Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

10.07.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

Lunch and Learn

Update Employee Directory

NIH Updates RPPR Instruction Guide

M3t-Lm: A Multi-Modal Multi-Task Learning Model For Jointly Predicting Patient Length Of Stay And Mortality, Junde Chen, Qing Li, Feng Liu, Yuxin Wen

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Ensuring accurate predictions of inpatient length of stay (LoS) and mortality rates is essential for enhancing hospital service efficiency, particularly in light of the constraints posed by limited healthcare resources. Integrative analysis of heterogeneous clinic record data from different sources can hold great promise for improving the prognosis and diagnosis level of LoS and mortality. Currently, most existing studies solely focus on single data modality or tend to single-task learning, i.e., training LoS and mortality tasks separately. This limits the utilization of available multi-modal data and prevents the sharing of feature representations that could capture correlations between different tasks, ultimately …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 65 Number 2, Fall 2024 [Print Issue 62:2], Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

12 - INCREASING ACCESS Discerning one’s dream requires a whole set of experiences based on community, opportunity, and, yes, cash. Leslie Griffy

16 - UNPACKING UTOPIA It seems like billionaire-backed utopias are popping up all over the map. What does it take to build a perfect city? Lauren Loftus

22 - A WEALTH OF WELL-BEING In his new book, Professor Meir Statman explores a holistic approach to financial and life well-being. Leslie Griffy

26 - A WOMAN'S PLACE Despite being denied access to the priesthood, Catholic women find new ways to lead. Leslie Griffy

The Psychological Impacts Of Algorithmic And Ai-Driven Social Media On Teenagers: A Call To Action, Sunil Arora, Sahil Arora, John Hastings

Research & Publications

This study investigates the meta-issues surrounding social media, which, while theoretically designed to enhance social interactions and improve our social lives by facilitating the sharing of personal experiences and life events, often results in adverse psychological impacts. Our investigation reveals a paradoxical outcome: rather than fostering closer relationships and improving social lives, the algorithms and structures that underlie social media platforms inadvertently contribute to a profound psychological impact on individuals, influencing them in unforeseen ways. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among teenagers, who are disproportionately affected by curated online personas, peer pressure to present a perfect digital image, and the …

2024 Celebration Of Scholarship, Creativity, And Engagement, Todd Bruns, Anna Nelson

Programs

Annually, Eastern Illinois University honors faculty achievements in the areas of research, creativity, and engagement. The list of faculty accomplishments is truly impressive, reflective of an engaged faculty committed to excellence and the ongoing pursuit and creation of knowledge. Many of these accomplishments occurred in collaboration with our students, who serve as co-authors, research assistants and partners in bringing these activities to fruition. In some cases, these professional ambitions transpired over many years and are a testament to persistence and tenacity. We extend a sincere message of congratulations for this diverse range of achievements, which bring distinction to our departments, …

Subterranean Medicinal Bottles Are Treasures That Reveal The Growth Of Lincoln's Early Drug Stores, Mark Griep, June Weber, Erik Schulz, Effie Athanassopoulos

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Archeologists unearthed medicine bottles embossed with the names of nine early Lincoln (Nebraska) drug stores, giving insight into the rapid growth of pharmacies and health care from the 1880s up to the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

An Integrated Theoretical Socio-Technical Framework For Implementing Service Robots’ Integration In Healthcare, Sujatha Alla

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Healthcare workers, either clinical or non-clinical, are obligated to serve patients. However, lack of a sufficient number of professionals leads to burnout, severe stress, and, consequently, decreased quality of services. In this context, very few countries have been successful in employing service robots to perform dull, dirty, and/or dangerous tasks related to patient wellbeing/healthcare, while most countries are still skeptical about it. As robotics advances, there is an opportunity for healthcare to take advantage of this technology to reduce personnel workload and to reduce the possibility of exposure to contagious pathogens. However, healthcare is a vulnerable environment and requires critical …

Rates Of Reporting And Analyzing Race And Ethnicity In Athlete-Specific Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review, John H. Sonnier, Carlo Coladonato, Irfan A. Khan, Gregory Connors, Ryan W. Paul, Anya T. Hall, Emma E. Johnson, Meghan E. Bishop, Fotios P. Tjoumakaris, Kevin B. Freedman

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Race- and ethnicity-based differences in treatment access and outcomes have been reported in the orthopaedic sports medicine literature. However, the rate at which race and ethnicity are reported and incorporated into the statistical analysis of sports medicine studies remains unclear.

PURPOSE: To determine the rate at which race and ethnicity are reported and analyzed in athlete-specific sports medicine literature.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, articles published by the 3 journals of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine between 2017 and 2021 were considered …

"Deep Learning For Microscope Image Denoising", Nasreen Buhn, Sriya Adunur, Guy Hagen, Jonathan Ventura

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

In order to avoid damaging live cells, optical microscope imaging must be conducted under low-excitation light intensity and/or short exposure times, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Deep learning methods offer an effective solution for removing microscope noise, utilizing algorithms that are able to reconstruct finer features in low SNR images. This research explores the denoising capability of several deep learning methods based on PSNR and SSIM. Tested methods include traditional approaches (BMED), supervised learning (CARE and Restormer), and unsupervised methods (Noise2Fast, N2V, SSD-Unsupervised, and SASSID). The Restormer model, which employs an encoder-decoder transformer architecture and progressive learning, stood out …

Assessing The Impact Of Femur Morphological Variations On Pediatric Hip Joint Biomechanics Using Statistical Shape Modeling, Tamara Chambers

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

This dissertation aimed to (1) quantify morphological variations in the pediatric hip joint and (2) evaluate the sensitivity of an infant musculoskeletal model (MSM) to these variations, considering hip joint center estimation errors. A shape statistical model (SSM) of decedent infant femurs from the Ortolani collection was created using ShapeWorks, capturing key morphological features, such as variations in the femoral neck-shaft and anteversion angles. Seven synthetic femurs were generated from the SSM to create SSM-informed MSMs, which were systematically evaluated through kinematics and kinetics analyses in OpenSim. Incorporating the SSM led to slight changes in the pediatric MSMs’ kinematics but …

10.01.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

NIH Podcast on simplified review framework

LINC lunch External Review

NIDA Diversity Supplements Webinar

Communities That Heal Intervention And Mortality Including Polysubstance Overdose Deaths: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Bridget Freisthler, Rouba A. Chahine, Jennifer Villani, Redonna Chandler, Daniel J. Feaster, Svetla Slavova, Jolene Defiore-Hyrmer, Alexander Y. Walley, Sarah Kosakowski, Arnie Aldridge, Carolina Barbosa, Sabana Bhatta, Candace Brancato, Carly Bridden, Mia Christopher, Tom Clarke, James David, Lauren D'Costa, Irene Ewing, Soledad Fernandez, Erin Gibson, Louisa Gilbert, Megan E. Hall, Sarah Hargrove, Timothy Hunt, Elizabeth N. Kinnard, Lauren Larochelle, Aaron Macoubray, Shawn R. Nigam, Edward V. Nunes, Carrie B. Oser, Sharon Pagnano, Peter J. Rock, Pamela Salsberry, Aimee Shadwick, Thomas J. Stopka, Sylvia Tan, Jessica L. Taylor, Philip M. Westgate, Elwin Wu, Gary A. Zarkin, Sharon L. Walsh, Nabila El-Bassel, T. John Winhusen, Jeffrey H. Samet, Emmanuel A. Oga

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE: The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) evaluated the effectiveness of the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention in preventing fatal overdoses amidst the US opioid epidemic.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the CTH intervention on total drug overdose deaths and overdose deaths involving combinations of opioids with psychostimulants or benzodiazepines.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial was a parallel-arm, multisite, community-randomized, open, and waitlisted controlled comparison trial of communities in 4 US states between 2020 and 2023. Eligible communities were those reporting high opioid overdose fatality rates in Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. Covariate constrained randomization stratified …

A Qualitative Study Exploring Graduated Medical Residents’ Research Experiences, Barriers To Publication And Strategies To Improve Publication Rates From Medical Residents, Dorothy Kamya, Brigette Macharia, Wangari Siika, Caroline Mbuba

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

Background: In Kenya, postgraduate medical residents must complete a research dissertation for their Master of Medicine studies. However, the subsequent publication rate is lower than in higher-income settings, limiting the availability of population-specific data. This study explored residents’ experiences with research, reasons for the low publication rate, and strategies to improve publication rates.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 faculty members and non-academic support staff, as well as 18 Master of Medicine graduates who had successfully completed their research projects, to investigate their experiences with conducting, supervising, and publishing research. The interview data was analysed using inductive …

Reframing And Advancing Academic Mentorship To Support New And Early Career Faculty Members, Juanita-Dawne R. Bacsu, Patricia C. Heyn, Steffi Kim, Zahra Rahemi, Monique J. Brown, Darina V. Petrovsky, Justine S. Sefcik, Jodi L. Southerland, Jeremy Holloway, Elyse Couch, Ayse Malatyali, Matthew L. Smith

Faculty Publications

Mentorship is critical to fostering professional growth and career development in academia. However, academic mentorship is often an informal activity that is overlooked and under researched. There is much ambiguity and uncertainty surrounding mentorship roles and strategies in academia. This paper provides recommendations and strategies to reframe and advance academic mentorship to support new and early career faculty.

Allura Red Ac Is A Xenobiotic. Is It Also A Carcinogen?, Lorne J. Hofseth Ph.D., James Hébert Scd, Elizabeth Angela Murphy, Erica Trauner, Athul Vikas, Quinn Harris, Alexander A. Chumanevich

Faculty Publications

Merriam-Webster and Oxford define a xenobiotic as any substance foreign to living systems. Allura Red AC (a.k.a., E129; FD&C Red No. 40), a synthetic food dye extensively used in manufacturing ultra-processed foods and therefore highly prevalent in our food supply, falls under this category. The surge in synthetic food dye consumption during the 70s and 80s was followed by an epidemic of metabolic diseases and the emergence of early-onset colorectal cancer in the 1990s. This temporal association raises significant concerns, particularly given the widespread inclusion of synthetic food dyes in ultra-processed products, notably those marketed toward children. Given its interactions …

Allura Red Ac Is A Xenobiotic. Is It Also A Carcinogen?, Lorne J. Hofseth, James R. Hébert Scd, Elizabeth Angela Murphy, Erica Trauner, Athul Vikas, Quinn Harris, Alexander A. Chumanevich

Faculty Publications

Merriam-Webster and Oxford define a xenobiotic as any substance foreign to living systems. Allura Red AC (a.k.a., E129; FD&C Red No. 40), a synthetic food dye extensively used in manufacturing ultra-processed foods and therefore highly prevalent in our food supply, falls under this category. The surge in synthetic food dye consumption during the 70s and 80s was followed by an epidemic of metabolic diseases and the emergence of early-onset colorectal cancer in the 1990s. This temporal association raises significant concerns, particularly given the widespread inclusion of synthetic food dyes in ultra-processed products, notably those marketed toward children. Given its interactions …

Burden Of Disease Attributable To High Body Mass Index: An Analysis Of Data From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2021, Xiao-Dong Zhou, Qin-Fen Chen, Wah Yang, Mauricio Zuluaga, Giovanni Targher, Christopher Byrne, Luca Valentu, Fei Luo, Christos Katsouras, Christopher Opio

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Obesity represents a major global health challenge with important clinical implications. Despite its recognized importance, the global disease burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) remains less well understood.

Methods: We systematically analyzed global deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI using the methodology and analytical approaches of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. High BMI was defined as a BMI over 25 kg/m2 for individuals aged ≥20 years. The Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was used as a composite measure to assess the level of socio-economic development across different regions. Subgroup analyses considered age, …

Equipping Future Physicians With Artificial Intelligence Competencies Through Student Associations, Spencer Hopson, Carson Mildon, Kyle Hassard, Paul Urie, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical sector necessitate the development of AI literacy among future physicians. This article explores the pioneering efforts of the AI in Medicine Association (AIM) at Brigham Young University, which offers a framework for undergraduate pre-medical students to gain hands-on experience, receive principled education, explore ethical considerations, and learn appraisal of AI models. By supplementing formal, university-organized pre-medical education with a student-led, faculty-supported introduction to AI through an extracurricular academic association, AIM alleviates apprehensions regarding AI in medicine early and empowers students preparing for medical school to navigate the evolving landscape of AI in …

Exploring The Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation And Receptivity To Mhealth Interventions, Varun Mishra, Sarah Hong, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions aim to deliver the right type and amount of support at the right time. This involves determining a user's state of receptivity - the degree to which a user is willing to accept, process, and use the intervention. Although past work has found that users are more receptive to notifications they view as useful, there is no existing research on whether users' intrinsic motivation for the underlying topic of mHealth interventions affects their receptivity. To explore this, we conducted a study with 20 participants over three weeks, where participants interacted with a chatbot-based digital coach to receive …

Exploring Conversations Between A Practitioner And A Person With Dementia, Kotaro Hara, Rosiana Natalie, Wei Soon Cheong, Jingjing Gu, Qianli Xu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In social service centers, practitioners engage in conversations with clients with dementia to facilitate their daily activities and provide support when they are distressed. However, the nature of the care demands the practitioner’s active engagement, which becomes difficult to deliver as the number of people who need care expands. Researchers have been investigating the efficacy of developing agents that assume conversational tasks to alleviate this work. To contribute to the future design of agents for caregiving, we collected and analyzed ten conversations between clients with mild dementia and practitioners who provide care. Our analyses of turn-taking dynamics and dialogue acts …

Meta-Analysis Of Censored Adverse Events, Xinyue Qi, Shouhao Zhou, Christine B Peterson, Yucai Wang, Xinying Fang, Michael L Wang, Chan Shen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Meta-analysis is a powerful tool for assessing drug safety by combining treatment-related toxicological findings across multiple studies, as clinical trials are typically underpowered for detecting adverse drug effects. However, incomplete reporting of adverse events (AEs) in published clinical studies is frequently encountered, especially if the observed number of AEs is below a pre-specified study-dependent threshold. Ignoring the censored AE information, often found in lower frequency, can significantly bias the estimated incidence rate of AEs. Despite its importance, this prevalent issue in meta-analysis has received little statistical or analytic attention in the literature. To address this challenge, we propose a Bayesian …

A Guideline For Open-Source Tools To Make Medical Imaging Data Ready For Artificial Intelligence Applications: A Society Of Imaging Informatics In Medicine (Siim) Survey, Sanaz Vahdati, Bardia Khosravi, Elham Mahmoudi, Kuan Zhang, Pouria Rouzrokh, Shahriar Faghani, Mana Moassefi, Aylin Tahmasebi, Katherine Andriole, Peter Chang, Keyvan Farahani, Mona Flores, Les Folio, Sina Houshmand, Maryellen Giger, Judy Gichoya, Bradley Erickson

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

In recent years, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical imaging has become increasingly prominent, with the majority of AI applications approved by the FDA being in imaging and radiology in 2023. The surge in AI model development to tackle clinical challenges underscores the necessity for preparing high-quality medical imaging data. Proper data preparation is crucial as it fosters the creation of standardized and reproducible AI models while minimizing biases. Data curation transforms raw data into a valuable, organized, and dependable resource and is a fundamental process to the success of machine learning and analytical projects. Considering the plethora …

Ks18, A Mcl-1 Inhibitor, Improves The Effectiveness Of Bortezomib And Overcomes Resistance In Refractory Multiple Myeloma By Triggering Intrinsic Apoptosis., Omar S Al-Odat, Weam Othman Elbezanti, Krishne Gowda, Sandeep K Srivastava, Shantu G Amin, Subash C. Jonnalagadda, Tulin Budak-Alpdogan, Manoj K Pandey

Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Departmental Research

Despite a record number of clinical studies investigating various anti-myeloma treatments, the 5-year survival rate for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the US is only 55%, and almost all patients relapse. Poor patient outcomes demonstrate that myeloma cells are "born to survive" which means they can adapt and evolve following treatment. Thus, new therapeutic approaches to combat survival mechanisms and target treatment resistance are required. Importantly, Mcl-1, anti-apoptotic protein, is required for the development of MM and treatment resistance. This study looks at the possibility of KS18, a selective Mcl-1 inhibitor, to treat MM and overcome resistance. Our investigation demonstrates …

Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-N-Oxide Derivatives As New Antinocardial Agents, Isidro Palos, Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Alma D. Paz-Gonzalez, José C. Espinoza-Hicks, Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Norma Paniagua-Castro, Marlene S. Galeana-Salazar, Jorge Ismael Castañeda-Sánchez, Julieta Luna-Herrera, Gildardo Rivera-Sanchez

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Mycetoma is currently considered as a neglected tropical disease. The incidence of mycetoma is unknown but most of the worldwide cases are present in the “mycetoma belt” including countries like Mexico, India, Senegal, and others. The treatment of mycetoma depends on the etiological agent responsible for the case. Treatment success reaches 60 to 90%; however, common treatment has been reported to be ineffective in some cases, due in part to resistance to the prescribed antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic options. In the past two decades, quinoxaline derivatives have shown relevance as antibacterial agents. Therefore, in this …

A Framework For Human Evaluation Of Large Language Models In Healthcare Derived From Literature Review, Thomas Yu Chow Tam, Sonish Sivarajkumar, Sumit Kapoor, Alisa V Stolyar, Katelyn Polanska, Karleigh R Mccarthy, Hunter Osterhoudt, Xizhi Wu, Shyam Visweswaran, Sunyang Fu, Piyush Mathur, Giovanni E Cacciamani, Cong Sun, Yifan Peng, Yanshan Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

With generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), continuing to make inroads in healthcare, assessing LLMs with human evaluations is essential to assuring safety and effectiveness. This study reviews existing literature on human evaluation methodologies for LLMs in healthcare across various medical specialties and addresses factors such as evaluation dimensions, sample types and sizes, selection, and recruitment of evaluators, frameworks and metrics, evaluation process, and statistical analysis type. Our literature review of 142 studies shows gaps in reliability, generalizability, and applicability of current human evaluation practices. To overcome such significant obstacles to healthcare LLM developments and deployments, we …

Integrating Data-Driven And Mechanism-Driven Modeling In Drug Discovery And Hepatotoxicity Evaluation, Xuelian Jia

Theses and Dissertations

The pharmacological activities and hepatotoxicity significantly influence the success or failure of new drugs during drug discovery and development. Traditional experimental methods, such as animal models, are costly and time-consuming for chemical testing. There is a great need to develop in vitro and computational modeling to help identify the pharmacological activities and hepatotoxicity potential in the early stage of drug discovery and safety evaluation. In this dissertation, new computational models and associated modeling frameworks were described for predicting the biological profile and hepatotoxicity of chemicals. Firstly, a novel data mining and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) workflow was developed to construct …

Genomic And Socioeconomic Determinants Of Racial Disparities In Breast Cancer Survival: Insights From The All Of Us Program, Nubaira Rizvi, Hui Lyu, Leah Vaidya, Xiao Cheng Wu, Lucio Miele, Qingzhao Yu

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Breast cancer outcomes are worse among Black women in the U.S. compared to White women. While extensive research has focused on risk factors contributing to breast cancer; the role of genomic elements in health disparities between these racial groups remains unclear. This study aims to identify genomic variants and socioeconomic status (SES) determinants influencing racial disparities in breast cancer survival through multiple mediation analyses. Methods: Our investigation is based on the NIH-supported All of Us (AoU) program and analyzes 7452 female participants with malignant tumors of breast, including 5073 with genomic data. A log-rank test reveals significant racial differences …

Amino Acid-Based Protein-Mimic Hydrogel Incorporating Pro-Regenerative Lipid Mediator And Microvascular Fragments Promotes The Healing Of Deep Burn Wounds, Yan Lu, Shanchun Su, Chih Chang Chu, Yuichi Kobayashi, Abdul Razak Masoud, Hongying Peng, Nathan Lien, Mingyu He, Christopher Vuong, Ryan Tran, Song Hong

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Pro-regenerative lipid mediator 1 (PreM1) is a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator that promotes wound healing and regenerative functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells, and macrophages. The healing of third-degree (3°) burns and regenerative functions of MSCs are enhanced by ACgel1, an arginine-and-chitosan-based protein-mimic hybrid hydrogel. Adipose-tissue derived microvascular fragments (MVFs) are native vascularization units and a rich source of MSCs, endothelial cells, and perivascular cells for tissue regeneration. Here we describe an innovative PreM1-MVFs-ACgel1 construct that incorporated PreM1 and MVFs into ACgel1 via optimal design and fabrication. This construct delivered PreM1 to 3°-burn wounds at least up to …

Chacahoula 2024, Vol 91, Alayna Pellegrin

Chacahoula

MERGING REALITIES:

The 2023 issue of Chacahoula includes December 2023 and May 2024 graduating classes, as well as stunning photography of Week of Welcome, Homecoming, Mardi Gras, and Spring Fever. With features covering notable students, faculty, and staff, this year's time capsule beautifully preserves an academic year in the life of the University of Louisiana at Monroe.

Scientific Programs In The Arab Media - Reality And Gap, Najm Abed Khalaf Aleessawi Dr

Middle East Journal of Communication Studies

The article aimed to reveal the level of Arab media coverage of specialized scientific topics and to know the actual need for such programs, especially with the tremendous developments in various fields of life. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted, and a questionnaire tool was used, which was distributed to (205) Arab academics and researchers who were selected by a simple random sampling method. The study found that coverage of scientific programs in the Arab media at the local level is not at the required level. Social media platforms are the most widely used media means for accessing scientific programs …