Botany Commons^™

Moderate Level Of Toxic Boron Causes Differential Regulation Of Micrornas Related To Jasmonate And Ethylene Metabolisms In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Doğa Seli̇n Kayihan, Ceyhun Kayihan, Yelda Özden Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Earlier our colleagues detected that the genes related to jasmonate (JA), ethylene, and cell wall modification were significantly regulated under boron (B) toxicity in wheat. Determination of regulation mechanisms of these novel genes under B toxicity is very important in Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant. As key regulators, the microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and respond to numerous abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, expression levels of miRNAs such as miR159, miR172, miR319, and miR394 targeting JA and ethylene-related transcription factors and also miR397 targeting laccase were determined in Arabidopsis thaliana under toxic B …

G-Quadruplex Enrichment Analysis Reveals Their Role As Intronic Regulatory Elements In Plants, Osman Doluca

Turkish Journal of Botany

G-Quadruplexes, a class of noncanonical but highly stable nucleic acid structures, have the potential to be part of the regulatory mechanism of cells. They can form in the genome where the double-stranded helix is unwound to facilitate formation of a G-quadruplex. The biological significance of these structures is yet to be understood entirely. This work presents a novel approach and investigates common characteristics in the distribution of G-quadruplexes relative to genes in plants through analysis of genomes and gene expressions. The results indicate that G-quadruplex distribution has gone through significant changes with the evolution of higher plants and, for the …

Characterizing Ethylene Pathway Genes During The Development, Ripening, And Postharvest Response In Citrus Reticulata Blanco Fruit Pulp, Karishma Kashyap, Sofia Banu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ethylene is involved in the regulation of the natural process of fruit pulp development and postharvest storage. The present study was carried out to determine the expression of eight genes encoding ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during development in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit pulp as well as during postharvest storage in the fruit pulp (at 4 °C and 20 °C). Gibberellic acid (GA3) is known to improve internal fruit quality and to mediate various stress responses during postharvest fruit storage in species like citrus. The effect of GA3 during postharvest storage was also investigated to understand the regulation of …

Assessing Impacts Of Climate Change On Campanula Yaltirikii H.Duman (Campanulaceae), A Critically Endangered Endemic Species In Turkey, Canan Dülgeroğlu, Ahmet Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ecological niche models (ENMs) provide information to assess the effects of environmental and climatic conditions on species distribution. The purpose of this study was to predict the impact of climate change on a critically endangered species, Campanula yaltirikii H.Duman. It is a local endemic chasmophyte from Mt Çığlıkara (Antalya, Turkey), restricted to cracks in calcareous rocks and threatened by goat overgrazing. Current and future ENMs of C. yaltirikii were predicted with a maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm. The MIROC5 (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate) climate change scenario for the year 2070 was used for projecting the future ENM of the …

Roles Of Plant Cbl?Cipk Systems In Abiotic Stress Responses, Shilian Huang, Shaofeng Jiang, Junsong Liang, Miao Chen

Turkish Journal of Botany

Plants evolved from long-term adaptation to form regulatory mechanisms of perception, transduction, and response to stresses. The CBL?CIPK signaling system is a basic calcium sensor that plays an important role in sensing adverse environmental stimuli. CBLs can perceive and bind Ca2+ under adversity and then specifically interact with CIPKs. The activated CBL?CIPK complex phosphorylates downstream target proteins (such as ion channels and transporters), or regulates transcription factors and stress responsive genes. Important progress has been made in the study of CBL?CIPK signaling pathways in response to high salt, low N, low K, high Mg, and high pH. This review summarizes …

Reproductive Ecology Of Seseli Ghafoorianum (Apiaceae) Restricted To Rocky Cliffs In Iran, Yousef Ajani, Regine Classen-Bockhoff

Turkish Journal of Botany

Endemic and relict species are of particular interest when evaluating the ecological intactness of a given area. In this paper, the reproductive ecology of Seseli ghafoorianum (Apiaceae) is investigated, aiming to contribute to its protection. The species is considered as a Tertiary relict species in Iran. Both dwarf form and cliff habitats are rare in the family, raising the question of how the plant has adapted to this environment. Population structure, plant architecture and flowering sequence, pollinators, pollen quantification, and seed set (bagging experiment) were investigated. Individuals produce about 20 flowering branches with ca. 120 umbels. Flowers and umbels are …

A Contribution To The Taxonomy Of Zoegea (Asteraceae, Cardueae?Centaureinae), Kazem Negaresh, Mohammad Reza Rahiminejad

Turkish Journal of Botany

A worldwide taxonomic revision and the relevant lectotypifications of Zoegea L. (Asteraceae) are presented. The recognized taxa, the relevant synonyms, type details, images of the type specimen, examined specimen lists, and a taxonomic key are provided for this genus. The geographic distribution of all recognized taxa is presented and tabulated. Zoegea leptaurea L. subsp. leptaurea for the floras of Iran and Saudi Arabia and also Z. purpurea Fresen. for the flora of Iraq are reported as new here.

Identification And Functional Analysis Of Soybean Gmsbh1 Gene Promoter Conferring High Temperature- And Humidity-Induced Expression, Ming Chen, Peipei Qian, Zhankui Wang, Yingjie Shu, Yuan Tao, Liyan Huang, Yilong Wang, Haihong Zhao, Hao Ma

Turkish Journal of Botany

Soybean homeobox gene GmSBH1 has previously been proven to be involved in response to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress. To investigate its expression patterns and active cis-elements, a 2040-bp 5'-upstream genomic DNA fragment of GmSBH1,named GmSBH1P, was isolated by PCR walking and characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the fragment contains a series of cis-acting elements related to stress responses. The transient expression assay in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and in the cotyledonary nodes of soybean indicated that the GmSBH1P strongly and rapidly mediates the induction of GUS expression under HTH stress. Deletion and mutation analysis of the promoter …

Two Pronounced Chlorella Strains For Efficient Biodiesel Feedstock Production, İlhami̇ Tüzün, Zeynep Eli̇bol Çakmak, Emmanuel Young, Turgay Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, two indigenous Chlorella strains were evaluated for triacylglycerol (TAG) production and related parameters during 10 days of N-deprivation. The strains were identified based on morphological characteristics and genomic information, named as Chlorella sp. IMU12 and Chlorella sp. IMU17. Time-dependent reduction of growth was accompanied by decreased chlorophyll content, reduced oxygen evolution ratio, and elevated carotenoid content of both strains cultivated in N-free Bold's basal medium. Nitrogen deprivation induced total lipid and neutral lipid content in both strains, supported by FTIR measurement of TAGs. Chlorella sp. IMU17 showed higher production of TAGs as a response to N-deprivation. Strikingly, …

Morphological Characterization And Relationships Among Some Important Wild And Domestic Turkish Mustard Genotypes (Brassica Spp.), Fatma Kayaçeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Mustards occupy an important place among oilseed species due to their considerable economic and nutritional value and multiple uses. This study made use of 77 mustard genotypes collected from the USDA gene bank and diverse ecologies of Turkey to determine the extent of morphologic variability among them. The genotypes were screened to select genotypes appropriate for use in mustard breeding programs during 2015?16 and 2016?17 under the Mediterranean rainfed conditions of Yenimahalle (spring sowing and autumn sowing) and Haymana (spring sowing). Cluster analysis showed significant diversity among the genotypes. Promising genotypes with different genetic backgrounds for spring and autumn sowing …

Karyomorphological Features Of Turkish Centaurea (Subgenus Cyanus, Asteraceae) Species And Its Taxonomic Importance, Emrah Şi̇ri̇n, Meryem Bozkurt, Tuna Uysal, Kuddi̇si̇ Ertuğrul

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, the karyomorphology of 20 Turkish Centaurea (subgenus Cyanus) taxa was examined. The number of chromosomes of 11 taxa belonging to the subgenus Cyanus was determined for the first time. As a result of the karyomorphological studies, the number of basic chromosomes was determined to be x = 8, 10, and 12 in annuals and x = 10 and 11 in perennials. The populations are tetraploid in the seven perennial taxa and polyploidy is not rare for this group. On the other hand, all annual taxa are diploid. Considering the asymmetry indices, we can conclude that most taxa …

Assessment Of Benthic Diatoms Taxonomic Diversity At Coastal Biotopes With Different Anthropogenic Impact (Crimea, The Black Sea), Elena Nevrova, Alexei Petrov

Turkish Journal of Botany

An analysis of the taxonomic diversity of benthic diatoms was carried out for near-shore biotopes of Crimea with different content of trace metals and organic pollutants (PCBs, PAHs, DDTs). Taxonomic distinctness indices such as average taxonomic distinctness, AvTD (Δ+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness, VarTD (Λ+) were used for evaluation of the hierarchical structure of diatom taxocenes of two intact sites (Dvuyakornaya Bay and Cape Fiolent) and two heavily polluted water areas (Sevastopol Bay and Balaklava Bay). The highest similarity of species was revealed between healthy biotopes, in spite of their differences in hydrological and hydrochemical conditions. AvTD values for …

Ratio-Based Vegetation Indices For Biomass Estimation Depending On Grassland Characteristics, Ahmet Karakoç, Murat Karabulut

Turkish Journal of Botany

Aboveground biomass (AGB) is one of the key indicators of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques to predict AGB in grasslands. In order to reach this goal, biomass properties with different ecological features and altitudes of 550 m, 1200 m, and 1400 m above sea level were investigated. Twenty-one biomass samples and hyperspectral measurements were collected from each region and a total of 63 samples were analyzed. Linear and nonlinear regression models were generated to analyze the relationships between biomass and hyperspectral vegetation indices (VIs). The …

Study Of Seed Coat Microsculpture Organization During Seed Development In Zygophyllum Fabago (Zygophyllaceae), Elham Mohajel Kazemi, Mina Kazemian, Fatemeh Majid Zadeh, Mahbubeh Aliasgharpour, Ali Movafeghi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The ontogeny of seed coat and endosperm tissue in Zygophyllum fabago L. was studied to determine their developmental importance using different histochemical and microscopic techniques. Our results revealed that the ovuleof Z. fabago was of the anatropous and bitegmic type. The inner epidermis cells were retained up to the end of seed development, whereas the other layers were removed in the early stages. Moreover, the outer integument was changed into the seed coat sculptures during the seed development. Concurrently, multiple cytoplasmic strings were formed at the seed coat cells. Fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated that callose and polyphenols were laid down …

Nutlet Structures Of Subsection Fragiles Of The Genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) From Turkey And Their Systematic Applications, Mehmet Cengi̇z Karai̇smai̇loğlu, Özal Güner

Turkish Journal of Botany

This paper includes the morphological and anatomical characters of the nutlets of 7 endemic species of the subsection Fragiles of the genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) from Turkey and the systematic significance of these characteristics, using one-way analysis of variance and cluster and principal component analyses. Morphological characters such as the dimensions, shapes, colors, and surfaces of the nutlets were studied using light and scanning electron microscopes. The structures and thicknesses of the pericarp and endosperm layers, as well as the sizes of the cotyledon in the nutlets, were anatomically studied. The outcomes revealed that the taxa varyfrom each other in terms …

Characterization And Tissue-Specific As Well As Heat-Stress Expression Analysis Of Cbl-Interacting Protein Kinase Genes In Dimocarpus Longan Lour, Wei Zheng, Xueming Dong, Xuefei Yu, Qiuying Zhang

Turkish Journal of Botany

The CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) gene family plays important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses. To date, the CIPKs have been extensively identified and characterized in various plants. However, there have been few studies on CIPKs in Dimocarpus longan Lour (D. longan). In this study we identified eight putative CIPKs in D. longan (DlCIPKs) according to RNA-seq data. The physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, glycosylation and phosphorylation sites, and gene ontology annotation were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The tissue-specific and heat-stress-responsive expressions were systematically investigated as well. Ten motifs widely maintained by DlCIPKs …

Folk Medicine In Düzce Province (Turkey), İlhan Gürbüz, Ayşe Mi̇ne Gençler Özkan, Gali̇p Akaydin, Ece Sali̇hoğlu, Tuğba Günbatan, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study was conducted to collect, record, and document local knowledge of medicinal practices in Düzce, a northwestern Anatolian province. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive ethnobotanical study has been reported from this province. Information was acquired through semistructured interviews and personal conversations using a questionnaire and numerous guided field trips with local knowledgeable people. For quantitative analyses and comparisons, recorded data such as informant consensus factor (FIC) and use value (UV) were calculated, respectively. As a result of extensive field studies, 122 taxa were determined as folk medicines; 76 of were wild and 46 were cultivated. …

Biology Of Flowering And Insect Visitors Of Iris Aphylla L. (Iridaceae), Agnieszka Dabrowska, Magdalena Smigala, Bozena Denisow, Krystyna Winiarczyk

Turkish Journal of Botany

The paper presents the morphology of the flower of Iris aphylla L., which is a protected species in many European countries. The study comprises phenological observations of flowering and assessment of nectar and pollen production, and flowering and fruiting abundance. Additionally, the number of insect visitors on the flowers was monitored. The investigations of specimens originating from 4 populations in central-eastern Poland (Wyzyna Lubelska Upland) were conducted in the Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University. It was found that morphological features of the analysed flowers, i.e. the 6-angular ovary and the perianth tube, which is 2-fold longer than the ovary, …

Relative Competitive Abilities, Intersexual Overyielding, And Population Sex Ratio Changes In A Bryophyte, Zachary Stanley

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Unequal sex ratios are widespread in dioecious plants and understanding their cause is important to understanding fundamental aspects of their population dynamics, and yet what causes biased sex ratios in plants is still poorly understood. Competition experiments have been used in plants to predict the outcome of species interactions, but they have rarely been used to help explain sex ratio bias. This study used a response surface competition design to measure the relative competitive abilities of the sexes of the bryophyte Marchantia inflexa (a thallus liverwort of Marchantiaceae) to predict the outcome of competition before the onset of sexual reproductive …

Manfreda Maculosa Leaf Extracts And Their Effects On Whole And Selected Myotoxic Components In Crotalid Venom, Charles Steven Gilbert

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Manfreda spp have been used for the treatment of snakebite by several cultures in North and Central America (Austin & Honychurch, 2004, Johnson, 1999, Moerman, 2008, Verhoek, 1978a). There has been no systematic study of the genus Manfreda for its usefulness in the treatment of snakebite.

While the annual incidence of snakebite in the United States is relatively low (approximately 8,000 - 10,000), with a low mortality rate of 5 - 6 cases per year, there is still significant morbidity associated with snakebite (CDC - NIOSH, 2018, Springhouse Corp (eds), 2005). Worldwide numbers of the cases of snakebite can only …

Chicken Feather Protein Hydrolysate As A Biostimulant Improves The Growth Of Wheat Seedlings By Affecting Biochemical And Physiological Parameters, Ebru Genç, Ökkeş Atici

Turkish Journal of Botany

We derived a protein hydrolysate with rich content, which includes proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic amino acids, from chicken feathers by using an alkaline hydrolysis procedure with high yield success. After foliar application of aqueous solutions (0.05%, 0.075%, and 0.1%) of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) to the seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. `Altındane? and `Bezostaya?), their effects were evaluated on important physiological and biochemical parameters. Treating plants with CFPH stimulated the expression of RuBisCo and increased root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights of the seedlings, and photosynthetic pigment content. In addition, applying CFPH at 0.075% and 0.1% concentrations …

Cloning And Expression Analysis Of A New Chalcone Isomerase Gene Duringflowering In Safflower, Chaoxiang Ren, Xiaohui Tang, Cuiping Chen, Jiang Chen, Jin Pei, Yiyun Wu, Qinghua Wu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine because of their ability to improve cerebral blood flow. The major active ingredients in safflower are flavonoids. To date, few flavonoid biosynthesis genes have been cloned from this species. In our previous research, four isoform chalcone isomerase genes were screened. In this study, a new chalcone isomerase gene (designated as CtCHI-N) was cloned from a safflower cDNA library. A 696-bp cDNA for CtCHI-N was cloned, and its sequence was subsequently analyzed. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed in a prokaryotic expression system, and the expression of …

Use Of Hydrogen Peroxide In Acclimation Of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) To Salt Stress, Hewsley Silva, André Azevedo Neto, Renata Menezes, Petterson Silva, Hans Gheyi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of application of H2O2 on salt tolerance and oil production in basil cv. `Gennaro de Menta? grown in a hydroponic system. Seedlings were subjected to 3 levels of H2O2 (0, 1, and 1000 ?M) in a nutrient solution during 2 different exposure periods (24 and 48 h) and 2 levels of NaCl (0 and 80 mM). The plants were harvested at preflowering (at 15 days) and postflowering (at 25 days). At 25 days, the application of 1 ?M H2O2/48 h and its reapplication at preflowering increased leaf dry mass production …

Contributions To The Genus Riccia L. (Ricciaceae) In Turkey, Hati̇ce Özenoğlu, Mesut Kirmaci, Ferhat Ki̇remi̇t

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study provides an identification key to the species of Riccia in Turkey and also gives information about detailed morphological and anatomic characters, reproductive forms, detailed photos of Riccia species and their spores, ecological preferences, and distribution patterns in the Mediterranean, Europe, and Southwest Asia. The number of Riccia taxa in Turkey has reached 27 including R. atromarginata, reported for the first time from Turkey in this study. Additionally, the presence of R. gougetiana var. armatissima and R. trabutiana in Turkey is confirmed here. This study reports other distribution areas of the species R. bicarinata, R. ciliata, R. ciliifera, R. …

Seed Germination Requirements Of Relictic And Broadly-Distributed Populations Of Chaerophyllum Aureum (Apiaceae): Connecting Ecophysiology And Genetic Identity, Alejandro Santiago, Oussama Ahrazem, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez, Miguel Ángel Copete, Raquel Herranz, Pablo Ferrandis

Turkish Journal of Botany

The main goal of this work was to relate the germinative ecology and genetic variability of Chaerolhyllum aureum L., an Apiaceae plant with dormant, underdeveloped embryos at the time of seed dispersal. We compared the seed germination physiology traits between a relictic geographically isolated Mediterranean population (Iberian System; central Spain) and a population located in the main, colder Atlantic Alpine core (Pyrenees; northern Spain). We analyzed both populations? genetic identity in parallel on the basis of ISSR?PCR analyses. Stratification, gibberellin treatment, and seed storage tests showed that C. aureum seeds have deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. The Iberian System population seeds …

Comparative Plastomes Analysis Reveals The First Infrageneric Evolutionary Hotspots Of Orthotrichum S.L. (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta), Patryk Mizia, Kamil Myszczynski, Monika Slipiko, Katarzyna Krawczyk, Vitezslav Plásek, Monika Szczecinska, Jakub Sawicki

Turkish Journal of Botany

Plastomes serve as the main resources in the study of plant phylogeny, phylogeography, and barcode development. To date, only 5 complete plastomes of acrocarpous mosses are known. This study analyzes the complete plastome sequence of 5 mosses from Orthotrichaceae: Nyholmiella obtusifolia (Brid.) Holmen & E. Warncke; Orthotrichum rogeri Brid.; Stoneobryum bunyaense D.H. Norris & H. Rob.; Lewinskya incana F. Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet;and Ulota bruchii Hornsch. The plastomes of all studied species are similar in length (ca. 123 kbp) and have a quadripartite structure with 118 unique genes. A total of 278 simple sequence repeats were found, and the mononucleotide …

New Desmid Records From High Mountain Lakes In Artabel Lakes Nature Park, Gümüşhane, Turkey, Bülent Şahi̇n, Bülent Akar

Turkish Journal of Botany

The algal flora of 17 lakes and 1 pond in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park were investigated during two summer seasons (2013 and 2016). In total, 26 desmid taxa were found and identified as new records for the desmid flora of Turkey based on their morphotaxonomic characteristics and ecological preferences. The taxa identified belong to the genera Actinotaenium (1), Closterium (1), Cosmarium (15), Micrasterias (1), Spondylosium (1), Staurastrum (5), Teilingia (1), and Tetmemorus (1). Morphotaxonomy, ecology, and distribution of each species were discussed in detail.

Bioassessing Ecological Status Of Surface Waters In The Araban-Yavuzeli Catchment (Turkey): Application Of Diatom Indices, Abuzer Çelekli̇, Fatma Bi̇lgi̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Within the scope of the European Union Water Framework Directive, diatom assemblages as biological quality components were used to evaluate the ecological status of 12 surface waters in the Araban-Yavuzeli catchment between October 2013 and October 2014. A total of 75 diatom species were identified during the study period. Amphora ovalis, Denticula elegans, Gomphonema parvulum,Gomphonema truncatum, and Navicula cryptocephala were commonly observed. The relationship between diatom assemblages and environmental factors was assessed by canonical correspondence analysis and weighted average regression. Dissolved oxygen, tem-perature, nitrate, biological oxygen demand, lead, and copper played significant roles in the distribution and composition of diatom …

Morphological And Leaf Anatomical Variability Of Crocus Cf. Heuffelianus Herb. (Iridaceae) Populations From The Different Habitats Of The Balkan Peninsula, Irena Raca, Milica Jovanovic, Irena Ljubisavljevic, Marina Juskovic, Vladimir Randelovic

Turkish Journal of Botany

Crocus cf. heuffelianus Herb. belongs to the series Verni Mathew and presents one of the most complex and critical taxa within the whole genus Crocus L. Depending on different authors, C. cf. heuffelianus is sometimes split into different taxa (e.g., C. scepusiensis (Rehmer & Wol.) Borbás ex Kulcz., C. vittatus Schloss. & Vuk., nom. illeg.). In order to disentangle the complicated taxonomical status of this species and to determine the degree of its morphoanatomical variability in the different environmental conditions, a comparative investigation of plant morphology and leaf anatomy of seven populations from the Balkan Peninsula was carried out. Morphometric …

Development Of Chlorophyll-Meter-Index-Based Dynamic Models For Evaluation Of High-Yield Japonica Rice Production In Yangtze River Reaches, Ke Zhang, Xiaojun Liu, Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim, Songyang Li, Brian Krienke, Songyang Li, Qiang Cao, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao, Yongchao Tian

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Accurate estimation of the nitrogen (N) spatial distribution of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is imperative when it is sought to maintain regional and global carbon balances. We systematically evaluated the normalized differences of the soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) index (the normalized difference SPAD indexes, NDSIs) between the upper (the first and second leaves from the top), and lower (the third and fourth leaves from the top) leaves of Japonica rice. Four multi-location, multi-N rate (0–390 kg ha^-1) field experiments were conducted using seven Japonica rice cultivars (9915, 27123, Wuxiangjing14, Wunyunjing19, Wunyunjing24, Liangyou9, and Yongyou8). Growth …