Botany Commons^™

Expression Of Apoplast-Targeted Plant Defensin Mtdef4.2 Confers Resistance To Leaf Rust Pathogen Puccinia Triticina But Does Not Affect Mycorrhizal Symbiosis In Transgenic Wheat, Jagdeep Kaur, John Fellers, Alok Adholeya, Siva L.S. Velivelli, Kaoutar El-Mounadi, Natalya Nersesian, Thomas Clemente, Dilip Shah

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Rust fungi of the order Pucciniales are destructive pathogens of wheat worldwide. Leaf rust caused by the obligate, biotrophic basidiomycete fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt) is an economically important disease capable of causing up to 50 % yield losses. Historically, resistant wheat cultivars have been used to control leaf rust, but genetic resistance is ephemeral and breaks down with the emergence of new virulent Pt races. There is a need to develop alternative measures for control of leaf rust in wheat. Development of transgenic wheat expressing an antifungal defensin offers a promising approach to complement the endogenous resistance genes …

Biogeographic Divergences In The Iberian Flora. A Morpho-Anatomic,Issr-Based, And Environmental Study Of Iberian Buxus Sempervirens L., Márcia Carvalho, João Rocha, Valdemar Carnide, Sandra Martins, Maurici Mus, Francisco Amich, Rubim Almeida, Claúdia Machado, Berta Gonçalves, Eunice Bacelar, Antonio Crespi

Turkish Journal of Botany

Iberian Buxus spp. Are represented by B. Sempervirens, restricted to the Cantabrian, eastern Iberian Peninsula, and northeastern mountain systems, emerging scarcely in Portugal, and by B. Balearica that occurs in the Betic deep river valleys and in the Balearic islands. The genetic affinity existent between fifteen populations of B. Sempervirens was evaluated by seven ISSRs primers. Moreover, leaf morpho-anatomical measurements indicative of leaf performance (such as leaf area, leaf mass per unit area, width, length, shape factor, tissues thickness, stomatal density, and quantification of epi- and intracuticular waxes) and environmental characterization were conducted to get insight into the functional ecology …

Exogenous Nitric Oxide Protects Against Drought-Induced Oxidativestress In Malus Rootstocks, Linsen Zhang, Xuewei Li, Xifeng Li, Zhou Wei, Mingyu Han, Lixin Zhang, Bingzhi Li

Turkish Journal of Botany

D?rought is a major environmental stress that limits the growth and productivity of fruit trees in semiarid and arid regions. We evaluated the potential of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) to improve the drought tolerance of apple rootstocks (Malus spp.). Leaves of 2-year-old seedlings of drought-sensitive Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. And drought-tolerant Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. Rootstocks were sprayed with NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 0-400 μmol L-1, and then the plants were subjected to drought stress. Among all SNP treatments, the 300 μmol L-1 SNP treatment mostly alleviated drought-induced ion leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde and solu?ble proteins …

Betalains And Expression Of Antioxidant Enzymes During Development Andabiotic Stress In Rivina Humilis L. Berries, Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan, Avinash Kumar, Parvatam Giridhar

Turkish Journal of Botany

This work investigated the betalains profile and associated molecular changes during Rivina humilis L. Berry development and 1 month after inducing stress through elicitors such as salicylic acid (SA, 0.05-0.5 mM) and chitosan (CH, 0.1%-1.0%). The results showed that, during berry development, diphenol oxidase activity of tyrosinase increased, which was reflected in an exponential increase in betalains accumulation. Expression levels of a putative Rivina humilis betanidin-5-O-glucosyltransferase 2 (RhBGT2) remained unchanged, while that of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased. Treatment with SA (0.1 mM) and CH (0.5%) enhanced betalains accumulation. The pattern of betalains accumulation during berry …

Cladonia Trapezuntica (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota): A Robust Morphotype Of Pycnothelia Papillaria, A Taxonomic Study With Conservational Survey, Ayhan Şenkardeşler, Demet Cansaran Duman, Laszlo Lökös, Teuvo Ahti

Turkish Journal of Botany

The long-neglected lichen described as Cladonia trapezuntica was rediscovered at its type locality in Turkey thanks to historical maps available at the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Molecular, morphological, and chemical analyses were applied to determine whether C. Trapezuntica is a distinct species or rather falls within the phenotypic variation of Pycnothelia papillaria. Although most of the podetia appear to be unusual for P. Papillaria, the molecular evidence indicates that C. Trapezuntica should be considered as a synonym of P. Papillaria, and the cushion-like growth form, taller podetia with irregular to dichotomously or trichotomously branching pattern, and scarce primary thallus …

Tulostoma Ahmadii Sp. Nov. And T. Squamosum From Pakistan, Shah Hussain, Nousheen Yousaf, Najam-Ul-Sehar Afshan, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Habib Ahmad, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Turkish Journal of Botany

Tulostoma ahmadii, a new species found in the subtropical pine forest of Malakand, Pakistan, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by parallel to squamulose deep reddish brown scales on stipe with bulbous base, warty exoperidium, and tubular and relatively large-sized basidiospores. Macro- and microscopic features along with sequence data demonstrated that Tulostoma ahmadii is a distinct species from other members of Tulostoma. T. Squamosum, which is represented here as a new record for the country, has also been characterized on a molecular basis.

Ecological Wood Anatomy Of Fraxinus L. In Turkey (Oleaceae): Intraspecific And Interspecific Variation, Funda Erşen-Bak, Nesi̇me Merev

Turkish Journal of Botany

Wood anatomy features of eight taxa (four species) of the genus Fraxinus L. indigenous to Turkey were examined. Wood samples were collected from different altitudes of their natural growth areas. Data were gathered on quantitative anatomical features such as tangential and radial vessel diameters, number of vessels per mm2, length of vessel elements, fibers (lengths, widths, thickness of cell walls, lumen diameters), number of rays per mm, and ray width and height. By using vessel member features, the vulnerability ratio (vessel diameter divided by number of vessels per mm2) and mesomorphy value (vulnerability ratio multiplied by vessel elements length) were …

Alyssum Amasianum (Brassicaceae), A New Species From North Anatolia, Turkey, Osman Karabacak, Ahmet Duran, Mustafa Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Botany

Herein a new species, Alyssum amasianum, is described and illustrated from North Anatolia. The new species is very similar to A. hirsutum subsp. caespitosum but differs in the shape and indumentum of leaves, trichome type of the fruits, and margin of the seeds. The ecology, biogeography, and conservation status of the new species are discussed. The leaf, fruit, and seed surface micromorphology of A. amasianum, A. hirsutum subsp. caespitosum, A. hirsutum subsp. hirsutum, A. strigosum subsp. strigosum, and A. xanthocarpum were also examined by scanning electron microscope.

A New Species Of Lepiota, Lepiota Lahorensis, From Lahore, Pakistan, Tayyaba Qasim, Abdul Khalid, Else Vellinga

Turkish Journal of Botany

Lepiota lahorensis sp. nov. is described from Lahore, Pakistan. Its characterizing features are pinkish brown pileus with dark brown furfuraceous scales, oblong to ellipsoid spores, clavate cheilocystidia, and pileus covering made up of trichodermal elements without shorter elements at their base. The phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence shows its unique position in sect. Ovisporae.

Labellum Micromorphology Of Some Orchid Genera (Orchidaceae) Distributed In The Black Sea Region In Turkey, Şenay Süngü Şeker, Mustafa Kemal Akbulut, Gülcan Şenel

Turkish Journal of Botany

A detailed micromorphological analysis of the labellum was carried out using both light and scanning electron microscopy on 14 genera (Anacamptis, Cephalanthera, Coeloglossum, Dactylorhiza, Gymnadenia, Himantoglossum, Limodorum, Neottia, Orchis, Ophrys, Platanthera, Serapias, Spiranthes, and Steveniella) of Orchidaceae in Turkey. In the samples, various epidermal features were identified in the spur that developmentally are invaginations of the labellum and the adaxial surface of the labellum. Typical secretory cells and inclusions such as starch or calcium oxalate crystals of different sizes and shapes were found within the structure of individuals. In many genera, characteristically shaped secretory trichomes and papillae were concentrated at …

The Effects Of Simulated Herbivory On The Growth Of Wisconsin Fast Plants, Jessica Joerger, Tanner Logan, Kiefer Kious, Jake Rancic

Celebration of Learning

Wisconsin Fast Plant (Brassica rapa, Brassicaceae) seeds were planted in three six-celled containers with 15 seeds in each tray. After a week of germination in standard potting soil and tap water,

we started our manipulation of simulating herbivory with scissors. E1 plants had both cotyledons of each plant removed, E2 plants had half of the cotyledons of each plant removed, and the control group was allowed to grow. E2 plants had its foliage leaves cut when they exceeded 1 cm from that week on. Every week (seven-day intervals), the height of all the plants were recorded as well as the …

Mechanisms Of Native Shrub Encroachment On A Virginia Barrier Island, Joseph Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

Species composition, temperature, soil nutrients, and leaf area index (LAI) were recorded across three encroaching Morella cerifera thicket edges and three free- standing shrubs on Hog Island, Virginia to characterize the effect of shrub thickets on the plant community and microclimate. Electron transport rate (ETR) was taken on shrub leaves to determine if microclimate benefits M. cerifera physiology. Species richness was lowest inside shrub thickets. Soil water content and LAI were higher in shrub thickets compared to grassland. Soil organic matter, N, and C were higher inside shrub thickets. Summer and fall maximum temperatures were more moderate in shrub thickets …

Letter From The Dean, Lona Robertson

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

World Checklist Of Hornworts And Liverworts, Lars Söderström, Anders Hagborg, Matt Von Konrat, Sharon Bartholomew-Began, David Bell, Laura Briscoe, Elizabeth Brown, D. Christine Cargill, Denise P. Costa, Barbara J. Crandall-Stotler, Endymion D. Cooper, Gregorio Dauphin, John J. Engel, Kathrin Feldberg, David Glenny, S. Robbert Gradstein, Xiaolan He, Jochen Heinrichs, Jörn Hentschel, Anna Luiza Ilkiu-Borges, Tomoyuki Katagiri, Nadezhda A. Konstantinova, Juan Larraín, David G. Long, Martin Nebel, Tamás Pócs, Felisa Puche, Elena Reiner-Drehwald, Matt A.M. Renner, Andrea Sass-Gyarmati, Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp, José Gabriel Segarra Moragues, Raymond E. Stotler, Phiangphak Sukkharak, Barbara M. Thiers, Jaime Uribe, Jiří Váňa, Juan Carlos Villarreal, Martin Wigginton, Li Zhang, Rui-Liang Zhu

Biology Faculty Publications

A working checklist of accepted taxa worldwide is vital in achieving the goal of developing an online flora of all known plants by 2020 as part of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. We here present the first-ever worldwide checklist for liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) that includes 7486 species in 398 genera representing 92 families from the two phyla. Th e checklist has far reaching implications and applications, including providing a valuable tool for taxonomists and systematists, analyzing phytogeographic and diversity patterns, aiding in the assessment of floristic and taxonomic knowledge, and identifying geographical gaps in our understanding of …

Effect Of Timing Of Shade On Growth, Development, Physiology, And Fruiting Of A Primocane Fruiting Blackberry In A Controlled Environment, Olivia C. Caillouet, Curt C. Rom, Jason Mcafee, Luke Freeman, Heather Friedrich

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Primocane blackberry production in the upper south is limited by high temperatures during the bloom and early fruiting period, resulting in poor fruit set and poor fruit quality. Shade may have the potential to delay bloom and flowering to a more favorable season. A greenhouse study was established to evaluate the effects of shade on primocane blackberry growth, physiology, and fruiting. Single rooted plants of ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ were planted in 12-liter pots and grown in a greenhouse at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas. At approximately 0.25 m in height, one …

The Effects Of Shade On Primocane Fruiting Blackberries In The Field, Olivia C. Caillouet, Curt C. Rom, Jason Mcafee, Luke Freeman, Heather Friedrich

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Primocane fruiting blackberry production in Arkansas is limited by heat during the flowering and early fruiting season. Shade could be used to delay flowering and fruiting to more favorable growth period. This study was designed to test three levels of shade (0% [control], 30% and 50% shading) applied at three times during the growing season that examined the growth, development, physiology of flowering, and fruiting of ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ blackberries. The seven treatments were as follows: 1) an untreated control (CK), 2) early shade 30% (ES30), mid shade 30% (MS30), 4) late shade 30% (LS30), 5) early shade 50% (ES50), 6) …

Evaluation Of Harvest Time/Temperature And Storage Temperature On Postharvest Incidence Of Red Drupelet Reversion Development And Firmness Of Blackberry (Rubus L. Subgenus Rubus Watson), Jack E. Mccoy, John R. Clarke, Alejandra A. Salgado, Andrew Jecmen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Since 1964, the University of Arkansas blackberry breeding program has worked to improve fruit quality and shipping capabilities. A major limitation in blackberry fruit is postharvest handling potential for the shipping market. Maintaining fruit firmness in storage is crucial. Red drupelet reversion (or simply reversion) is also an important postharvest disorder in which drupelets change from black to red during storage. It is hypothesized that reversion is increased when fruit is picked at hot temperatures and exposed to a rapid change of temperature. These studies evaluated harvest time/temperature, as well as storage temperature, on berry firmness and the incidence of …

A Floristic Study Of The Oak Leaf Lake Unit Of The Swan Lake Wildlife Management Area In Nicollet County, Minnesota, Heidi Rauenhorst

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Prairies play an integral ecological role, protecting biodiversity and providing habitat for fauna. The number of prairie acres has significantly declined in Minnesota, making the existing prairies that much more valuable. The Oak Leaf Lake Unit of the Swan Lake Wildlife Management Area in Nicollet County, Minnesota (latitude 44.311050, longitude -94.015577) was purchased by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources in 1994 and is being managed as tallgrass prairie. Floristic surveys were performed during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons to gather baseline data. These data were used to assess the quality of the site through calculation of various indices …

Message From The Faculty Editor, Mary Savin

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Molecular Characterization Of Resistance To Soybean Rust (Phakopsora Pachyrhizi Syd. & Syd.) In Soybean Cultivar Dt 2000 (Pi 635999), Tri D. Vuong, David R. Walker, Binh T. Nguyen, Tuyet T. Nguyen, Hoan X. Dinh, David L. Hyten, Perry B. Cregan, David A. Sleper, Jeong D. Lee, James G. Shannon, Henry T. Nguyen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Resistance to soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & Syd., has been identified in many soybean germplasm accessions and is conferred by either dominant or recessive genes that have been mapped to six independent loci (Rpp1 -Rpp6), but No U. S. cultivars are resistant to SBR. The cultivar DT 2000 (PI 635999) has resistance to P. pachyrhizi isolates and field populations from the United States as well as Vietnam. A F_6:7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from Williams 82 × DT 2000 was used to identify genomic regions associated with resistance to SBR in …

Two New Records And A Confirmation For The Vascular Flora Of Turkey, Hasan Yildirim, Yusuf Altioğlu, Ri̇yat Gül, Meli̇ha Gemi̇ci̇

Turkish Journal of Botany

Campanula raddeana Trautv. (Campanulaceae), based on samples collected from Çıldır (A9 Ardahan), and Galatella cretica Gand. (Asteraceae), based on samples collected from Marmaris (C1 Muğla), were recorded as new findings for the Flora of Turkey. In addition, Silene samia Melzh. & Christod. (Caryophyllaceae) was confirmed in Turkey based on samples from four localities in southwest Anatolia. Detailed descriptions, locality information, and distribution maps of the cited taxa were also given in the present study.

Grain Sorghum Leaf Reflectance And Nitrogen Status, Akwasi A. Abunyewa, Richard B. Ferguson, Charles S. Wortmann, Stephen C. Mason

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen deficiency is a common but readily managed constraint to grain yield. A quick and nondestructive detection of crop N status using remote sensing could be a means to increased N use efficiency. Research was conducted in a greenhouse in 2006 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln to establish the relationship of spectral reflectance with N status in leaves of grain sorghum, to develop indices for interpretation of the results and to predict chlorophyll content. Nitrogen stress decreased chlorophyll meter reading and leaf N content, but increased leaf and canopy reflectance. The SPAD values were significantly increased by both water and …

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Of Qualitatively Inherited Traits In A Germplasm Collection, Nonoy B. Bandillo, Aaron J. Lorenz, George L. Graef, Diego Jarquin, David L. Hyten, Randall L. Nelson, James E. Specht

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Genome-wide association (GWA) has been used as a tool for dissecting the genetic architecture of quantitatively inherited traits. We demonstrate here that GWA can also be highly useful for detecting many major genes governing categorically defined phenotype variants that exist for qualitatively inherited traits in a germplasm collection. Genome-wide association mapping was applied to categorical phenotypic data available for 10 descriptive traits in a collection of ~13,000 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions that had been genotyped with a 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. A GWA on a panel of accessions of this magnitude can offer substantial statistical …

Dioxygenase-Encoding Atdao1 Gene Controls Iaa Oxidation And Homeostasis In Arabidopsis, Silvana Porco, Aleš Pěnčík, Afaf Rashed, Ute Voβ, Rubén Casanova-Sáez, Anthony Bishop, Agata Golebiowska, Rahul Bhosale, Ranjan Swarup, Kamal Swarup, Pavlína Penáková, Ondrej Novák, Paul E. Staswick, Peter Hedden, Andrew L. Phillips, Kris Vissenberg, Malcolm J. Bennett, Karin Ljung

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Auxin represents a key signal in plants, regulating almost every aspect of their growth and development. Major breakthroughs have been made dissecting the molecular basis of auxin transport, perception, and response. In contrast, how plants control the metabolism and homeostasis of the major form of auxin in plants, indole-3- acetic acid (IAA), remains unclear. In this paper, we initially describe the function of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION 1 (AtDAO1). Transcriptional and translational reporter lines revealed that AtDAO1 encodes a highly root-expressed, cytoplasmically localized IAA oxidase. Stable isotope-labeled IAA feeding studies of loss and …

Plant Functionality Across An Environmental Gradient, Taylor L. Price, Julie Zinnert

Undergraduate Research Posters

Community assemblages provide insight into ecosystem processes, both spatially and temporally. They interact with biotic and abiotic factors that vary with habitat structure, influencing community composition. Ecological theory demonstrates that species have the potential for a wide fundamental niche, but habitat range may be restricted by factors exposed to species in their realized niche. In barrier island ecosystems, edaphic and environmental characteristics (e.g. elevation and distance to shoreline) are major drivers determining where and how plant communities establish. Physical stressors, such as salt stress and drought influence community grouping and can alter plant function within the environment. With projected increases …

A Population Of Deletion Mutants And An Integrated Mapping And Exome-Seq Pipeline For Gene Discovery In Maize, Shangang Jia, Aixia Li, Kyla Morton, Penny Avoles-Kianian, Shahryar F. Kianian, Chi Zhang, David Holding

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

To better understand maize endosperm filling and maturation, we used gamma irradiation of the B73 maize reference line to generate mutants with opaque endosperm and reduced kernel fill phenotypes, and created a population of 1788 lines including 47 Mo17 × F2s showing stable, segregating and viable kernel phenotypes. For molecular characterization of the mutants, we developed a novel functional genomics platform that combined Bulked Segregant RNA and Exome sequencing (BSREx-seq) to map causative mutations and identify candidate genes within mapping intervals. To exemplify the utility of the mutants and provide proof-ofconcept for the bioinformatics platform, we present detailed characterization of …

Comprehensive Comparative Genomic And Transcriptomic Analyses Of The Legume Genes Controlling The Nodulation Process, Zhenzhen Qiao, Lise Pingault, Mehrnoush Nourbakhsh-Rey, Marc Libault

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen is one of the most essential plant nutrients and one of the major factors limiting crop productivity. Having the goal to perform a more sustainable agriculture, there is a need to maximize biological nitrogen fixation, a feature of legumes. To enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction between legumes and rhizobia, the symbiotic partner fixing and assimilating the atmospheric nitrogen for the plant, researchers took advantage of genetic and genomic resources developed across different legume models (e.g., Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, and Phaseolus vulgaris) to identify key regulatory protein coding genes of the nodulation …

Comparison Of An Ultra-Low Volume (Ulv) Sprayer Against A Conventional Sprayer, For Foliar Fertiliser And Fungicide Applications In Turfgrass, Jason Connor Ferguson, Roch E. Gaussoin, John A. Eastin, Matthew D. Sousek, Greg R. Kruger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Two field studies (I and II) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln: John Seaton Anderson Turfgrass Research Facility near Mead, NE, USA, were conducted to determine if a new ultra-low volume (ULV) sprayer can apply foliar nutrient, growth regulator, and fungicide treatments, in a manner similar to that of a conventional sprayer. Treatments were applied over creeping bentgrass ‘L-93’ (Agrostis stolonifera L.) managed as a fairway at 561 l · ha⁻¹ and 47 l · ha⁻¹ with the conventional and ULV sprayer, respectfully. Data were collected for chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll meter, and for the normalised difference …

Isoetes Mississippiensis: A New Quillwort From Mississippi, Usa, Peter W. Schafran, Steven W. Leonard, Rebecca D. Bray, W. Carl Taylor, Lytton John Musselman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Isoetes mississippiensis S.W. Leonard, W.C. Taylor, L.J. Musselman and R.D. Bray (Isoetaceae, Lycopodiophyta) is a new species known from two sites along tributaries of the Pearl River in southern Mississippi. This species is distinguished from other species in the southeastern United States by a combination of character states including a basic diploid (2n=22) chromosome count, laevigate megaspores, and a narrow velum covering less than one-third of the adaxial sporangium wall.