Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Coronary Heart Disease, Judy Ornelas

Campus Research Day

The aim of this research is to study the effects of coronary heart disease produced by plaque buildup in the arteries.

Impact Of Acute Exercise On Micrornas Related To Concussion Symptoms, Emily Work

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Impact of acute exercise on microRNAs related to concussion symptoms

Concussions, or traumatic brain injury (TBI), are a serious medical problem affecting approximately 1.7 million people in the United States each year. Current tools for analysis of concussion include the Glasgow Coma Scale, SCAT5, computerized topography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, these tools are typically not indicative of the range and severity of symptoms a patient may experience. Recent studies have explored the use of microRNAs as a biomarker for TBI severity in patients who have already experienced a TBI. We seek to investigate the microRNA levels in …

Primary Aortic Valve Replacement In Adults From Age 45 To 65 And How Their Survivability, Post Replacement, May Be Affected By Opting For A Bioprosthetic Or Mechanical Valve., Chandler Hutchinson

Capstone Showcase

Abstract:

Introduction: Aortic valve replacement in middle-aged adults is a procedure done when the aortic valve becomes so incompetent, that replacement is the only viable option for the patient. A bioprosthetic or a mechanical valve is then chosen and replaces the patients’ native aortic valve. For these adults, this procedure is life-extending and the only option for prolonged survival. This paper will address whether a bioprosthetic or mechanical valve would be the better option for prolonging a middle-aged patients’ life.

Methods: A literature search was completed in November of 2019 using PubMed and Google Scholar. Seven articles were chosen based …

Biometric Prognosticators Of Future Myocardial Infarction: Bmi Vs. Waist To Hip Ratio, Christopher Hover

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Myocardial Infarction (MI), better known as a heart attack, occurs when one or more of the coronary arteries becomes blocked or clogged to the point of being unable to perfuse myocardial tissue. Standard biometric measurements when visiting an outpatient care provider include height and weight which are converted into body mass index (BMI). BMI can sometimes be misleading in judging future health outcomes such as heart attacks. Therefore, this review analyzes the use of waist to hip ratio (I) to predict future myocardial infarctions (P) subsequently to prevent such events (O) compared to the traditionally used metric of BMI …

The Efficacy Of Mirnas As A Diagnostic Tool For Endometriosis, Maura Franey

Capstone Showcase

Abstract

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecological condition. Laparoscopic abdominopelvic exploration is the gold standard of diagnosis, but is not performed until patients experience severe symptoms. This review analyzes the levels of circulating micro-RNAs (miRNAs) (I) for diagnosis of endometriosis (O) in women diagnosed with endometriosis (P) compared to laparoscopic exploration (C).

Methods: A literature search was conducted through PubMed and Cochrane Library in November 2019. A total of nine articles consisting of case-control or systematic reviews were selected based on publication date, main outcome, and the use of miRNAs or laparoscopy for diagnosis of endometriosis.

Results: The eight …

Understanding Of Aerosol Transmission Of Covid 19 In Indoor Environments, Adama Barro, Cathal O'Toole, Jacob S. Lopez, Matthew Quinones, Sherene Moore

Publications and Research

Our reason for discussing severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019 novel corona virus (Covid-19), is to understand its aerosol transmission characteristics in indoor spaces and to mitigate further spread of this disease by designing a new HVAC system. The problem that we are tackling is the spread of covid-19 droplets through aerosol transmission by looking at potential engineering solutions to the existing HVAC systems. The purpose is to eradicate the spread of the COVID-19 by testing indoor spaces in an effort to understand the effectiveness of ventilation controls. We believe that scientists and engineers have not …

Implementing Trauma-Informed Care Early In The Lives Of Children And Adults, Carley Clymer

Scholars Week

Throughout the health care industry, providers are failing to recognize the implications that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have upon adult health. As a result, these patients not only have to endure these traumas, but they’re also faced with crippling health conditions that accompany them including depression, heart disease and obesity. The prevalence of common high-risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking and illicit drug use can also co-exist with adversity, which leads to an exacerbation of already poor health. This presentation aims to relay the significance of adopting a trauma informed care (TIC) approach early in the lives of clients to …

Fact Or Myth: The Flu Can Be Caused By The Flu Vaccine, Arleigh Wood

2020 Virtual Spring Student Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

To many, the flu vaccine seems like a threat to an otherwise healthy individual. People often get the flu after receiving the flu shot, which does not promote confidence in the general public. These and other reasonings have created a myth that the flu vaccine can cause the flu. Understanding how the vaccination is created and how it interacts with the immune system helps to realize why the flu vaccine cannot cause the virus. For the vaccine to work, adaptive immunity must be activated by the introduction of the viral particles in a safe manner. An effective immune response from …

Don't Bug Me: Everything Young Kids Need To Know About Coronavirus--In Verse!, Rhea Paul

Community Reflections

A story in verse for young children (3-8) about coronavirus. Narrated by the author, Rhea Paul. Press the "Slide Show" button at the top of the screen, then in the menu that appears, hit "Play from Beginning" all the way to the left.

Concussion, Anthony Shadiack

Sports Medicine

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of The Hypervirulent Nap1/Bi/027 Strain Of C. Difficile In Southwestern Virginia And Risk Factors Associated With Infection, Andrew O. Hanna, Anthony Baffoe-Bonnie, Shikha Vasudeva

Graduate Medical Education (GME) Resident and Fellow Research Day Posters

C. difficile infection (CDI) incidence has increased over the last several decades. The BI/NAP1/027 ribotype was discovered in 2005 and has since been responsible for multiple outbreaks in the US and Canada. This subtype of C. Difficile is known to be more virulent in vivo and produce more severe disease. Limited regional data of the prevalence of this ribotype is available, which could help guide treatment. Using infection control data from a large regional hospital and a VA medical center, this study documented the prevalence of the 027 ribotype in Southwest Virginia. Patients were included if they were tested at …

The Comparative Efficacy Of Amantadine Vs. Lcig Therapy For The Treatment Of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia In Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease, Katelynn Timony

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Though levodopa-carbidopa therapy remains the gold standard of Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment to this day, patients often experience increased dyskinetic activity as a result of long-term treatment; known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID); the mechanism of which is not completely understood. In this review, the efficacy of two adjunct treatments for LID are compared: 1) the concomitant administration of amantadine, an antiviral medication with antidyskinetic properties; and 2) a new form of levodopa administration in the form of an intestinal gel delivered straight via a device much like an insulin pump.

Methods: Two systematic literature searches of primary, peer-reviewed articles …

The Efficacy Of Peppermint Oil And Physical Activity Vs. Eluxadoline For The Treatment Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Julian Kang

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), defined as a chronic functional disorder that is characterized by recurring abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, is the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal disease in Western populations. While not yet completely understood, IBS has multiple factors believed to contribute to its pathophysiology. There are several treatment methods regarding non-pharmacological (such as lifestyle modifications) and pharmacological options (including anti-spasmodics, opioid agonists, and anti-depressants). Peppermint oil is a product derived from the natural herb, Mentha Piperita, and has been used as a nonpharmacological method to treat abdominal pain. Therefore, this review analyzes the use of …

The Efficacy Of Aquablation In The Treatment Of Large Volume Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, Jessica Greenwood

Capstone Showcase

Introduction:

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is a condition affecting adult males causing symptoms including urinary frequency, incontinence, and urinary retention. While first line treatment methods include lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapies, many patients elect for surgical procedures for symptomatic relief. In patients with extremely large volume prostates the surgical method most commonly used has been an open prostatectomy, which is associated with both long-term efficacy and more surgical complications than minimally invasive techniques. Therefore, this review analyzes Aquablation (I) for symptom management (O) in patients diagnosed with BPH (P) compared to open prostatectomy (C).

Methods:

A literature search was conducted …

Efficacy Of Onabotulinumtoxina (Botox) Injections Compared To Oral Topiramate In Reduction Of Migraines Suffered In Adults, Stephanie Blaha

Capstone Showcase

Abstract

Introduction: Migraines are a leading cause of disability in many people worldwide. There are numerous postulations as to their etiology and various medications that treat them. As crippling as migraines are, it is critical that there are therapies to prevent them rather than just treat them acutely. Both OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) and Topiramate have been shown to be beneficial as prophylaxis for migraines. This review aims to determine if, in adults who suffer from chronic migraines [P], OnabotulinumtoxinA injections [I] are more effective than oral Topiramate [C] in reduction of the amount of migraines suffered [O].

Methods: A literature search …

Observing Growth Effects Of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor On Human Retinal Pericytes In Vitro, Anjalee Choudhury, Andrew Tsin, Zachary Perez, Fransisco Elisarraras

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the role of PEDF in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy as induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Human retinal pericytes were isolated from donors and will be measured for cell proliferation under the influence of PEDF both in the presence and absence of AGEs. Expected outcomes involve both the maintenance and increased survival of HRPs after treatment with PEDF under stimulated hyperglycemic conditions.

Advocate Aurora Apc Grand Rounds Dm Pharm Update 7 2019 Chojnacki.Pptx, Carl Chojnacki

Carl Chojnacki, MBA, MSN, APNP, ANP-BC, AWLS

Effects Of Macrophages With Dying Heart Cells, Shannon Alexander

CURCE Annual Undergraduate Conference

Cardiovascular disease involves degraded or dying cells, caused from myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack. When cardiomyocytes, or heart muscle cells, do not receive a high supply of nutrients and oxygenated blood, proper heart functioning is affected, resulting in MI. One cause of this is atherosclerosis. This is a disease when the arterial lumen becomes narrowed due to plaque build-up. Plaque forms when fat, cholesterol, protein, calcium, and white blood cell deposits gradually build up in the inner artery walls, which progressively impedes the arterial blood flow supply, eventually causing organ cell death. The lipids, and most especially …

An Anatomical And Functional Analysis Of Digital Arteries, Katie Highsmith

Student Scholar Showcase

Blood flow to the tissue of the hands and digits is efficiently regulated by vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Through a series of cadaveric dissection, we examined arteries in the hands and digits, including ulnar artery, radial artery, palmar arteries, and digital arteries, for their distribution (branching) patterns and morphological parameters (e.g., thickness, length between branches, external and internal diameters). Using data directly collected from three female cadavers as input variables to our mathematical model, we simulated vasoconstriction (-20% and -10% diameter) and vasodilation (+10% and +20 diameter) to evaluate the extent of changes in blood volume and flow within the arteries. …

Exploration Of Prostate Cancer Cells: The Significance Of Active Herv, Dakota Shepherd

Student Scholar Showcase

The second most common cancer in men is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is traditionally diagnosed by a digital rectal exam. Blood tests can also be used to test for PSA (prostate-specific antigen). These two methods can be used together but can sometimes provide both false negative and false positive results. A new method of testing for prostate cancer could prove to be beneficial. Previous studies have shown that active HERV sequences have been identified in some cancers, including prostate cancer. We hypothesize that the presence of active HERV in prostate cancer lines is significant. In this study, rabbit polyclonal antibodies …

Case Presentation On Congestive Heart Failure And Pulmonary Edema, Tetiana Soloviova, Denise Aris

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Gene Co-Expression Networks Analysis Reveal Novel Molecular Endotypes In Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Jen-Hwa Chu, Wenlan Zang

Yale Day of Data

Rationale:Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition that predisposes to early onset pulmonary emphysema and airways obstruction. The exact mechanism through which AATD leads to lung disease is incompletely understood.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of AAT genotype and augmentation therapy on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptome, while examining the link between gene expression profiles, and clinical features of AATD.

Methods: We performed RNA-Seq on RNA extracted from BAL and PBMC on samples obtained from 89 AATD patients enrolled in the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) study. Differential …

Exploring The Ipf Lung Through The Lens Of Single Cell Rna Sequencing, Taylor Adams, Jonas Schupp

Yale Day of Data

This poster illustrates the differences between the IPF disease-specific variety of lung macrophages and the two varieties of macrophages known to reside in the normal human lung.

Clinical Cues Of Suboptimal Glucose Homeostasis In Individuals Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrative Literature Review, Joel Hutson

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: General practice healthcare providers may not fully utilize all available subtle clinical cues (physical/behavioral signs and symptoms) when screening for diabetes, or when assessing for suboptimal control of glucose homeostasis.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and utility of incorporating diabetic clinical cues into routine physical assessments and questionnaires of individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to compile a comprehensive list and questionnaire using clinical cues.

Methods: Utilizing the databases CINAHL Complete, PubMed, and Academic Search Complete, an integrative literature review of 78 studies was conducted using the key terms type 2 diabetes and clinical manifestations of diabetes. …

L-Serine Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Yield In Cisplatin Treated Zebrafish Utricles, Satya A. Moolani, Elvin Irihamye, Jerry D. Monroe, Michael E. Smith

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy compound effective against a variety of cancers. However, it can act as an ototoxin and cause hearing loss by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in auditory tissues. The antioxidant amino acid, L-serine has been hypothesized to lower levels of cisplatin-mediated ROS. In this project, we investigated whether L-serine can reduce cisplatin-mediated ROS production in auditory tissue and potentially act as an otoprotectant during cisplatin chemotherapy. We used a zebrafish utricular tissue culture system and fluorescent ROS indicator dye to spectrophotometrically measure if L-serine could decrease reactive oxygen species levels in cisplatin-treated tissues. We found that …

Case Report: A Hard Cyst To Swallow, Anjalee Choudhury, Joshua Wood, Kristan Diaz-Rios, Jyothi Swarup

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

One day old neonate was born at 37 weeks gestation to a 41-year-old Gravida 5 Para 5 born via uncomplicated caesarean section. A physical exam of the newborn had unremarkable findings except for minor skin tags on the neck and a cleft palate.

Can Prescribed Fire Reduce Tick Parasitism Of Birds?, Leslie A. Sterling, Kim Medley, Katie Westby, Solný Adalsteinsson

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Tick-borne diseases spread through enzootic transmission cycles that often involve ticks parasitizing bird hosts. Some avian species are competent reservoirs, amplifying the pathogens that cause tick-borne illnesses in humans. Prescribed burns in forests have the potential to reduce tick-borne disease risk if they limit interactions between ticks and infectious wildlife hosts. Although prescribed burns are increasingly being used for a variety of habitat management purposes, little is known about how they affect tick-host interactions. We hypothesize that if prescribed fires reduce tick abundance, then birds in burned forest plots will host fewer ticks than birds in unburned forest plots. Experimental …

Studies Of Amino Acid Mutations In Drug Resistance Of The Smo Protein, Eunice Wintona

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Smoothened receptor (SMO) is a protein that in humans, is encoded by the SMO gene. A systemic mutation in its binding pocket helps predict the sensitivity of mutant proteins to different drugs. Known as a GPCR-like receptor, it is a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway; a pathway involved in body patterning and the regulation of adult stem cells. An uncontrolled or inappropriate activation of the Hedgehog pathway drives tumor progression in cancers and a number of birth defects. To achieve these goals, the molecular modeling software MOE was used to build small molecules and drug molecules like Vismodegib and …

Coffee Drinking And Leukocyte Telomere Length: A Meta-Analysis, Bella Kotlyar

Yale Day of Data

Telomeres are long tandem nucleotide repeats responsible for maintaining chromosomal integrity. They shorten with each cell division, serving as markers for cellular aging and replicative ability, and shorter telomere length has been associated with greater risk of various chronic diseases of aging. There is increasing interest in the relationship between telomere length and lifestyle factors, such as components of the diet, that are associated with age-related chronic diseases, like cancer and diabetes.

There is mounting evidence that coffee, one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world, has potential protective effects against chronic disease and mortality. Few studies have …

A Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet For Treatment Of Type Ii Diabetes An Integrative Literature Review, Steven Lisowski

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

A Low Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet for Treatment

of Type II Diabetes: An Integrative Literature Review

Steven Lisowski

Faculty Sponsor: Larry Maturin

Abstract

Background: Dietary modifications are commonly prescribed initial interventions in those recently diagnosed with type II diabetes. Presently, various researchers support that there is a growing body of evidence that advises to restrict carbohydrate intake to minimum levels to achieve optimal blood glucose levels and reduce complications related to poor diabetes management.

Objectives: To explore if the low carbohydrate, ketogenic diets (LCKD), in which carbohydrate intake of any kind is restricted, are very effective at reducing obesity and controlling …