Horticulture Commons^™

Characterization And Development Mechanism Of Apios Americana Tuber Starch, Hanyu Yangchen, Vikas Belamkar, Steven B. Cannon, Jay-Lin Jane

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Apios americana is a wild legume-bearing plant with edible tubers. Domestication of Apios is in progress because of the superior nutritional value and health benefits of the tuber. Objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize physicochemical properties of the Apios tuber starch; and (2) understand differences in starch structures and properties between the mother (seed) and child (progeny) tubers and the mechanism of starch development. Granules of the Apios tuber starch displayed ellipsoidal, rod, or kidney shape with diameter ranges of 1–30 m. The mother tuber starches displayed greater percentage crystallinity, larger gelatinization enthalpy-changes, longer branch-chain lengths of amylopectin, …

Combined Effects Of Fertilizer, Irrigation, And Paclobutrazol On Yield And Fruit Quality Of Mango, Babul C. Sarker, Mohammad A. Rahim, Douglas D. Archbold

Horticulture Faculty Publications

Combinations of fertilizer rates, foliar N sprays, irrigation practices, and paclobutrazol were studied to determine how much they could alter and/or improve mango (Mangifera indica L.) growth, flowering, and yield. Two treatment combinations derived from several years of prior studies of individual practices were compared: one combination was comprised of the best (BT) individual practices from the prior studies and included three applications of fertilizer, a 4% KNO₃ spray application before flowering, paclobutrazol at 7.5 g/L, and weekly irrigation, and the other combination was comprised of the next best (NB) individual practices including two applications of the same …

Genomics-Assisted Characterization Of A Breeding Collection Of Apios Americana, An Edible Tuberous Legume, Vikas Belamkar, Andrew Farmer, Nathan T. Weeks, Scott R. Kalberer, William J. Blackmon, Steven B. Cannon

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

For species with potential as new crops, rapid improvement may be facilitated by new genomic methods. Apios (Apios americana Medik.), once a staple food source of Native American Indians, produces protein-rich tubers, tolerates a wide range of soils, and symbiotically fixes nitrogen. We report the first high-quality de novo transcriptome assembly, an expression atlas, and a set of 58,154 SNP and 39,609 gene expression markers (GEMs) for characterization of a breeding collection. Both SNPs and GEMs identify six genotypic clusters in the collection. Transcripts mapped to the Phaseolus vulgaris genome–another phaseoloid legume with the same chromosome number–provide provisional genetic …

Plants Having Increased Bomass And Methods For Making The Same, Aleel K. Grennan, Donald R. Ort, Stephen Patrick Moose, Damla D. Bilgin, Thomas Clemente, Fredy Altpeter, Stephen P. Long

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The impact of plastid size change in both monocot and dicot plants has been examined. In both, when plastid size is increased there is an increase in biomass relative to the parental lines. Thus, provided herein are methods for increasing the biomass of a plant, comprising decreasing the expression of at least one plastid division protein in a plant. Optionally, the level of chlorophyll in the plant is also reduced.

Arboretum Annual Report 2015-2016, Glenn Dreyer

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Nebline, October 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Legends of the Fall — Accidental and Occasional Invaders

Food & Health

Farm & Acreage

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Horticulture

Early Childhood

4-H & Youth

Extension Calendar

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Nebline, September 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: 4-H Youth Showcase Projects, Develop Skills at the Super Fair

Food & Health

Farm & Acreage

Pests & Wildlife

Horticulture

Early Childhood

4-H & Youth

Extension Calendar

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Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2015, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

The Importance Of Ambient Temperature To Growth And The Induction Of Flowering, C. R. Mcclung, Ping Lou, Victor Hermand, Jin A. Kim

Dartmouth Scholarship

Plant development is exquisitely sensitive to the environment. Light quantity, quality, and duration (photoperiod) have profound effects on vegetative morphology and flowering time. Recent studies have demonstrated that ambient temperature is a similarly potent stimulus influencing morphology and flowering. In Arabidopsis, ambient temperatures that are high, but not so high as to induce a heat stress response, confer morphological changes that resemble the shade avoidance syndrome. Similarly, these high but not stressful temperatures can accelerate flowering under short day conditions as effectively as exposure to long days. Photoperiodic flowering entails a series of external coincidences, in which environmental cycles of …

Nebline, August 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: 4-H Clover College 20th Anniversary — Grows From 8 to 58 Workshops

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Special pullout section: Lancaster County Super Fair 2016 Schedule & Map

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2015-2016, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, D. E. Moon, J. P. Kelley

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers.

Winter Greenhouse Production And Tissue Culture Of Basil (Ocimum Spp.), Wan Wei

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Basil (Ocimum spp.) is a popular annual culinary and medicinal herb contains essential oils. Numerous researchers have studied the effects of fertilizer level on the growth and oil yield of basil, but in most studies, basil was grown in the field during the summer. Our experiment was conducted in a controlled environment greenhouse using a capillary mat system during the winter with a goal of increasing dry weight for fresh produce and basil essential oil. The 7-month experiment was conducted to determine the optimal production timeline and fertilizer levels for eight basil cultivars grown in a soilless mix. We …

Manipulating Air And Root-Zone Temperature For Energy-Efficient Floriculture Crop Production, Madeline W. Olberg

Open Access Theses

Given the high energy costs for greenhouse floriculture production, growers are constantly searching for more energy-efficient methods of production. For example, some growers will lower greenhouse air temperature set points or grow crops in unheated high tunnels (HTs) or outdoors in order to minimize or eliminate heating costs. Unfortunately, development can be delayed and morphology can be altered if the mean daily air temperature (MDT) is reduced. We proposed that reducing MDT in combination with root-zone heating (RZH) could be an energy-efficient method for producing high-quality floriculture crops without significant delays. Unheated HT and unprotected outdoor production are very low-cost …

Mapping And Analyzing Energy Use And Efficiency In A Modified Hydroponic Shipping Container, Rachel E. Sparks

Open Access Theses

In urban centers today, vertical farming is becoming a popular alternative to conventional agriculture in an effort to increase local food production and improve urban food security by growing crops using hydroponic methods in controlled environment spaces. More specifically, one vertical method involves growing crops inside refurbished shipping containers, or a “farm-in-a-box” concept, which offers a flexible, mobile, and scalable means of year-round food production in a variety of climates. Despite benefits of producing food locally, some of the concerns associated with these vertical farming systems include high energy consumption from climate control and electric lighting systems as well as …

B. R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2015, R. J. Norman, K.A. K. Moldenhauer

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Cross Species Selection Scans Identify Components Of C4 Photosynthesis In The Grasses, Pu Huang, Anthony J. Studer, James C. Schnable, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Thomas P. Brutnell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

C₄ photosynthesis is perhaps one of the best examples of convergent adaptive evolution with over 25 independent origins in the grasses (Poaceae) alone. The availability of high quality grass genome sequences presents new opportunities to explore the mechanisms underlying this complex trait using evolutionary biology-based approaches. In this study, we performed genome-wide cross-species selection scans in C₄ lineages to facilitate discovery of C₄ genes. The study was enabled by the well conserved collinearity of grass genomes and the recently sequenced genome of a C₃ panicoid grass, Dichanthelium oligosanthes. This method, in contrast to previous studies, …

Nebline, July 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Lancaster County Extension Board — Building Our Community Connection

Food & Health

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Herbicide Resistantsorghum Mutants, Ismail M. Dweikat

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This disclosure provides for four different sorghum mutants that exhibit resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. This dis closure also provides for methods of using such Sorghum mutants that exhibit resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in breeding methods to make Sorghum hybrids, varieties, or lines. The Sorghum hybrids, varieties, and lines provided in this disclosure can be used in methods of controlling weeds.

Quantification Of Carbohydrates In Grape Tissues Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Lu Zhao, Ann M. Chanon, Nabanita Chattopadhyay, Imed E. Dami, Joshua J. Blakeslee

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Publications

Soluble sugars play an important role in freezing tolerance in both herbaceous and woody plants, functioning in both the reduction of freezing-induced dehydration and the cryoprotection of cellular constituents. The quantification of soluble sugars in plant tissues is, therefore, essential in understanding freezing tolerance. While a number of analytical techniques and methods have been used to quantify sugars, most of these are expensive and time-consuming due to complex sample preparation procedures which require the derivatization of the carbohydrates being analyzed. Analysis of soluble sugars using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) under alkaline conditions with direct UV detection has previously been used …

Long-Term Sandhills Prairie Responses To Precipitation, Temperature, And Cattle Stocking Rate, John A. Guretzky, Cheryl Dunn, Heidi L. Hillhouse

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Understanding of Sandhills prairie, the most expansive sand dune region stabilized by perennial grasses in the Western Hemisphere, is limited by lack of long-term vegetation data. We used a 26-year dataset to evaluate Sandhills prairie responses to yearto- year variation in precipitation, temperature, and cattle stocking rate. Basal cover, a measurement that is constant seasonally and used to detect long-term changes in bunchgrass vegetation, was measured in 38–40 permanent plots positioned along four transects spanning 769 ha from 1979 to 2007. Across this period, total basal cover averaged 2.4 % and was dominated by warm-season grasses (81.1 %). Schizachyrium scoparium …

Nebline, June 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: The Garden Grocery — Food Safety & Selection at Farmers’ Markets

Food & Health

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The Hiv-1 Tat Protein Is Monomethylated At Lysine 71 By The Lysine Methyltransferase Kmt7, Ibraheem Ali, Holly Ramage, Daniela Boehm, Lynnette M. A. Dirk, Naoki Sakane, Kazuki Hanada, Sara Pagans, Katrin Kaehlcke, Katherine Aull, Leor Weinberger, Raymond Trievel, Martina Schnoelzer, Masafumi Kamada, Robert L. Houtz, Melanie Ott

Horticulture Faculty Publications

The HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat is a critical regulator of HIV transcription primarily enabling efficient elongation of viral transcripts. Its interactions with RNA and various host factors are regulated by ordered, transient post-translational modifications. Here, we report a novel Tat modification, monomethylation at lysine 71 (K71). We found that Lys-71 monomethylation (K71me) is catalyzed by KMT7, a methyltransferase that also targets lysine 51 (K51) in Tat. Using mass spectrometry, in vitro enzymology, and modification-specific antibodies, we found that KMT7 monomethylates both Lys-71 and Lys-51 in Tat. K71me is important for full Tat transactivation, as KMT7 knockdown impaired the transcriptional activity …

Arkansas Soybean Research Studies 2014, Jeremy Ross

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Nebline, May 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Emerald Ash Borer is Getting Closer

Food & Health

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Screening Strawberry Clones For Anthracnose Disease Resistance Using Traditional Techniques And Molecular Markers, Melinda A. Miller-Butler

Dissertations

Cultivated strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne, is host for many pathogens. One of the most destructive diseases of strawberry is anthracnose, whose symptoms include fruit rot, leaf and petiole lesions, crown rot, wilt, and death. Three species of Colletotrichum are considered causative agents of anthracnose diseases of strawberry. Colletotrichum acutatum causes anthracnose fruit rot, has a broad host range, and occurs in most areas of the world where strawberries are grown. Colletotrichum fragariae, the primary causal fungus of anthracnose crown rot, may infect all aboveground parts of the strawberry plant, and has restricted host and geographic ranges. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides …

Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) Seed Germination And Whole Plant Growth Response To Heat Stress And Association Mapping Of Bolting, Tallness And Erectness For Use In Spinach Breeding, Jessica Chitwood

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The effect of temperature on spinach seed germination was evaluated using a total of nine spinach genotypes and seven temperatures: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 oC in growth chambers. Genetic variation was observed. ‘Donkey’, ‘Marabu’, and ‘Raccoon’ showed higher seed germination percentage with over 70% at 30 and 32 oC, indicating the three spinach genotypes had heat-tolerance for germination. However, all spinach genotypes except ‘Ozarka II’ had lower germination percentages of less than 30% while ‘Ozarka II’ had 63% at 35 oC, indicating ‘Ozarka II’ may be a source of heat-tolerance for seed germination.

Seed germination may …

Biology, Ecology, And Management Of Nonnative Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) In Ornamental Plant Nurseries, Christopher M. Ranger, Michael E. Reding, Peter B. Schultz, Jason B. Oliver, Steve D. Frank, Karla M. Addesso, Juang Hong Chong, Blair Sampson, Christopher Werle, Stanton Gill, Charles Krause

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are two of the most damaging nonnative ambrosia beetle pests in ornamental plant nurseries. Adult females tunnel into the stems and branches of host plants to create galleries with brood chambers. Hosts are infected with symbiotic Ambrosiella spp. fungi that serve as food for the larvae and adults. Plants can also become infected with secondary opportunistic pathogens, including Fusarium spp. Both X. germanus and X. crassiusculus have broad host ranges, and infestations can result in “toothpicks” of extruded chewed wood and sap flow associated with gallery entrances, canopy dieback, stem …

Evaluating Pedestrial Compaction Variation & Soil Organic C Content, Gunner B. Decker

Scholars Week

Over time, playing fields are monitored by overall appearance. However, pedestrian compaction is not evenly distributed throughout the entire surface.

Nebline, April 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Climate Impacts on Cropping Systems in Eastern Nebraska

Food & Health

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Special Pullout Section: Weed Awareness

Rekayasa Source – Sink Dengan Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Benih Kentang Di Dataran Medium Desa Margawati Kabupaten Garut, Anne Nuraini, Yayat Rochayat Suradinata, Dedi Widayat

Jurnal Kultivasi

Produksi kentang dipengaruhi oleh keter-sediaan benihnya. Kurangnya pasokan atau ketersediaan benih kentang akan berpengaruh pada produksi kentang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kualitas ubi kentang G2 yang dihasilkan dengan sistem Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) di lapangan. Percobaan dilakukan pada dataran medium di Garut dengan ketinggian tempat sekitar 700 m di atas permukaan laut untuk menghasilkan benih kentang G3 dengan perlakuan aplikasi sitokinin 0, 5, 10 dan 15 ml/L dan paklobutrazol 0, 15, 30 dan 45 ml/L. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi sitokinin yaitu: 0, 5, 10 dan 15 ml/L, dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi …