Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Repeated Maximal Exercise Measures Are Very Reliable Among Healthy College-Aged Individuals, Kjerstin Woodrum, Nicole Argueta, Jocelyn Graffius, David Pearce, Allison Rowley, Tyler Le Baron, Julie E. Taylor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The most common way to assess cardiovascular fitness is with a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to determine the maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO₂ max). Maximal exercise efforts during GXT testing have been shown to be quite repeatable among active and sedentary adults, as well as cardiac patients and the elderly. With young, healthy participants, familiarization and motivation could result in improved performance measures with repeated testing. The reliability of maximal exercise measures among healthy college-aged individuals during repeated Bruce Protocol GXT assessments are yet unclear. PURPOSE: To determine how repeatable the VO₂max and other maximal …

The Effects Of Chronic Pain Levels On Joint Angle During Jump Landing/Cutting In Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability, Dallin E. Fjerstad, Hyunwook Lee, Seugnuk Han, Minsub Oh, J. Ty Hopkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

About 60% of chronic ankle instability (CAI) individuals report ankle pain persisting for longer than 3 months. They have the risk of recurrent ankle sprains while performing multiplanar tasks such as jumping with landing/cutting. However, little is known about the effects of chronic pain levels on joint kinematics differences and how chronic pain levels contribute to motor outcomes when performing multiplanar motions. PURPOSE: To identify the effects of pain levels on kinematics during jump landing/cutting in CAI individuals. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study. Twenty CAI patients with high pain (high pain) (9 males, 11 females; age=22±2year; …

Examining The Acute Effects Of Virtual Reality On The Star Excursion Balance Test In Chronic Ankle Instability, Isaac T. Edwards, Hyunwook Lee, Seugnuk Han, Minsub Oh, J. Ty Hopkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients display mechanical and functional restrictions, along with neurocognitive dysfunction after lateral ankle sprains. Athletes need to divide their attention to effectively multitask during sports activities. Recent studies have utilized virtual reality (VR) to simulate dynamic sporting environments, aiming to enhance cognitive and postural control. However, little is known about the acute effects of VR on dynamic postural control in CAI patients. PURPOSE: To identify the acute effects of VR gear on dynamic postural control in CAI patients. METHODS: This study was a cross-over study. Twenty CAI patients (11males, 9females; age=21±3year; height=1.63±0.28m; mass=74±13.1kg). We …

The Effects Of Chronic Pain Levels On Lower Extremity Energetics During Jump Landing/Cutting In Chronic Ankle Instability Patients, Minsub Oh, Hyunwook Lee, Seugnuk Han, J. Ty Hopkins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Up to 75% of patients with lateral ankle sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). A majority of CAI patients report chronic pain and show altered jump landing/cutting patterns. Calculating joint energetics affected by chronic pain provides insight into understanding the effects of chronic pain levels on lower limbs in CAI patients. PURPOSE: To identify the effects of chronic pain levels on lower limb energetics during jump landing/cutting in CAI patients. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study. Fifteen CAI patients with high pain (High pain) (6males, 9females; age=22.1±2.1year; height=1.74±0.09m; mass=71.3±10.6kg, pain=66.9±9.4), matched 15 CAI patients with low pain …

Stress Response To Winter Warfare Training: Potential Impact Of Location, Lauren M. Visconti, Andrea C. Givens, Lorraine P. Turcotte, Laura Arrington, Karen R. Kelly

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Winter Warfare Training (WWT) is a critical component of military training to prepare individuals to move effectively in harsh conditions. Moving through snow and heavy terrain increases overall stress to the entire human system. PURPOSE: The purpose of this effort was to quantify the stress response during WWT to determine the level of physiological adaptation to extreme environments. METHODS: Mountain and mobility operators (age: 31.5±1.4 years; height: 71.1±0.5 inches; weight: 192.5±6.6 lbs.; body fat percentage: 18.0±5.0%) were recruited for this effort. Participants engaged in baseline laboratory metrics at their home station located in Colorado (CO) prior to WWT for one …

Ingestible Oxygen Supplementation Does Not Impact Maximal Aerobic Performance Measures, Julie E. Taylor, Allison Rowley, Jocelyn Graffius, David Pearce, Kjerstin Woodrum, Tyler Lebaron

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Oxygen supplementation has been used to improve physical performances for decades, most commonly in the form of bottled oxygen. Other forms of inhalable and/or ingestible oxygen have been investigated more recently with mixed results. An ingestible oxygen supplement (Ox66_TM) consisting of oxygen molecules contained within an aluminum ion clathrate structure has been shown to increase SaO₂ at rest and reduce inflammation in clinical settings. This ingestible oxygen enters through the portal vein rather than the pulmonary system. It is unclear whether this oxygen supplement would have an impact on factors related to maximal aerobic capacity (VO_{2 …}

Fluid Intake And Hydration Responses To Mass Participation Gravel Cycling, Brandon Raik, Francis Salmon, Grace Handler, Matthew M. Schubert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Gravel cycling is a relatively new cycling discipline, with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) hosting their first UCI Gravel World Championships in 2022. Gravel races combine features of road racing, cyclocross, and mountain biking, including various terrain of varying technical difficulty (paved roads, dirt roads, fire roads, single- and double-track trails), long distances, substantial vertical elevation gain, obstacles, and limited opportunities to stop for in-race nutrition. PURPOSE: To date, gravel racing has not been scientifically examined to determine the demands of the sport. Data from cycling road races indicate substantial fluid loss, which may impair exercise performance. This study assessed …

Impact Of Submaximal Versus Supramaximal High-Intensity Interval Training On Blood Glucose Regulation In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Jennifer A. Weil, Daryl Lee Parker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient form of exercise that can potentially induce significant and clinically meaningful blood glucose improvements in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unknown whether certain HIIT interval intensities may be more effective than others in combating hyperglycemia in T2DM. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if submaximal or supramaximal HIIT reduces blood glucose or improves markers of insulin resistance more than the other in T2DM patients using a systematic review and meta-analytical approach. METHODS: Three databases (Embase/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and PubMed) were systematically searched in July 2021 …

Running Biomechanics And Knee Cartilage Health In Aclr Patients, Jacob K. Palmer, Hyunwook Lee, Minsub Oh, Seunguk Han, Steven P. Allen, Garritt L. Page, Dustin A. Bruening, Robert D. Hyldahl, J. Ty Hopkins, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients are more likely to subsequently suffer from knee osteoarthritis than non-ACLR counterparts. Exercise is thought to influence articular cartilage, however, it is unclear how running biomechanics are associated with femoral cartilage thickness and composition in ACLR patients. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between running biomechanics and measures of femoral articular cartilage condition (thickness and composition) in ACLR patients and control subjects. METHODS: We used ultrasound and MRI (T2 mapping sequence) to measure articular cartilage thickness and composition, respectively, for 20 ACLR patients (age: 23 ± 3 yrs; …

Effects Of A 16-Week Home-Based Strength Training Randomized Controlled Trial On Depression In Obese Latino Adolescent Boys, Emilio Rodriguez, Rakaihya Thomas, Jonathan Hernandez Aguilar, Melanie Panosian, Alexandra Knipprath, Allan Knox, Louise A. Kelly

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While the data has shown that the overall prevalence of depression is 6% in adolescents, these statistics are primarily based on white children. Latino children are more likely to suffer anxiety, depression and other mental health disorders compared to their non-Latino peers. While incidents are higher in Latino kids (22% suffer from depression), few receive treatment when compared to white children (8% vs 14% respectively). Given the prevailing burden and impact of mental health disorders in youth, it is essential that effective interventions are identified and implemented. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a 16-week (2x/week) home-based strength training …

Local Sweating Response To Varying Intradermal Electrical Stimulation Patterns, Gary W. Mack

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The local sweat rate response (LSR) to intradermal electrical stimulation generates a sigmodal stimulus-response curve with a peak sweat rate generated by a 30 s period of continuous stimuli at a frequency of 8-16 Hz. The firing pattern of the sudomotor nerve driving sweat gland function in vivo, however, display a bursting firing pattern. Purpose: To compare the LSR to a 30 s continuous intradermal electrical stimulation frequency to a 30 s bursting pattern with a similar total number of stimuli. We hypothesize that there would be no difference in the LSR response between the two stimuli patterns. Methods: Subjects …

Cultural Normalization Of Risk?: Exploring Brain Injury In The National Football League Using Sociocultural Analysis, Ali V. Willing, Jafra D. Thomas

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The NFL's history includes the organization's fight against numerous lawsuits alleging excessive risk of brain injury to current and former players. A billion-dollar legal settlement by the NFL in 2022 illustrates the issue's gravity. PURPOSE: We aimed to understand why, culturally, the NFL has 'failed' to avert serious harm alleged by the lawsuits, given the lawsuits' magnitude and the known brain-injury risks of playing tackle football. METHODS: The NFL's rhetoric towards safety concerns and recommendations for injury prevention were examined vis-a-vis qualitative analysis of its organizational and media practices. This study was through one undergraduate end-of-term project focused …

Effects Of Running On Femoral Articular Cartilage Thickness For Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients And Non-Aclr Control Subjects, Aubree L. Remmel, Hyunwook Lee, Minsub Oh, Seunguk Han, Steven P. Allen, Garritt L. Page, Dustin A. Bruening, Robert D. Hyldahl, J. Ty Hopkins, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients are more likely to develop posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis than non-ACLR counterparts. The effect of running on femoral articular cartilage thickness is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare how 30 minutes of running influences femoral articular cartilage thickness for ACLR patients and non-ACLR control subjects. We hypothesized that running would deform the femoral articular cartilage more for the ACLR patients than for the control subjects. METHODS: We recruited 20 individuals with primary unilateral ACLR and 20 matched non-ACLR controls. ACLR patients and control subjects were matched based upon age, gender, BMI, …

Influence Of Air Resistance On Ground Reaction Forces During Treadmill Running, Jared Steele, Iain Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Running is fundamentally driven by forces applied to the ground, eliciting ground reaction forces (GRFs) which accelerate the runner. These GRFs are divided into vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral components. As running speed alters, so do the patterns of these forces. By juxtaposing these GRF patterns with metabolic data, we can discern how movement patterns adapt across different running conditions. One of the key distinctions between treadmill and overground running is the influence of air resistance. METHODS: The study involved twenty-four active male runners experienced in achieving a sub-17-minute-5km or equivalent performance. The main objective was to examine the influence …

Environmental Heat Stress And Physiological Heat Strain In Construction Workers During Work In The Summer, Jonathan Specht, Erica Tourula, M. Jo Hite, Serena Garcia, Charlie Walker, Hillary Yoder, Zachary Schlader, Fabiano Amorim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Construction workers are thirteen times more likely to die from heat-related illnesses compared to the general population. This elevaled risk results from both metabolic heat production due to the physical demands of construction work associated with high environmental heat stress. However, it is important to recognize that the magnitude of heat stress experienced varies across job types withing the construction industry reflecting the diversity of tasks performed. In addition, environmental heat stress can significantly vary for workers based on whether they operate in covered or uncovered work areas, creating varying levels of heat sttres, particularly during during summer months. Notably, …

Physical Function In Young And Older Adult Active Pickleball Players, Leighanne T. Paulson, Eric Martin, Kent J. Adams Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Limited information exists on pickleball’s impact on physical function in adults, especially older adults (65+ years), despite reported health benefits. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the physical function of active older adult (OA) female and male recreational pickleball players via handgrip strength and fatigue, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) test, as well as the short physical performance battery (SPPB) compared to sex-matched young adult (YA) controls. METHODS: Thirty YA (18-26 years; n=15 female/male) participants and 27 OA (65-89 years; n=13 female, n=15 male) participants who played pickleball at least three times per week were assessed for physical function outcomes of …

Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Individulas With Down Syndrome Via Telerehabilitation, Zeel K. Patel Miss, Isha Gautami, Namrata Jain, Jacob Hinkel-Lipsker Professor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Most of the children and adolescents with Down’s syndrome (DS) have poor aerobic capacity, physical fitness and demonstrate diminished cognitive abilities. Recent studies suggest that increased physical activity may prove to be important for maintaining components of cognition, including memory along with physical fitness.

In addition, there is interest among practitioners in determining the efficacy of virtual exercise classes, which can be more convenient for clients. However, it is unknown whether group exercise classes delivered over videoconferencing achieve desired outcomes—particularly in special populations such as those with DS.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect …

The Risk Of Bias In Validity And Reliability Studies Testing Physiological Variables Using Consumer-Grade Wearable Technology: A Systematic Review And Wear-Bot Analysis, Bryson Carrier, Jennifer Bunn, Joel D. Reece, Charli D. Aguilar, Chris Eschbach, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Wearable technology is a quickly evolving field, and new devices with new features to measure/estimate physiological variables are being released constantly. Despite their use, the validity of the devices are largely unknown to the users or researchers, and the quality of the studies that do test validity and reliability vary widely. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to review the current validity and reliability literature concerning consumer-grade wearable technology measurements/estimates of physiological variables during exercise. Additionally, we sought to perform risk of bias assessments utilizing the novel WEArable technology Risk of Bias and Objectivity Tool (WEAR-BOT). …

The Effect Of Ibuprofen On Thermoregulatory Responses And Gastrointestinal Distress To Exercise In Hot Environments, Alyssa Bailly, Jonathan Specht, Serena Garcia, Steven Klepacz, Suzana Andrade De Oliveira, David Lucero, Fabiano Amorim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ibuprofen, a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) among athletes to alleviate pain and inflammation during exercise, is hypothesized to mitigate exercise-induced increases core temperature (Tc) and improve heat tolerance during exercise in hot environments. However, its prophylactic use specially during exercise associated with heat stress may lead to harmful effects specifically inducing gastrointestinal complications such upper-GI bleeding. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of ibuprofen on thermoregulatory responses and the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms to exercise in a hot environment. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design, 6 endurance trained males and females (n=12) completed 60-minutes of treadmill running …

Heat Strain In Road Construction Workers During The Summer, An Observational Study, Serena Garcia

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Road construction workers perform physically demanding, typically including building frames, laying concrete and asphalt, and operating heavy machinery. These activities result in high metabolic demands, leading to significant internal heat production. When combined with environmental heat stress during warmer periods of the year, road construction workers may experience substantial heat strain, making them susceptible to heat-related illnesses and ultimately heat-related deaths. In fact, construction workers are 13 times more likely to die from heat related illness compared to other occupations. Despite these statistics, no studies have assessed heat strain in road construction workers during the summer. PURPOSE: To quantify …

Effects Of Biodensity Training On Bone Adaptations In Young Women: A Pilot Study, Carolina M. Garcia, Auguste Torres, Braulio Cazarez, Rosalinda Escobar-Prado, Maurice Cruz, Zhaojing Chen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are a major public health issue in the United States, and current research suggests that moderate to high intensity resistance training is the most effective type of exercise for maintaining bone mineral density (BMD). Sclerostin is a protein secreted by osteocytes which potently inhibits bone formation by binding to the LRP4 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BioDensity is a novel resistance training machine that consists of four exercises performed for five seconds each, which applies mechanical loading to the bone and provides a quicker alternative to traditional resistance training. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 12 weeks of …

Repeated, Short Cold-Water Immersions Are Sufficient To Habituate To The Cold, But Do Not Lead To Adaptations During Exercise In Normobaric Hypoxia, Geoffrey T. Dorsett, Trevor L. Gillum

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cold and hypoxia naturally exist together, yet it is unknown if habituation to the cold can lead to improved exercise in hypoxia. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of repeated cold-water immersions (CWI) on pulmonary, metabolic, and sympathoadrenal responses to graded exercise in hypoxia. METHODS: 16 (2 female) participants (age: 21.2 ± 1.3 years; body fat: 12.3 ± 7.7 %; body surface area 1.87 ± 0.16 m², VO_2peak: 48.7 ± 7.9 mL/kg/min) underwent 6 CWI in 12.0 ± 1.2° C. Each CWI was 5 minutes, twice daily, separated by ≥4 hours, for 3 consecutive days, …

Femoral Articular Cartilage Quality, But Not Thickness, Is Decreased For Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients Relative To Control, Dallin Clinger, Hyunwook Lee, Seunguk Han, Minsub Oh, Steven P. Allen, Garritt L. Page, Dustin A. Bruening, Robert D. Hyldahl, J. Ty Hopkins Facsm, Matthew K. Seeley Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients are at risk of developing posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). The etiology of posttraumatic knee OA is complex, potentially involving biomechanical and biochemical factors. Changes in femoral cartilage thickness and composition are associated with knee OA, while current research is ambiguous on cartilage in ACLR patients. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare femoral cartilage thickness and T2 relaxation time (a compositional measure) between ACLR patients and healthy controls in a resting state. We hypothesized that ACLR patients would exhibit thinner femoral cartilage and increased T2 relaxation times. METHODS: Twenty ACLR patients (6-24 months post-surgery) and …

Sodium Density Associates With Nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure In Young Healthy Adults, M R. Axler, A J. Lobene, K E. Kaseman, Y Awayes, S L. Lennon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Blood Flow Restricted Electrical Stimulations To Prevent Symptoms Of Muscle Damage, T D. Baer, K A. Rice, S J. Dankel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Effects Of High Functional Resistance Training On Parameters Of Arterial Stiffness- Pilot Study, C B. Barnett, M X. Moghaddam, B F. Fedorko, J M. Walter, L M. Marquette, T J. Werner

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Impact Of Caloric Restriction And Exercise On Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolites In Women With Obesity, D J. Battillo Facsm, S K. Malin Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Acute Effects Of A Caffeine-Based Multi-Ingredient Energy Drink Compared To Caffeine On Muscular Endurance, M E. Blanchflower, J D. Eger, M M. Francis, J L. Kolb, H M. Smith, J D. Buxton, P J. Prins

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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The Reliability And Validity Of An Accelerometer To Measure The Pop-Up Phase Of Surfing, R J. Boergers, J Monaco, T Cappaert, M Miller

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Relationship Between Exercise Motivation, Exercise Enjoyment, And Daily Cognition Of Collegiate Student-Athletes, D Bui, B Bear, K Gerber, J Lytle, S Nealon, S T. Forlenza

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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