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2019

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Articles 181 - 210 of 309

Full-Text Articles in Botany

Unraveling The Influence Of Female Flowering Characteristics And Chemical Hybridizing Agent Formulations On Hybrid Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Seed Production, Hannah K. Stoll Jan 2019

Unraveling The Influence Of Female Flowering Characteristics And Chemical Hybridizing Agent Formulations On Hybrid Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Seed Production, Hannah K. Stoll

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The success of hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely limited by inefficiencies in seed production. This research aims to address these inefficiencies by examining various Chemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA) formulations using the chemical Croisor®100 on sterility, CHA damage, and female flowering characteristics. In addition, an efficient method of phenotyping female flowering characteristics (contributing factors in hybrid production seed yield) were identified using Stepwise Regression, ANCOVA, and Pearson R-Correlations, and duration of stigma receptivity in the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS; Triticum timopheevii Zhuk.) background was determined. At an optimally timed spray application, including a moderate rate of CHA with …

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Greenhouse Aquaponics: Custom Aquaponic Systems At Home, Jesse L. Blanchard, David G. Hyatt, Jennie Popp, Leah English Jan 2019

Greenhouse Aquaponics: Custom Aquaponic Systems At Home, Jesse L. Blanchard, David G. Hyatt, Jennie Popp, Leah English

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Taking advantage of inherent natural systems, aquaponic practices hold the potential to serve as an educational, sustainable, and profitable hobby for home gardeners facing common constraints such as temperature, space, and pests. The goal of this research was to assess the feasibility of implementing a small scale (4,542-liter) home -based aquaponic system in a small (48.768 square meter) greenhouse to produce fresh produce and fish protein. System construction and maintenance costs were compared to the value of crops and fish produced to determine whether this aquaponic system is a feasible option for the home grower. It was hypothesized that this …

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Impact Of Selected Infrared Wavelengths On Inactivation Of Microbes On Rough Rice, Rebecca L. Bowie, Griffiths Atungulu, Abass Oduola, Shantae Wilson, Zeinab Mohammadi-Shad Jan 2019

Impact Of Selected Infrared Wavelengths On Inactivation Of Microbes On Rough Rice, Rebecca L. Bowie, Griffiths Atungulu, Abass Oduola, Shantae Wilson, Zeinab Mohammadi-Shad

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Formation of harmful microbes and their associated mycotoxins on rough rice during storage presents negative socioeconomic impacts to producers and consumers. The objective for this study was to investigate the impact of treating rough rice with selected infrared (IR) wavelengths at different IR intensities and heating durations, followed by a tempering step for further inactivation of microbes (mold and bacteria) on the grain. Freshly-harvested long-grain, hybrid, rough rice (XL 745) with initial moisture content (IMC) of 18.4% wet basis (w.b.) was used. Two-hundred grams (200 g) samples of rice were treated at different IR wavelengths (λ), 3.2, 4.5, and 5.8 …

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Determination Of Optimum Harvest Date For Winter Malting Quality Barley In Northwest Arkansas, Paul Wolf, David Moon, Richard Esten Mason Jan 2019

Determination Of Optimum Harvest Date For Winter Malting Quality Barley In Northwest Arkansas, Paul Wolf, David Moon, Richard Esten Mason

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Due to the strict quality requirements, only 10% of worldwide barley is used for malting, though malting quality barley comes with a price increase of up to 50% or greater. With the craft brewery industry growing in Northwest Arkansas there is a growing demand for locally sourced malt quality barley. However, data are lacking regarding production practices for barley in Arkansas. The optimal harvest date for malting quality barley is at physiological maturity. This is because many of the malting traits (such as germination energy) decline as harvest is delayed, which make it difficult to meet the criteria for malting …

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Improvement Of Biomass Production In Transgenic Melia Azedarach L. Plants By Theexpression Of A Ga20-Oxidase Gene, Thao Phuong Bui, Linh Khanh Ly, Phat Tien Do, Nhung Hong Nguyen, Phong Van Nguyen, Quang Ho Tran, Ngoc Bich Pham, Ha Hoang Chu Jan 2019

Improvement Of Biomass Production In Transgenic Melia Azedarach L. Plants By Theexpression Of A Ga20-Oxidase Gene, Thao Phuong Bui, Linh Khanh Ly, Phat Tien Do, Nhung Hong Nguyen, Phong Van Nguyen, Quang Ho Tran, Ngoc Bich Pham, Ha Hoang Chu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Melia azedarach L. is a multipurpose timber tree that is important in forestry plantations. Genetic modification to improve the growth rate and wood quality is important to produce new cultivars of M. azedarach. In this study, the effects of AtGA20ox gene expression on plant growth, wood formation, and biomass production in transgenic M. azedarach plants were investigated. AtGA20ox was inserted into the binary vector pBI101 under the control of the xylem specific promoter CAD4 and transferred to M. azedarach via Agrobacterium-mediated method. The integration and expression of the transgenes were confirmed using PCR, RT-PCR, and Southern blotting. The specificity of …

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A New Subspecies Of Saxifraga Artvinensis V.A.Matthews (Saxifragaceae) From Northeastern Anatolia, Sali̇h Terzi̇oğlu, Kami̇l Çoşkunçelebi̇, Murat Erdem Güzel Jan 2019

A New Subspecies Of Saxifraga Artvinensis V.A.Matthews (Saxifragaceae) From Northeastern Anatolia, Sali̇h Terzi̇oğlu, Kami̇l Çoşkunçelebi̇, Murat Erdem Güzel

Turkish Journal of Botany

Saxifraga artvinensis V.A.Matthews, which is endemic to Turkey, was discovered on Tiryal Mountain (A8 Artvin, northeastern Turkey). Approximately 175 km from its type locality, a new population of the species was discovered, in the Picea orientalis forest in the Altındere Valley National Park, in A7 Trabzon (northeastern Turkey). A comparison with the known population of S. artvinensis confirmed that this new population represented a new taxon and is described as S. artvinensis subsp. meryemii Terzioğlu & Coşkunç. An identification key and comparison with closely related taxa, based on both morphological and molecular properties, are also provided. The studied samples, belonging …

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Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude In The Aegean Region Of Turkey, İsmai̇l Şen, Hakan Alli Jan 2019

Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude In The Aegean Region Of Turkey, İsmai̇l Şen, Hakan Alli

Turkish Journal of Botany

The Tricholoma biodiversity of the Aegean region of Turkey has been determined and reported in this study. As a consequence of field and laboratory studies, 31 Tricholoma species have been identified, and five of them (T. filamentosum, T. frondosae, T. quercetorum, T. rufenum, and T. sudum) have been reported for the first time from Turkey. The identification key of the determined taxa is given with this study.

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The Application Of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) For A Green Economy: A Review, Tahseen Karche, Manager Rajdeo Singh Jan 2019

The Application Of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) For A Green Economy: A Review, Tahseen Karche, Manager Rajdeo Singh

Turkish Journal of Botany

The concern for the issues related to the growing needs of human civilization like resource depletion, pollution, climate changes, and health risk has led to a search for eco-friendly alternatives to environmental problems. Recently, hemp started gaining popularity for its medicinal, nontoxic, greenhouse negative, and biodegradable properties. Originating from the steppes of Central Asia, Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is one of the oldest domesticated plants known to humans. Since 5000-4000 BC, different parts of the plant were used for spinning, weaving, papermaking, the seed for human feed, animal feeds, medicinal, and health purposes. Reports also suggest the use of hemp …

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Beyond Bird Feed: Proso Millet For Human Health And Environment, Saurav Das, Rituraj Khound, Meenakshi Santra, Dipak K. Santra Jan 2019

Beyond Bird Feed: Proso Millet For Human Health And Environment, Saurav Das, Rituraj Khound, Meenakshi Santra, Dipak K. Santra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Domesticated in 8000–10,000 BP in northern China, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the best adaptive rotational crop for semiarid central High Plains of the USA, where average annual precipitation is 356–407 mm. Proso millet has multiple benefits when consumed as human food. Proso millet is rich in minerals, dietary fiber, polyphenols, vitamins and proteins. It is gluten-free and therefore, ideal for the gluten intolerant people. Proso millet contains high lecithin which supports the neural health system. It is rich in vitamins (niacin, B-complex vitamins, folic acid), minerals (P, Ca, Zn, Fe) and essential amino acids (methionine and cysteine). …

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Winter Wheat Grain Yield Response To Fungicide Application Is Influenced By Cultivar And Rainfall, Emmanuel Byamukama, Shaukat Ali, Jonathan Kleinjan, Dalitso N. Yabwalo, Christopher Graham, Melanie Caffe-Treml, Nathan D. Mueller, John Rickertsen, William A. Berzonsky Jan 2019

Winter Wheat Grain Yield Response To Fungicide Application Is Influenced By Cultivar And Rainfall, Emmanuel Byamukama, Shaukat Ali, Jonathan Kleinjan, Dalitso N. Yabwalo, Christopher Graham, Melanie Caffe-Treml, Nathan D. Mueller, John Rickertsen, William A. Berzonsky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Winter wheat is susceptible to several fungal pathogens throughout the growing season and foliar fungicide application is one of the strategies used in the management of fungal diseases in winter wheat. However, for fungicides to be profitable, weather conditions conducive to fungal disease development should be present. To determine if winter wheat yield response to fungicide application at the flowering growth stage (Feekes 10.5.1) was related to the growing season precipitation, grain yield from fungicide treated plots was compared to non-treated plots for 19 to 30 hard red winter wheat cultivars planted at 8 site years from 2011 through 2015. …

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A Two-Amino Acid Difference In The Coat Protein Of Satellite Panicum Mosaic Virus Isolates Is Responsible For Differential Synergistic Interactions With Panicum Mosaic Virus, R. V. Chowda-Reddy, Nathan A. Palmer, Serge Edme, Gautam Sarath, Frank A. Kovacs, Gary Y. Yuen, Robert Mitchell, Satyanarayana Tatineni Jan 2019

A Two-Amino Acid Difference In The Coat Protein Of Satellite Panicum Mosaic Virus Isolates Is Responsible For Differential Synergistic Interactions With Panicum Mosaic Virus, R. V. Chowda-Reddy, Nathan A. Palmer, Serge Edme, Gautam Sarath, Frank A. Kovacs, Gary Y. Yuen, Robert Mitchell, Satyanarayana Tatineni

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) (genus Panicovirus, family Tombusviridae) and its molecular parasite, Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV), synergistically interact in coinfected proso and pearl millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) plants resulting in a severe symptom phenotype. In this study, we examined synergistic interactions between the isolates of PMV and SPMV by using PMV-NE, PMV85, SPMV-KS, and SPMV-Type as interacting partner viruses in different combinations. Coinfection of proso millet plants by PMV-NE and SPMV-KS elicited severe mosaic, chlorosis, stunting, and eventual plant death compared with moderate mosaic, chlorotic streaks, and stunting by PMV85 and SPMV-Type. In reciprocal combinations, coinfection …

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Soil Fauna Accelerate Dung Pat Decomposition And Nutrient Cycling Into Grassland Soil, Kenneth S. Evans, Martha Mamo, Ana Wingeyer, Walter Schacht, Kent Eskridge, Jeff Bradshaw, Daniel Ginting Jan 2019

Soil Fauna Accelerate Dung Pat Decomposition And Nutrient Cycling Into Grassland Soil, Kenneth S. Evans, Martha Mamo, Ana Wingeyer, Walter Schacht, Kent Eskridge, Jeff Bradshaw, Daniel Ginting

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soil fauna play critical roles in various ecosystem functions and services, but empirical data measuring their impact on dung pat decomposition and subsequent nutrient cycling into rangeland soils are limited. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of soil fauna, using dung beetle as an indicator, on dung decomposition and subsequent translocation of dung nutrients into grassland soil over time. A field experiment was conducted early in the summer season and late in the summer season of 2014 and 2015. In each season, dung beetle abundance, changes in dung properties, and subsequent translocation of dung nutrients into …

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A Spatial Framework For Ex-Ante Impact Assessment Of Agricultural Technologies, José F. Andrade, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, Andrew Farrow, Marloes P. Van Loon, Peter Q. Craufurd, Jairos Rurinda, Shamie Zingore, Jordan Chamberlin, Lieven Claessens, Julius Adewopo, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Kenneth G. Cassman, Patricio Grassini Jan 2019

A Spatial Framework For Ex-Ante Impact Assessment Of Agricultural Technologies, José F. Andrade, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, Andrew Farrow, Marloes P. Van Loon, Peter Q. Craufurd, Jairos Rurinda, Shamie Zingore, Jordan Chamberlin, Lieven Claessens, Julius Adewopo, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Kenneth G. Cassman, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Traditional agricultural research and extension relies on replicated field experiments, on-farm trials, and demonstration plots to evaluate and adapt agronomic technologies that aim to increase productivity, reduce risk, and protect the environment for a given biophysical and socio-economic context. To date, these efforts lack a generic and robust spatial framework for ex-ante assessment that: (i) provides strategic insight to guide decisions about the number and location of testing sites, (ii) define the target domain for scaling-out a given technology or technology package, and (iii) estimate potential impact from widespread adoption of the technology(ies) being evaluated. In this study, we developed …

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Fire And Road Disturbance Impacts On Forest Plant Species And Seed Rain In Table Mountain Fire Arai, Kittitas County, Washington, Jonathan A. Betz Jan 2019

Fire And Road Disturbance Impacts On Forest Plant Species And Seed Rain In Table Mountain Fire Arai, Kittitas County, Washington, Jonathan A. Betz

All Master's Theses

Forest communities are in a constant state of change. Disturbance events can alter the physical landscape and create conditions favorable to some species while negatively impacting others. Fire has been a natural, reoccurring source of disturbance in Pacific Northwest forests. Over the past centuries the fire paradigm has changed in favor of fire suppression. Forest roads permit access provide greater access but further fracture forest community’s continuity. The 2012 Table Mountain Fire and road influence have altered the plant community’s seed rain and vegetation. This study measured dispersed seeds and understory vegetation cover as functions of roads and fire intensity. …

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Retracted Article: Exogenous Trehalose Alleviates The Adverse Effects Of Salinity Stress In Wheat, Mamdouh Nemat Alla, Enas Badran, Fozia Mohammed Jan 2019

Retracted Article: Exogenous Trehalose Alleviates The Adverse Effects Of Salinity Stress In Wheat, Mamdouh Nemat Alla, Enas Badran, Fozia Mohammed

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.

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New Additions To Turkish Pezizales From The Eastern Black Sea Region, Yasi̇n Uzun, Abdullah Kaya Jan 2019

New Additions To Turkish Pezizales From The Eastern Black Sea Region, Yasi̇n Uzun, Abdullah Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

Ten members of the order Pezizales J.Schröt., namely Pachyella clypeata (Schwein.) Le Gal, Terfezia cistophila Ant. Rodr., Bordallo, Kaounas & A.Morte (Pezizaceae), Genea hispidula Berk. ex Tul. & C.Tul., Lamprospora campylopodis W.D.Buckley, Lamprospora tuberculatella Seaver, Octospora grimmiae Dennis & Itzerott, Octospora lilacina (Seaver) Svr?ek & Kubi?ka, Pulvinula convexella (P.Karst.) Pfister, Ramsbottomia crechqueraultii (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Benkert & T.Schumach., and Trichophaea gregaria (Rehm) Boud. (Pyronemataceae), are recorded for the first time from Turkey. Brief descriptions and photographs of the taxa are provided.

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Wrinkled Surface On Helical Cell Wall Thickening Of Vessel Elements In Flower Style, Ming Xing, Jian You, Xia Chen Jan 2019

Wrinkled Surface On Helical Cell Wall Thickening Of Vessel Elements In Flower Style, Ming Xing, Jian You, Xia Chen

Turkish Journal of Botany

In the present study, wrinkled surfaces were discovered on the cell wall thickenings of helical vessels in the lilac style for the first time. The structure of the wrinkles was formed by cellulose microfibrils, with convex ridges composed of crystalline cellulose and concave grooves composed of amorphous cellulose. The cellulose microfibrils were oriented with the helical cell wall thickenings. The wrinkle morphology was due to the aligned crystalline region of the microfibrils. The wrinkle structure in the flower style might be related to the faster growth rate of style tissues during helix cell wall thickening development. Discovery of the wrinkled …

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Hybridization Among Three Cirsium (Asteraceae) Species And Important Evidence For Three New Hybrids From Turkey, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇, Taner Özcan, Turan Arabaci, Sevcan Çelenk, Gülnar İsmayi̇lova, Bayram Yildiz Jan 2019

Hybridization Among Three Cirsium (Asteraceae) Species And Important Evidence For Three New Hybrids From Turkey, Tuncay Di̇rmenci̇, Taner Özcan, Turan Arabaci, Sevcan Çelenk, Gülnar İsmayi̇lova, Bayram Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this study, three new hybrids from the genus Cirsium are described for the first time. Cirsium ×nezaketiae Yıldız, Dirmenci & Arabacı, C. ×kelkitensis Yıldız, Arabacı & Dirmenci, and C. ×erzincanicum Yıldız, Dirmenci & Arabacı are investigated in detail morphologically, palynologically, and molecularly. The hybrid individuals were detected on field trips due to their intermediate morphological characters. Their morphological properties were analyzed to compare with their parents. The pollen grain morphologies of the hybrids and their allies were investigated using light and a scanning electron microscope. The pollen grains were radially symmetrical, isopolar, trizonocolporate, and with echinate or scabrate sculpturing. …

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Fruit And Seed Macro- And Micromorphologies Of The Genus Matthiola (Brassicaceae) In Turkey And Their Taxonomic Value, Ayla Kaya, Murat Ünal, Abdurrahman Sefali, Esra Marti̇n Jan 2019

Fruit And Seed Macro- And Micromorphologies Of The Genus Matthiola (Brassicaceae) In Turkey And Their Taxonomic Value, Ayla Kaya, Murat Ünal, Abdurrahman Sefali, Esra Marti̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Macro- and micromorphological features of fruit and seeds belonging to 12 taxa genera of Matthiola W.T.Aiton were studied via stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. In macromorphological studies, the following variables were investigated: the shape, size, and color of fruit and seeds; the length of fruiting pedicel; the structure of the median vein; stigma (horns); and trichome properties and density in fruit. In micromorphological studies, the presence or absence of seed wings, seed coat pattern in disc and wing, and epidermal cell shape in disc and wing were determined. According to our findings, all characters of fruit and seeds are extremely …

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Application Of Short Tandem Target Mimic (Sttm) Technique For Functional Analysis Of Micro-Rna396 In Transgenic Poplar Trees, Surattana Boonsai Jan 2019

Application Of Short Tandem Target Mimic (Sttm) Technique For Functional Analysis Of Micro-Rna396 In Transgenic Poplar Trees, Surattana Boonsai

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM) is a commonly technique used for functional studies of a number of genes in several plant model systems. However, very little is known about application of STTM technique in tree species. In this study, STTM was applied to knock down microRNA396 (miR396) in transgenic poplar trees for the first time. STTM396 expression resulted in dramatic decrease in miR396 expression levels leading to taller plants with larger leaves and larger leaf cell size. Additionally, an expression analysis of growth regulating factor genes (GRFs) that are members of miR396 target gene family showed up-regulation of GRF07 gene …

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The Genome Of Broomcorn Millet, Changsong Zou, Leiting Li, Daisuke Miki, Delin Li, Qiming Tang, Lihong Xiao, Santosh Rajput, Ping Deng, Li Peng, Wei Jia, Ru Huang, Meiling Zhang, Yidan Sun, Jiamin Hu, Xing Fu, Patrick S. Schnable, Yuxiao Chang, Feng Li, Hui Zhang, Baili Feng, Xinguang Zhu, Renyi Liu, James C. Schnable, Jian-Kang Zhu, Heng Zhang Jan 2019

The Genome Of Broomcorn Millet, Changsong Zou, Leiting Li, Daisuke Miki, Delin Li, Qiming Tang, Lihong Xiao, Santosh Rajput, Ping Deng, Li Peng, Wei Jia, Ru Huang, Meiling Zhang, Yidan Sun, Jiamin Hu, Xing Fu, Patrick S. Schnable, Yuxiao Chang, Feng Li, Hui Zhang, Baili Feng, Xinguang Zhu, Renyi Liu, James C. Schnable, Jian-Kang Zhu, Heng Zhang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the most water-efficient cereal and one of the earliest domesticated plants. Here we report its high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assembly using a combination of short-read sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, Hi-C, and a high-density genetic map. Phylogenetic analyses reveal two sets of homologous chromosomes that may have merged ~5.6 million years ago, both of which exhibit strong synteny with other grass species. Broomcorn millet contains 55,930 proteincoding genes and 339 microRNA genes. We find Paniceae-specific expansion in several subfamilies of the BTB (broad complex/tramtrack/bric-a-brac) subunit of ubiquitin E3 ligases, suggesting enhanced regulation of protein dynamics …

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Applicability Of The Dual Isotopes Δ15n And Δ18o To Identify Nitrate In Groundwater Beneath Irrigated Cropland, R. F. Spalding, A. J. Hirsh, M. E. Exner, N. A. Little, K. L. Kloppenborg Jan 2019

Applicability Of The Dual Isotopes Δ15n And Δ18o To Identify Nitrate In Groundwater Beneath Irrigated Cropland, R. F. Spalding, A. J. Hirsh, M. E. Exner, N. A. Little, K. L. Kloppenborg

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Identification of the nitrate sources that adversely impact groundwater quality is a necessary first step in the control of this major worldwide pollutant. The impact of nitrate leachate from urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) (50% urea-N, 25% ammonium-N, 25% nitrate-N) fertilizer, whose use has increased dramatically in the last three decades largely because it can be applied through sprinkler irrigation systems to corn in all growth stages, is investigated. The dual isotopes δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 were measured in groundwater samples from 39 irrigation wells in two intensively sprinkler-irrigated, corn-growing areas of Nebraska with nitrate-contaminated (N …

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Restoring Fire-Grazer Interactions To Pursue Heterogeneity In Sandhills Prairie, Jack R. Arterburn, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, Carissa L. Wonkka, Walter H. Schacht, David A. Wedin Jan 2019

Restoring Fire-Grazer Interactions To Pursue Heterogeneity In Sandhills Prairie, Jack R. Arterburn, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, Carissa L. Wonkka, Walter H. Schacht, David A. Wedin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Heterogeneity has emerged as a fundamental principle for grassland management and the importance of environmental heterogeneity for biological diversity has raised questions about the appropriateness of grassland practices that seek to promote uniform grassland structure and composition. Principles of uniformity in grassland management reflect a utilitarian target of “managing for the middle” by minimizing both overgrazing and underutilization while avoiding or preventing fire and other disturbances that consume aboveground biomass. We evaluated pioneering efforts to restore fire-grazer interactions via patch burning in an effort to increase spatial heterogeneity at the patch scale in the Nebraska Sandhills, a sandy soil, mixed-grass …

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Spatial Imaging And Screening For Regime Shifts, Daniel R. Uden, Dirac Twidwell, Craig R. Allen, Matthew O. Jones, David E. Naugle, Jeremy D. Maestas, Brady W. Allred Jan 2019

Spatial Imaging And Screening For Regime Shifts, Daniel R. Uden, Dirac Twidwell, Craig R. Allen, Matthew O. Jones, David E. Naugle, Jeremy D. Maestas, Brady W. Allred

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Screening is a strategy for detecting undesirable change prior to manifestation of symptoms or adverse effects. Although the well-recognized utility of screening makes it commonplace in medicine, it has yet to be implemented in ecosystem management. Ecosystem management is in an era of diagnosis and treatment of undesirable change, and as a result, remains more reactive than proactive and unable to effectively deal with today’s plethora of non-stationary conditions. In this paper, we introduce spatial imaging-based screening to ecology. We link advancements in spatial resilience theory, data, and technological and computational capabilities and power to detect regime shifts (i.e., vegetation …

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Influence Of Shaded Conditions On Development Of Asteraceae Species Native To Kansas, Aline Rodrigues De Queiroz Jan 2019

Influence Of Shaded Conditions On Development Of Asteraceae Species Native To Kansas, Aline Rodrigues De Queiroz

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

to the heterogeneity of habitats, all plants are exposed to at least some degree of shade during their lifetime. Reduced light intensity, drops in R:FR ratio, and limited blue light are cues for plants to perceive competition; the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is common for grassland species while shade tolerance (ST) is common for forest species when competition is perceived. SAS is characterized by elongation of stems and petioles, reduced branches, decreased leaf area, decreased shoot biomass, and increased number of ramets. ST is characterized by little elongation of stems and petioles, high chlorophyll content and high chlorophyll a/b ratio …

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Greening Rates And Photosynthetic Development Of Leaves In C3 And C4 Plants, Tayler J. Kriss Jan 2019

Greening Rates And Photosynthetic Development Of Leaves In C3 And C4 Plants, Tayler J. Kriss

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

To study chlorophyll development time and overall photosynthetic development in C3 and C4 leaves, seeds were germinated in complete darkness and achlorophyllous leaves were then allowed to develop in lighted conditions. Corn (Zea mays, C4), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, C4), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, C3), broad bean (Vicia faba, C3), and wheat (Triticum aestivum, C3) were investigated for the first ten days of sunlight exposure. Chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, and CO2 gas exchange measurements were conducted daily on the first leaf that emerged after the embryonic leaves of each plant. The first five days of the experiment, days zero to four …

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Island Invasion: The Silent Crisis In Hawaii, Sophia Janssen Jan 2019

Island Invasion: The Silent Crisis In Hawaii, Sophia Janssen

Pomona Senior Theses

Keeping out invasive species may, upon first review, seem like a trivial environmental cry from ecologists and deep environmentalists; a belated wish to return to an undeveloped world where nature was pristine. However invasive species create problems that impact all of us and can have far more severe consequences than changing a stunning landscape. These problems are heightened in islands like Hawaii, where the fragile ecosystems have developed over centuries of evolution and adaptation. The introduction of a disease-carrying mosquito can put the people of Hawaii at risk to many vector-born illnesses and create an epidemic, taking human life. The …

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Estimation Of Genomic Instability And Dna Methylation Due To Aluminum (Al) Stress In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Using Ipbs And Cred-Ipbs Analyses, Arash Hossein Pour, Güller Özkan, Özge Nalci, Kami̇l Hali̇loğlu Jan 2019

Estimation Of Genomic Instability And Dna Methylation Due To Aluminum (Al) Stress In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Using Ipbs And Cred-Ipbs Analyses, Arash Hossein Pour, Güller Özkan, Özge Nalci, Kami̇l Hali̇loğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a serious factor restricting crop productivity in acid soil, and Al is the major cause of phytotoxicity. However, the role of Al toxicity in interprimer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism, genomic instability, and DNA methylation has not been fully investigated. In the current study, the effects of different Al concentrations on iPBS polymorphism, genomic instability, and DNA methylation were investigated in seedlings of three wheat cultivars: Haymana 79, Kılçıksız, and Bezostaja 1. A higher aluminum concentration increased the polymorphism rate of the iPBS profile, but decreased genomic template stability in all cultivars . A higher Al concentration …

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Attempts To Save A Spanish Endemism Astragalus Devesae Talavera, A. González & G. López (Fabaceae) From Extinction, Karoline Aparecida Felix Ribeiro, José Ángel Sánchez Agudo, Silvia Sánchez Durán, Ester Vega Elices, José Sánchez Sánchez Jan 2019

Attempts To Save A Spanish Endemism Astragalus Devesae Talavera, A. González & G. López (Fabaceae) From Extinction, Karoline Aparecida Felix Ribeiro, José Ángel Sánchez Agudo, Silvia Sánchez Durán, Ester Vega Elices, José Sánchez Sánchez

Turkish Journal of Botany

Astragalus devesae Talavera, A. González & G. López (Fabaceae) is a threatened Hispanic endemic species whose distribution is restricted to the center of Spain (the province of Ávila). It is classified as ?Critically Endangered? in the 2010 List of Threatened Spanish Vascular Flora and as ?Endangered? in the ?Decree 63/2007? of Castile and Leon (administrative region in which Ávila is included). In this study, censuses of three existing populations were carried out and one of these that was found along the course of this work, was ecologically characterized. High interpopulation variability (0%, 26%, and 73%) was observed with respect to …

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Onopordum Nezaketianum Sp. Nov. (Asteraceae: Cardueae):A New Species From Central Anatolia, Turkey, Süleyman Mesut Pinar, Hüseyi̇n Eroğlu Jan 2019

Onopordum Nezaketianum Sp. Nov. (Asteraceae: Cardueae):A New Species From Central Anatolia, Turkey, Süleyman Mesut Pinar, Hüseyi̇n Eroğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Onopordum nezaketianum sp. nov. (Asteraceae: Cardueae) from the Central Anatolia region of Turkey is described based on morphological and palynological features. The new species is morphologically related to O. davisii Rech. f. and O. turcicum Danin, and is characterized by its capitula solitary or 2?4 on leafy 2?20 cm long peduncles, phyllaries 5?6 seriate, outer phyllaries sparsely arachnoid pubescent, ovate?lanceolate, flat or nearly reflexed; median phyllaries sparsely arachnoid pubescent, narrowly ovate?lanceolate, reflexed; inner phyllaries glabrous, linear?lanceolate, erect, flowers 20?25 mm; 4 corolla lobes equal, 4?5 mm long, and 5th lobe 6?7 mm long, pappus barbellate. Achenes 4.0?5.1 x 2.0?2.5 mm, …

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