Horticulture Commons^™

Resilience To Large, “Catastrophic” Wildfires In North America's Grassland Biome, Victoria M. Donovan, Dirac Twidwell, Daniel R. Uden, Tsegaye Tadesse, Brian D. Wardlow, Christine H. Bielski, Matthew O. Jones, Brady W. Allred, David E. Naugle, Craig R. Allen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Wildfires are ecosystem‐level drivers of structure and function in many vegetated biomes. While numerous studies have emphasized the benefits of fire to ecosystems, large wildfires have also been associated with the loss of ecosystem services and shifts in vegetation abundance. The size and number of wildfires are increasing across a number of regions, and yet the outcomes of large wildfire on vegetation at large‐scales are still largely unknown. We introduce an exhaustive analysis of wildfire‐scale vegetation response to large wildfires across North America's grassland biome. We use 18 years of a newly released vegetation data set combined with 1,390 geospatial …

Techniques To Enhance The Attributes Of Wines Produced From Grapes Grown In Arkansas, Sarah Mayfield

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Grapevines (Vitis spp.) are one of the most widely-planted horticultural crops, and the United States plays a major role in grape and wine production. Arkansas has a long history of grape and wine production with grapes grown in Arkansas including mostly native species, such as muscadines, and hybrids (crosses of Vitis spp.), such as Chambourcin. In addition, the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UA System) grape breeding program has cultivars and selections that have shown potential for wine production. The objectives of this research were to: evaluate effects of specific inactivated yeast application to Chambourcin grapevines on attributes …

Control Of Volunteer Corn In Enlist Corn And Economics Of Herbicide Programs For Weed Control In Conventional And Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Soybean Across Nebraska, Adam Michael Striegel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

With commercialization of multiple herbicide-resistant corn and soybean cultivars, producers have new management options for controlling herbicide-resistant weeds and volunteer corn. Corn-on-corn production systems are common in irrigated fields in southcentral Nebraska which can create issues with volunteer corn management in corn fields. Enlist corn contains a new multiple herbicide-resistant trait providing resistance to 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOPs). Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at South Central Agricultural Laboratory near Clay Center, Nebraska with the objective to evaluate ACCase-inhibiting herbicides and herbicide application timing on volunteer corn control, Enlist corn injury, and yield. Glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant corn …

Buffalograss Diversity Assessment, Jesse Collin Marshall

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Buffalograss [Buchloë dactylodes (Nutt.) Engelm. syn. Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus] is a low input alternative turfgrass for the Great Plains region. Buffalograss is a dioecious stoloniferous warm season grass with wide variation of valuable traits and is well adapted for use in minimal maintenance landscapes. The obligate outcrossing nature of the species and wide variation of potentially valuable traits make buffalograss a prime candidate for cultivar improvement and genetic study. Limited information is available regarding buffalograss genetics. In effort to expand genetic resources around buffalograss, we developed buffalograss derived simple sequence repeat markers from previously available transcriptomes of buffalograss …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2019, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Hydroponic And Soilless Culture Systems And Transplant Practices Influence Production Of Basil (Omicum Basilicum L.), Samuel Warren Edward Doty

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Two controlled-environment greenhouse experiments evaluated (1) plant growth and morphology of basil (Omicum basilicum L.) grown in three different hydroponic and soilless substrate systems and (2) seedling tray cell-count and transplant date into hydroponic culture effects on basil growth and yield at harvest. For the first experiment, four basil cultivars (‘Genovese’, ‘Mrs. Burns Lemon’, ‘Sweet Thai’, and ‘Cinnamon’) were grown in deep flow technique (DFT) hydroponics, nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponics, and a novel shallow aggregate ebb-and-flood (SAEF) soilless substrate system and were harvested after 21 d. Plant yield and morphological characteristics measured at harvest included shoot fresh mass, shoot …

Design Of A Deep Flow Technique Hydroponic System And An Elementary Education Module For Tri Cycle Farms, Cady Rosenbaum

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Hydroponics is an agricultural technique in which plants are grown without soil and are instead grown in water systems that include nutrients and other growth-supporting media. Hydroponic systems typically reside inside, so that the system can be fully controlled by the grower by manipulating the temperature and amount of light the plants receive. The benefits of growing plants using hydroponics include: the amount of water used is reduced, it is less labor to grow organic produce with an indoor system, less space used, and it allows for growing food anywhere. Tri Cycle Farms is planning for the construction of a …

An Evaluation Of Biopesticide Combinations On Yield Performance And Disease/Arthropod Control Of Strawberries Grown In High Tunnel Plasticulture Production Systems In Arkansas., Karlee B. Pruitt

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This two-year study investigated combinations of biopesticides to determine impacts on strawberry fruit marketable fruit yields, and effectiveness in controlling strawberry pests in a high tunnel production system at the University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Two strawberry cultivars Fragaria × ananassa (Duch.), Camino Real and Sweet Sensation were grown in a high tunnel from early-October to mid-May for two consecutive growing seasons, (2017-18 and 2018-19) with six treatment combinations of biopesticides including an untreated (water) control, nutrient spray and selected biological based fungicides and insecticides, arranged into a split-plot randomized block design. …

Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl Use In Arkansas Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Hannah Elizabeth Wright

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a synthetic auxin herbicide which was commercially released in 2018 to combat troublesome grass, broadleaf, and sedge weed species in rice. Many factors may influence cultivar response to a new herbicide; hence, it is important to understand factors contributing to crop sensitivity to an herbicide in order to make appropriate recommendations. Prior to the onset of this study, research had been conducted on florpyrauxifen-benzyl in a flooded environment; however, none had been executed in a non-flooded environment. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of a long-grain variety ‘CL111’, a medium-grain variety ‘CL272’, and a long-grain hybrid ‘CLXL745’ …

The Role Of Flies As Pollinators Of Horticultural Crops: An Australian Case Study With Worldwide Relevance, David F. Cook, Sasha C. Voss, Jonathan T D Finch, Romina C. Rader, James M. Cook, Cameron J. Spurr

Horticulture Research Articles

Australian horticulture relies heavily on the introduced managed honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to pollinate crops. Given the risks associated with reliance upon a single species, it would be prudent to identify other taxa that could be managed to provide crop pollination services. We reviewed the literature relating to the distribution, efficiency and management potential of a number of flies (Diptera) known to visit pollinator-dependent crops in Australia and worldwide. Applying this information, we identified the taxa most suitable to play a greater role as managed pollinators in Australian crops. Of the taxa reviewed, flower visitation by …

Reaction Of Tepary Beans To Eight Virulent Races Of The Rust Pathogen That Overcomes All Known Common Bean Rust Resistance Genes, Santos Barrera Lemus, Prabin Tamang, Carlos A. Urrea, Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Bean rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus, is a major disease of common and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) worldwide (Stavely, 1984). Although host resistance is an important component of rust management (Mmbaga et al., 1996), populations of the rust pathogen comprise an extensive and shifting virulence diversity that could render susceptible all known rust resistance genes in common bean. Conversely, it has been suggested that certain tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) accessions are broadly resistant to bean rust (Miklas & Stavely, 1998). The objectives of this study were to verify if tepary beans are resistant to …

Pumpkin Cultivar Evaluation For Eastern Minnesota 2019, Annie Klodd, Rod Elmstrand

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

This trial compared the performance of 32 pumpkin varieties, including new cultivars and cultivars commonly grown in Minnesota, under minimal-till conditions in east-central Minnesota. Yield, average fruit weight, fruit weight variability, tons per acre, fruit per acre, and handle length were evaluated and reported for each variety.

Extreme Fire As A Management Tool To Combat Regime Shifts In The Range Of The Endangered American Burying Beetle, Alison K. Ludwig, Daniel R. Uden, Dirac Twidwell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study is focused on the population of federally-endangered American burying beetles in south-central Nebraska. It is focused on changes in land cover over time and at several levels of spatial scale, and how management efforts are impacting both the beetle and a changing landscape. Our findings are applicable to a large portion of the Great Plains, which is undergoing the same shift from grassland to woodland, and to areas where the beetle is still found.

Respons Fisiologis Tanaman Kentang Terhadap Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Pada Berbagai Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan Di Dataran Medium, Nita Yuniati, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Mochamad Arief Soleh

Jurnal Kultivasi

Peningkatan suhu global akibat peningkatan konsentrasi CO2 di atmosfer sangat berpotensi terjadi cekaman kekeringan pada tanaman kentang. Fenomena ini dapat mempengaruhi proses fisiologis tanaman. Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) asam salisilat dan paclobutrazol mampu memberikan perlindungan bagi tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan melalui serangkaian proses fisiologis seperti peningkatan aktivitas fotosintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara ZPT dan cekaman kekeringan serta memperoleh jenis ZPT dan kondisi cekaman kekeringan yang masih mampu menghasilkan karakter fisiologis tanaman kentang terbaik di dataran medium. Percobaan bertempat di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Jatinangor, pada ketinggian 685 m di atas permukaan laut. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan …

Variance Heterogeneity Genome-Wide Mapping For Cadmium In Bread Wheat Reveals Novel Genomic Loci And Epistatic Interactions, Waseem Hussain, Malachy T. Campbell, Diego Jarquin, Harkamal Walia, Gota Morota

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Genome-wide association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence the mean differences between the marker genotypes for a given trait. While most loci influence the mean value of a trait, certain loci, known as variance heterogeneity QTL (vQTL) determine the variability of the trait instead of the mean trait value (mQTL). In the present study, we performed a variance heterogeneity genome-wide association study (vGWAS) for grain cadmium (Cd) concentration in bread wheat. We used double generalized linear model and hierarchical generalized linear model to identify vQTL associated with grain Cd. We identified novel vQTL regions on chromosomes 2A and …

Potensi Jamur Rizosfer Bawang Merah Dalam Menekan Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Cepae, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Umbi Bawang Merah, Satriyo Restu Adhi, Tarkus Suganda

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penyakit busuk umbi yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (Foc) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada bawang merah. Pengendalian penyakit busuk umbi yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan pengendalian biologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat jamur asal rizosfer tanaman bawang merah yang memiliki sifat antagonis terhadap Foc. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, pada bulan November 2017 hingga Januari 2018. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri atas: (1) isolasi dari tanah rizosfer pertanaman bawang merah asal Desa Pelayangan Kabupaten Cirebon, (2) uji antagonisme secara in-vitro dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap …

Pengujian Efektivitas Jenis Media Tanam Dan Nutrisi Terhadap Produksi Kubis Bunga (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Botrytis, Subvar. Cauliflora Dc) Kultivar Mona F1 Pada Sistem Hidroponik, Rommy Andhika Laksono

Jurnal Kultivasi

Ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi kubis bunga di Indonesia, diantaranya sistem budidaya yang kurang tepat, nutrisi yang kurang optimal, kurangnya pemanfaatan unsur organik dalam teknik budidayanya, serta pemanfaatan lahan sempit perkotaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan mendapatkan jenis nutrisi yang memberikan produksi tertinggi kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea L. Var. botrytis) kultivar Mona F1 pada setiap jenis media tanam dengan hidroponik sistem fertigasi untuk menciptakan pertanian berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di screen house bertempat di Desa Karang Mekar, Kecamatan Kedungwaringin, Kabupaten Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tempat penelitian berada pada ketinggian 15 meter di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian …

Container Type And Substrate Affect Root Zone Temperature And Growth Of ‘Green Giant’ Arborvitae, Anthony L. Witcher, Jeremy M. Pickens, Eugene K. Blythe

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Root zone temperature (RZT) in nursery containers commonly exceeds ambient temperature during the growing season, negatively impacting crop growth and quality. Black nursery containers absorb radiant heat resulting in excessive RZT, yet other types of containers and different substrates can moderate RZT. We conducted studies in Tennessee and Alabama to evaluate the effects of container type and substrate on RZT and growth of ‘Green Giant’ arborvitae (Thuja standishii × plicata ‘Green Giant’). Trade gallon arborvitae were transplanted into black, white, or air pruning containers filled with pine bark (PB) or 4 PB: 1 peatmoss (v:v) (PB:PM). Plants grown in PB:PM …

Container Color And Compost Substrate Affect Root Zone Temperature And Growth Of “Green Giant” Arborvitae, Anthony L. Witcher, Jeremy M. Pickens, Eugene K. Blythe

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Container-grown nursery crops are commonly exposed to root zone stress due to inadequate moisture and supraoptimal root zone temperature (RZT). Compost substrates can improve water and nutrient retention but plant responses can vary due to physical and chemical properties. Dark color containers absorb solar radiation through the container side wall leading to excessive heat buildup in the substrate, yet white containers can reduce RZT. Compost substrates and container color were examined for effects on RZT and growth of “Green Giant” arborvitae (Thuja standishii × plicata “Green Giant”). “Green Giant” arborvitae were transplanted into white or black containers (11.3 L) filled …

Date Palm Wastes As Growth Substrate In Hydroponics To Grow Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.), Khawla Mohammed Al Marzooqi

Aridland Agriculture Theses

Recently, many countries are practicing a variety of modern farming techniques like hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics vertical farming etc., to enhance production and quality of the production. Among such techniques, hydroponic system of production is growing plants in an appropriate substrate, which provides both physical and nutrient support with a suitable root environment. Substrate media can be either inorganic or organic. In this study, date palm leaf waste has been used, rock wool slab and cocopeat slab. The main objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using palm leaf wastes as a growing substrate extensively in the hydroponics …

Nebline, April 2020

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Preparing Water for Use in an Emergency

Extension Postponements, Cancellations & Changes

Census Reminder

Create a Culture of Wellness with Nebraska Extension

RECIPE OF THE MONTH

Warm Spring and Weed Growth

Creating Capable Children

Empathy Over Sympathy

Those Pesky Fruit Flies

Preventing Conflicts With Tree Squirrels

Six Annual Flowers for Sunny Locations

Hiring a Lawn & Landscape Professional

Garden Guide: Things to Do This Month

HEART OF 4-H

At 4-H Lock-In, Teen Council 4-H’ers “Inspire Kids to Do”

New in 4-H at Super Fair

4-H/FFA Livestock Identification Help Nights, June 2 & 9

4-H Senior Ellie Babcock’s Third Year Showcasing …

A Global Perspective On Sustainable Intensification Research, Kenneth Cassman, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Despite general agreement that meeting food demand without further loss of natural ecosystems requires sustainable intensification, there is little dialogue about the research agenda needed to achieve it. To that end, we evaluate current trajectories towards sustainable intensification, review published research on the topic, identify missing links, and propose a prioritization framework to fill gaps. Although progress towards sustainable intensification is behind schedule, we are optimistic that current trends can get back on course assuming a well-prioritized and adequately funded research portfolio and appropriate policies and institutions to support it.

Al-Induced Proteomics Changes In Tomato Plants Over-Expressing A Glyoxalase I Gene, Xudong Sun, Hui Li, Santosh Thapa, Sasikiran Reddy Sangireddy, Xiaobo Pei, Wei Liu, Yuping Jiang, Shaolan Yang, Dafeng Hui, Sarabjit Bhatti, Suping Zhou, Yong Yang, Tara Fish, Theodore W. Thannhauser

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Glyoxalase I (Gly I) is the first enzyme in the glutathionine-dependent glyoxalase pathway for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) under stress conditions. Transgenic tomato ‘Money Maker’ plants overexpressing tomato SlGlyI gene (tomato unigene accession SGN-U582631/Solyc09g082120.3.1) were generated and homozygous lines were obtained after four generations of self-pollination. In this study, SlGlyI-overepxressing line (GlyI), wild type (WT, negative control) and plants transformed with empty vector (ECtr, positive control), were subjected to Al-treatment by growing in Magnavaca’s nutrient solution (pH 4.5) supplemented with 20 µM Al3+ ion activity. After 30 days of treatments, the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots …

Herbicide Injury From Dicamba And 2,4-D: How Much Is Too Much In Lettuce?, Xinzheng Chen, Amit J. Jhala, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Samuel E. Wortman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Off-target herbicide injury from dicamba and 2,4-D is an increasingly common problem for specialty crop growers in the Midwest United States. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a common specialty crops grown in Nebraska, but proximity to corn and soybean production leaves growers vulnerable to crop injury and significant economic loss. The goal of this study was to quantify crop injury and yield loss in greenhouse grown lettuce after exposure to simulated sub-lethal drift rates of 2,4-D and dicamba. Sublethal doses were determined based on a percentage of the maximum labeled rate and ranged from 25% to 0.01%. Tested lettuce …

Spring Meadow Management Practices: What’S A Rancher To Do?, Tara M. Harms, Jerry D. Volesky, Mitchell B. Stephenson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Subirrigated meadows are a valuable forage resource to ranching operations in the Nebraska Sandhills, being used for both hay production and livestock grazing.

The water table of these meadows is within one meter of the soil surface during the growing season.

In some years, wet conditions hinder meadow utilization, resulting in a buildup of standing dead and litter plant material which can lower forage production.

Investigate if burning and mowing are effective strategies to remove dead plant material from meadows • Determine if burning or mowing interact with grazing to influence end of season forage production

Burning or mowing effectively …

Using Degree Days To Time Treatments For Insect Pests, Marion Murray

All Current Publications

Insecticides that are applied for a perennial insect pest based on a calendar date often result in poor insect control and a waste of resources. Insect activity varies from year to year depending on weather. For example, in Logan, Utah, eggs of the apple pest codling moth began hatching on May 15 in 2005, May 5 in 2006, and April 30 in 2007.

Optimum Rates Of Surface-Applied Coal Char Decreased Soil Ammonia Volatilization Loss, Dinesh Panday, Maysoon M. Mikha, Harold P. Collins, Virginia L. Jin, Michael Kaiser, Jennifer Cooper, Arindam Malakar, Bijesh Maharjan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fertilizer N losses from agricultural systems have economic and environmental implications. Soil amendment with high C materials, such as coal char, may mitigate N losses. Char, a coal combustion residue, obtained from a sugar factory in Scottsbluff, NE, contained 29% C by weight. A 30-d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char addition on N losses via nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission, ammonia (NH₃) volatilization, and nitrate (NO₃–N) leaching from fertilized loam and sandy loam soils. Char was applied at five different rates (0, 6.7, 10.1, 13.4, and 26.8 Mg C ha …

Landscape Performance Of Buck Roses Under Minimal-Input Conditions In North-Central Texas, Derald A. Harp, Gaye Hammond, David C. Zlesak, Greg Church, Mark Chamblee, Steve George

Faculty Publications

Griffith Buck (Iowa State University) bred roses (Rosa sp.) to survive long, cold winters and hot, humid summers yet still retain their foliage without fungicides. Unfortunately, there is little known about the performance of Buck roses in the southern United States. Thirty-eight Buck rose cultivars were evaluated for flowering, disease resistance, drought tolerance, and overall landscape performance in alkaline soils with no fertilizer, no pesticides, and only limited irrigation. Flowering occurred on a bimodal basis, with the highest per plant mean bloom number (16.3 blooms) and bloom coverage (9.7%) in April, and a second flowering in the fall, with …

Using Ndvi To Differentiate Wheat Genotypes Productivity Under Dryland And Irrigated Conditions, Mohammed A. Naser, Raj Khosla, Louis Longchamps, Subash Dahal

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Crop breeders are looking for tools to facilitate the screening of genotypes in field trials. Remote sensing-based indices such as normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) are sensitive to biomass and nitrogen (N) variability in crop canopies. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine if proximal sensor-based NDVI readings can differentiate the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and (ii) to determine if NDVI readings can be used to classify wheat genotypes into grain yield productivity classes. This study was conducted in northeastern Colorado in 2010 and 2011. The NDVI readings were acquired weekly from March to …

Nebline, March 2020

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Nutrition Education Program Fosters Healthy Families and Communities

Everyone Counts. 2020 Census

Recipes of the Month

Private Applicator Trainings, March 9 & 10

Southeast Nebraska Soil Health Conference, March 3

Dicamba Training, March 10

Recent Workshop Recordings Online

Pruning to Create Strength and Good Structure in Young Trees

Bug Word Search

Avoid Unwanted Guests at Your Bird Feeders

2020 All-America Selections Vegetable Winners

Garden Guide: Things to Do This Month

Look Who's Hatching Program for Childcare Centers "Incubates" Imagination

Heart of 4-H Volunteer Award: Clayton Haman

4-H Announcements for 4-H'ers and Volunteers

4-H Achievement Celebration

Extension Calendar

4-H Horse Hippology …