a crucial issue for public health. This article discusses the role and goals of the Botanical Safety Consortium (BSC), a collaborative effort between the US FDA, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. Formed through a Memorandum of Understanding, the BSC aims to improve safety evaluation methods for botanicals. It operates as an international platform where experts from various sectors, including government, academia, industry, and non-profits, collaborate to advance and apply new approach methodologies (NAMs) for the safety assessment of botanical products. …

Dedicated Education Unit In A Critical Access Hospital: An Evidence-Based Practice Project, Mark D. Becknell, Lauren E. Tarbell

Research & Creative Achievement Day

xBackground: Nursing education is a unique and diverse learning environment that requires many venues to train students. As the healthcare landscape continues to change, nursing programs must adapt by investigating and utilizing new and innovative clinical education models. Objective: The project purpose was to create and implement education for a dedicated education unit (DEU) within an 18-bed medical-surgical unit in a community hospital. The PICO question is: does creating and implementing a Dedicated Education Unit (DEU) for registered nurses in a community hospital setting increase confidence in preceptor abilities? The comparison is current state, which includes only student shadowing and …

Thrombus In Transit With Diagnosis And Treatment Guided By Bedside Ultrasound — A Case Report, John Mowery, Taylor Russell, Adam Sigal, Courtney Cassella

Tower Health Research Day

No abstract provided.

Digital Mental Health Outreach Program For Older Adults Gavin, Vincent D. Pham, Gavin E. Jacob, Paige Piazza

Research & Creative Achievement Day

Within this literature review, the effectiveness of digital mental health outreach programs for older adults will be examined. With the aging global population continuing to grow larger each year, mental health concerns among older adults have gained more attention than ever. To address these concerns, digital mental health outreach programs have been put in place with the goal of providing older adults with a real person they can regularly talk to and receive advice or recommendations from. This review uses existing research along with tangible real-world experiences to determine the impact these services have on the older adults who utilize …

Impact Of Decreased Face-To-Face Communication Of Older Adults During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Macy M. Lien, Petra R. Kittleson, Shantelle Ruf

Research & Creative Achievement Day

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic drastically changed social interactions between people; this had a significant impact on individuals aged 65 and older. This demographic faced challenges such as total isolation, interrupted social connectedness, limited access to their basic needs, and financial stressors due to the shutdown. This review of the literature looks at how the decrease in face-to-face interactions during COVID-19affected the mental and emotional well-being of older adults during the pandemic. Methods of research conducted through scholarly journals showed the effects of isolation on mental and emotional health. Despite the wide range of availability of digital communication, the 65 years …

Mocra And The New Cosmetics Gmps, Brandi Reinbold

Oxford ICSB

The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MoCRA) enacted by Congress December 29th, 2022, includes provisions for the FDA to publish proposed Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations by the end of 2024 and a final rule by the end of 2025. In this talk we will explore what the language of MoCRA tells us about what GMPs are likely to be promulgated with a focus on GMPs related to ingredient and finished product identity and purity. MoCRA exempts small cosmetics manufacturers from GMP compliance requirements and directs FDA to “take it easy” on other not-quite-so-small manufacturers. Despite these exemptions, most cosmetics …

The Physiological Demands Of A Division Iii Field Hockey Goalie: A Case Study, Kayla Brady, Sarah Miller-Richards

Student Scholar Showcase

It is essential to evaluate the physiological demands of the sport of field hockey, specifically of a division III field hockey goalie. There has been limited research on this sport, let alone on the position of goalies. Some recent studies have evaluated ice hockey goalies on their anthropometrics, upper and lower body strength, power output, and aerobic capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological demands and performance profile of a division III field hockey goalkeeper. A division III goalie went through several baseline tests including anthropometrics, resting and maximum heart rate, upper and lower one rep …

Session E Overview Of The U.S. Cosmetics Regulatory Framework, Jannavi Srinivasan

Oxford ICSB

Cosmetic products in the U.S. has been regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) according to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act which has provided for FDA’s regulation of cosmetics since 1938. The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MoCRA), enacted in December of 2022, significantly expanded and reformed regulations overseeing cosmetics in the U.S. Included in MoCRA among other provisions, are facility registration and product listing, reporting of serious adverse events, and a requirement that FDA propose a rule for good manufacturing practices. This presentation will provide an overview of cosmetics regulations including the major provisions of MoCRA …

Impact Of Mocra When Assessing Botanical Safety, Rick Kingston

Oxford ICSB

The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA) became effective December 29th, 2023. MoCRA is the most significant expansion of FDA’s authority to regulate cosmetics since the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act was enacted in 1938. MoCRA expands the FDA's rulemaking and enforcement authority over cosmetics and creates new compliance obligations for manufacturers. There are six key areas of the legislation including Facility Registration, Product & Ingredient Listing, Safety Substantiation, Cosmetics Labeling, and Adverse Event Reporting and Record Keeping. Each of these areas has significant implications for manufacturers and the ingredients commonly found in cosmetics. Given the …

The Effect Of Nurse Staffing On Patients Perceived Care, Jenna Racey, Victoria Newman, Erin Wojtkowski, Jillian Crews

Student Scholar Showcase

In discharged patients, how do fully staffed units compared with short-staffed units affect patient satisfaction levels during their inpatient experience? From the literature review, it was found that as nurse staffing declined, so did the patient-perceived quality of care and their loyalty to the respective hospitals. Also, as the percentage of assistant nurses to registered nurses increased, the patients reported poor care and decreased nursing guidance. While more research is needed on this prevalent issue, a recommendation of how nurse staffing issues could be changed is to increase nurse staffing visibility, especially in units with poor reported patient outcomes in …

Cracking A Back Is Not Rehabilitation: A Comparative Analysis Of Chiropractic Vs. Physical Therapy, Lauren M. Radack

Student Scholar Showcase

There is an increasingly common belief among the general public that chiropractic care is more successful in treating injuries than physical therapy. Research shows that chiropractic care cannot be compared to physical therapy due to their different skill sets, knowledge of treatment, and applications; therefore, one modality cannot be determined better than the other. While the two domains are incomparable, individuals continue to feel pressured to select between chiropractic care and physical Therapy. Analyzing the influence of the false claims and misinformation that surrounds rehabilitation services, the belief that physical therapy treatment is able to be replaced by chiropractic treatment …

Annotation Of Hypothetical Genes In Lactococcus Lactis Ssp. Il403, Jennifer A. Tangires

Student Scholar Showcase

The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harnesses various microbial organisms involved in almost all processes of physiological homeostasis, among these are lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These bacteria, almost all of which belong to the order Lactobacillales, are able to produce lactic acid, and play an important role in food preservation because they produce bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial proteins that are used to fight off related bacteria in their environment that are competing for the same resources. This study focuses on a specific LAB strain, Lactococcus lactis ssp. IL1403 where 21.9% of its predicted genes have not yet been assigned a function. …

Short & Long-Term Consequences Of Cannabis Intake & Differences Between Occasional & Chronic Frequent Cannabis Use, Marilyn Huestis

Oxford ICSB

As the medicalization and legalization of the United States continues to increase it is important to understand the short- and long-term consequences of cannabis use. The endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter system is critical for the appropriate functioning of survival functions including hunger, body temperature control, memory and reproduction. When individuals use cannabis, they hijack the normal functioning of the system that attempts to maintain homeostasis. The most important short-term consequence of cannabis use is the morbidity and mortality of driving under the influence of cannabis. Also, legalization reduced the perception of risk of using cannabis that leads to higher adolescent and …

Paper Use At Bryant, Paulina Herrara

Bryant REDay (Research and Engagement Day)

No abstract provided.

Bryant University Research And Engagement Day Schedule, Bryant University

Bryant REDay (Research and Engagement Day)

No abstract provided.

Maternal And Child Health Tracking System: A Remote Monitoring Tool, Swathika Kothmiri, Pranavi Yerram, Hema Surya, Teja Bhargavi

Bryant REDay (Research and Engagement Day)

No abstract provided.

2024 Reday Awards, Bryant University

Bryant REDay (Research and Engagement Day)

No abstract provided.

A New Way Forward For Cannabidiol (Cbd) And Other Hemp Products, Patrick Cournoyer

Oxford ICSB

The FDA announced that existing regulatory frameworks for foods and supplements are not appropriate for cannabidiol (CBD). Given the available evidence, it is not apparent how CBD products could meet safety standards for dietary supplements or food additives. A new regulatory pathway for CBD is needed that balances individuals’ desire for access to CBD products with the regulatory oversight needed to manage risks.

Opening Remarks For “Cannabis: Current Status And Future Outlook”, Cassandra Taylor

Oxford ICSB

No abstract provided.

Protocols For Postpartum Hemorrhage, Nicole A. Mitchell, Wilbur Greene, Samantha Claxton, Lydia Lester

Student Scholar Showcase

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the protocols for postpartum hemorrhage and lack of implementation, how race may play a role in care, the different effect on maternal lives; physically and mentally, and more effective treatment options. Many women all over the world struggle with postpartum hemorrhaging as it is a life-threatening complication that can follow giving birth. There are standard protocols set in place for different facilities that relay how the healthcare professionals should act in that situation. The PICOT question, “In child-bearing women, how do protocols for postpartum hemorrhage compared with a lack …

Strategies For Combating Vaccine Hesitancy In Primary Care, Elizabeth Perkins Hayes

Student Scholar Showcase

This article will summarize methods for providers to effectively combat vaccine hesitancy in their patient populations. Vaccine hesitancy is a growing concern in the medical field, as new cases of vaccine preventable diseases arise. However, vaccine hesitancy is more common than vaccine resistance and can be converted into vaccine acceptance with effective communication strategies.

There is no easy solution to the complex problem of vaccine hesitancy. Most studies demonstrate that effective conversion to vaccine acceptance requires tailoring vaccine information to the patient and listening to their concerns. Other methods include exposing patients to survivors of vaccine preventable diseases, or using …

Endocannabinoids And Their Role In Renal Health Of African Americans, William L. Doss Iii, Md, Mba, Abpmr

JCHP Collaborative Capstone and Research Exchange

Abstract

The current biomarkers used for detecting renal disease Creatinine has long been seen to be inadequate in identifying the extent of renal disease in African and African American populations. CB1 and CB2 receptors are ubiquitous in the human body and their expression is increased with inflammation in the body. In response to the increased expression, the hypothalamus produces endocannabinoids in response. As a result, endocannabinoids can be a biomarker in detecting renal disease where inflammation is a significant factor in renal injury.

Biological Activity Of Essential Oils – Focus On Antibiotic Resistance, Gyorgyi Horvath

Oxford ICSB

No abstract provided.