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Articles 271 - 300 of 1653
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Agrostis Alba And Its Principal Component Analysis, T Okajima, T Okubo, R Kayama, M Kikuchi
Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Agrostis Alba And Its Principal Component Analysis, T Okajima, T Okubo, R Kayama, M Kikuchi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There are not so many reports about the matter production in the grazed pastures of short grass type. The purposes of this study are to clarify (1) the seasonal change of dry matter production and (2) the factors that affect those in the grazed redtop (Agrostis alba) pasture as short grass type. The grazing experiment was carried out in 1979, 1980 and 1981. Biomass of grasses (part of leaf, stem, standing dead and underground) was measured at the end of each grazing period in the rotation from May to October, and also in March, April and November. Principal component analysis …
Energy Efficiency Of Primary And Secondary Production In Grazed Pasture Of Dactylis Glomerata As Compared With Those Of Paspalum Notatum, T Okubo, M Hirakawa, T Okajima, R Kayama, H Tano, N Kihira
Energy Efficiency Of Primary And Secondary Production In Grazed Pasture Of Dactylis Glomerata As Compared With Those Of Paspalum Notatum, T Okubo, M Hirakawa, T Okajima, R Kayama, H Tano, N Kihira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To evaluate and compare the key factors for energy efficiency in pasture production between temperate and subtropical grass sward, dry matter production and cattle gain were determined under grazing condition during 1979-1983. Seasonal changes in the biomass of above and underground organs and in surface litter were measured in the two types of the swards of orchardgrass mixed with Italian ryegrass and of Bahiagrass mixed with Vicia sp. In an e_xample of the conversion efficiency measured for the productive growing season in 1980 (Fig.1), Bahiagrass pasture fixed 1.36:% of global solar radiation as the net production including the growth of …
The Stability Analysis And Energy Flow Through Leymus Chinensis Population, Zu Yuangang, Zhu Tingcheng
The Stability Analysis And Energy Flow Through Leymus Chinensis Population, Zu Yuangang, Zhu Tingcheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study examines the natural Leymus chinensis grassland in Northeast China. It is concerned with solar radiation and the photosynthesis, respiration and traspiration of the Leymus chinensis population. In the process of the energy flow through the Leymus chinensis population, the energy input is 5199 Kcal/m2·d; the energy consumption is 5132.31 Kcal/m2 ·d and the energy accumulation is 66.69 Kcal/ m2 ·d. Thus it can be seen that most of the energy is lost in the environment. As a result of the stability analysis, the equilibrium state is asymptotic stability in the process of the energy flow through the Leymus …
Energy Distribution Of Alpine Grassland -Sheep System, Zhu Xingyun, Wang Qing
Energy Distribution Of Alpine Grassland -Sheep System, Zhu Xingyun, Wang Qing
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The studies on sheep's grazing behaviour have been carried on in China in 50.s of this century. But the researches on the energy consumption for grazing sheep in the various of their states are very few. This paper mainly studies and discusses the energy consumption distribution for grazing sheep in their grazing behaviour.
The Energy Intake And Its Dynamic In Alpine Grassland - Sheep Systems, Wang Qin
The Energy Intake And Its Dynamic In Alpine Grassland - Sheep Systems, Wang Qin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experiment was carried out on alpine grassland, from 1978 to 1979, in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province. Local Tibetan sheep were used as the experiment animals.
A Model For Plant And Cattle Growth In Ecological System Of Grazed Pasture, T Okubo, P Jacquard
A Model For Plant And Cattle Growth In Ecological System Of Grazed Pasture, T Okubo, P Jacquard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The purpose of this modelling work are to describe the seasonal biomass dynamics of pasture plants and also to describe the growth of plant and cattle in field condition under grazing. Emphasis was put on the fundamental conception that energy flow or growth of organisms should be expressed as a result of balance in substrates between the demand by growing organisms and the supply of source for it, not as a simple flow from source to sink. A similar type of flow diagram was tried to apply for the expression of growth or energy flow in the subsystems of three …
Modelling Of A Stand Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), P Jacquard, B Fleury, J P. Maitre
Modelling Of A Stand Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), P Jacquard, B Fleury, J P. Maitre
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A model of growth and development for the Cocksfoot has been adapted to Red Clover to used in a more complex model for mixed crop (legume and grass).
A Study Of Grassland Utilization Conditions In The Eastern Part Of Inner Mongolia By Analyzing Landsat Mss Imagery, Mei An-Xin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present paper used images of Landsat 1.2.3.4 MSS as fundamental data. By integrating visual interpretation with optical, computer and other imagery processing methods, interpretation keys for different types of land-use were identified. A system of classification of land-use was suggested. After having worked out some maps showing the present conditions of utilization of grassland in the eastern part oflnner Mongolia and its adjacent areas, the author attempted to make an analytical study of grassland utilization.
A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei
A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Using the messages provided by the Landsat images to interpret the local climatic resources is a new problem in the field of the usage of remote sensing. This method has more important significance in the steppes and mountains lacking data. The thesis is a research report in this aspect. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on two aspects, one is that of using the remote sensing images to interpret the local climatic resources; the other is to establish the relation between the characteristics of the images and the ground climatic data. The interpreting tests are made for the grassland …
An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo
An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper expounds that the geographic characteristics of the drainage basin are analysed and the maps of ground surface types are drawn by using LANDSAT imagery, and that the surface water resources in Hulenbeier Prairie are analysed and estimated by using the conventional hydro logic data based on these maps. The estimating problems of surface water resources of basin in the vast areas lacking data can be resolved via the analytic method of hydrologic remote sensing and the scientific basis of the aspect of water resources can be provided for rational development and useness of grassland re sources.
Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong
Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study is aimed to describe the present conditions of the degradation of grassland in Hailar Area, Inner Mongolia, China and to explain the causes of degradation in this area so as to provide scientific basis for forming projects of using the grassland more efficiently and preventing from degradation more effectively. Based on the interpretation of Landsat images and geographical analysis of information obtained from field investigation, a classification system including desertificated, salinzed, marshy and overgrazed grassland has been established and the map of grassland degradation in this area has been complied. The methods used enhance the mapping process to …
Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng
Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grassland monitoring is observing periodically a special biome or an ecological area. Because of the wide area and unceasingly changing of natural grassland, its dynamic monitoring is an essential base for the management of grassland resources. By analysing different phasic and different yearly satellite images, this paper shows that the remote sensing is very effective for monitoring the change of surface water, grazing intensity, and use, desertification and fire in the steppe region.
Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu
Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ecological economic characteristics of grassland as optimum utilization of mountainous grasslands in subtropical zone of China is described. This study has been laid out at five sites from different altitudes above sea level for four years. At the same time, some survey of cultivated grassland and others has been carried on in similar places. The valuable materials obtained are shown as: (1) seasonal movement of plant biomass; (2) monthly movement of forage yield & growth-rate; (3) herbage regrowth and (4) soil erosion resistance of grassland and adaptation of herbage for grazing etc. Based on these materials, farmers would decide exactly …
Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto
Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a southern Chilean humid ecosystem, the productive potentiality of Chusquea coleu and Ch. quila was studied for animal utilization. During 2 years was seasonally recorded crude protein, neutro detergent fibre and dry matter in vitro digestibility. Also was analized the production of leaves and sprigs, and culms (utilizable and not by livestock, respectively). It was recorded a remarkable seasonality in dry matter production as well as in quality charateristics in both species. Results let conclude that both species could be an interesting animal feed resource specially in seasons in which the pasture is in a critical stage of growth, …
Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin
Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This work was carried out at Haibei Research station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem. The structure of Alpine meadow ecosystem is simple. The net primary productivity above ground is about 1905 kg/ha/year, which is equivalent to 8.5616 x 106 kilocalories/ha/year. Energy distribution of Alpine meadow ecosystem is irrational. The main secondary consumers in Alpine meadow ecosystem are Xinzan sheep and Ochotona curzoniae. The net primary productivity above ground per ha. can feed 2.8 sheep. There are 70.36 Ocbotona curzoniae/ha at Haibei Research station. They are more than a sheep can consume. At the same time, low rate of matter …
A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo
A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The emergence of remote sensing has provided an advanced means for surveys and planning of grassland resources. In 1979, China started and since then has developed technical cooperations in agricultural remote sensing with FAO and UNDP respectively. With the cooperation, National Training and Application Center for Agricultural Remote Sensing was established at Beijing Agricultural University. We study on application of remote sensing to grassland resource surveys total area of 50,000 km2. All those indicate that remote sensing provides a mean of grassland surveys to achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results and also bears extensive prospects for use on …
The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia, Chen Kai, Li Bo
The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia, Chen Kai, Li Bo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper is a comprehensive report and explanation of a large scale research project carried out for the investigation of grassland in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. In the paper, the nature of the grassland resources in Inner Mongolia, the purposes of the research project, the organization of the research forces, the methods applied in the research, the chief results of the project, and the problems to be further solved have all been briefly discussed.
An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe, Chen Qing Cheng
An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe, Chen Qing Cheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In this paper, two methods of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis-the A cut-set classification and the Interative Self-organization Data Analysis technique (ISODATA method)-are introduced to the classification of plant communities. The results show that using these methods, one may classify a number of sample quadrats obtained from vegetation mosaic which fails to possess definite lines among communities by means of random sampling rapidly and correctly. Moreover, it seems that the combination of the principal components analysis (PCA) and the ISODATA method in the classification is successful in reducing the subjective influence of the research worker and their results can be compared and …
Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki
Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ecosystem models to analyse energy and matter flows in Japanese grazing grassland have been developed during the past 10 years. These models have contributed much to ecosystem studies but they are not suitable, from the farmers' viewpoint, for predicting grassland productivity for two reasons: (1) as they have generally large and complex structures, they do not fit individual farmers' small personal computers; and (2) they contain so many variables that farmers cannot measure precise values of all of them in their fields. In this paper, we propose six small simple population models for describing plant and animal growth which can …
Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo
Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of stocking rates on the energy conversion efficiency was examined on a grazing pasture over an eight year period from 1974. Annual stocking rates were in the range of 117-523 animal-unit days (AUD)/ha over eight years. Photosynthetically active radiation, net primary production by herbage plants and the amounts consumed by grazing cattle were measured during the plant growing season (from late March to late November). For estimations of stored energy in cattle, ARC feeding standards (1965) using the daily increment for body weight were adopted. Energy conversion efficiencies from solar energy through plants and animals were calculated as …
Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, M Shiyomi
Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, M Shiyomi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Energy flow from sun to grazing animals, especially the functions of cellular contents (CC) and cell wall (CW) in this regard, was examined at the Fujinita Experimental Grazing Pasture of the National Grassland Research Institute, Tochigi which is situated at 36 °55'N and 136 °58 E, with a mean annual air-temperature of 12.3 °C and mean annual rainfall 1631 mm. Grazing experiments were conducted under two different nitrogen application regimes in 1983 and 1984. The net primary production was 53 and 33 Mkcal/ha/yr for plot of high (HN) and low (LN) nitrogen applications, respectively. Dry matter of the standing crop …
Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems, T Akiyama, M Shiyomi, S Takahashi
Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems, T Akiyama, M Shiyomi, S Takahashi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Solar and supplemental energy dynamics were compared for several years in three different livestock feed production systems including, a) double cropping with barley and corn for whole-crop-silage, b) perennial cutting meadow of orchardgrass for hay-making, and c) grazing by fattening Holsteins with six cool-season grasses. The results obtained are; (1) In the double cropping system, the plot receiving slurry manure (S2) maintained the highest energy yield (3.86xl05MJ, 92,350 Meal of energy for each hectare of land, or 0.94% of overall efficiency as compared to global solar radiation) throughout the 5-year experimental period. (2) From the orchardgrass meadow, 1. 93x105MJ, 46,130 …
Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures, T Wakimoto, Y Satake, M Tagawa, T Kitamori
Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures, T Wakimoto, Y Satake, M Tagawa, T Kitamori
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Red clover and white clover do not produce sufficiently for mixtures for hay or silage in the central district of Hokkaido. Alfalfa, for its part, is not yet widely cultivated in this district despite its superior longevity and higher productivity. The objective of this research is to verify the compatibility of alfalfa cultivars mixed with orchardgrass and timothy to give the grass species suited well to local conditions. Orchardgrass and timothy cultivars were mixed with a red clover cultivar and an alfalfa cultivar in Experiment 1 and with erect, medium and prostrate type alfalfa cultivars in Experiment 2, in one …
A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham
A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A good level of cool season activity is desirable in pasture plants for use in New Zealand. However, while the mechanisms contributing to this have been intensively studied in grasses, this is not so for legumes. An experiment was designed to study the components of vegetative yield contributing to the cool season growth of three white clover ecotypes of differing leaf size. Measurements of growth on a marked stolon showed that during winter, spring and early summer the DM yield ( consisting of leaf growth on a tagged stolon) of the large-leaved ecotype exceeded that of the smaller-leaved white clover …
Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture, J.F L. Charlton, J R. Sedcole
Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture, J.F L. Charlton, J R. Sedcole
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
100 'Grasslands Huia' white clover plants were planted in autumn 1979 at each of 3 hill pasture sites with wet, moist or dry annual soil moisture status. Surviving plants were counted and measured for leaf number, mean leaf size and plant spread 4 times per year for 4 years. Generally, plants with more leaves or greater spread were more likely to survive. Survival was greatest (27% after 4 years) at the dry site, which had fewer plant pests and a grazing management that permitted rapid spring growth.
Growth Characteristics Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In Mixtures At Varying Temperature And Moisture Levels, G.W King, A M. Bowman
Growth Characteristics Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In Mixtures At Varying Temperature And Moisture Levels, G.W King, A M. Bowman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Subterranean clover cultivars are being increasingly found in mixed strain sowings in Australia. Mixed sowing or oversowing may be done deliberately to overcome the problem of the high oestrogen content of some older strains in established pastures. However, some of the existing cultivars have aggressive growth characteristics, and may not be easy to replace. Identification of competitive characteristics and competition between strains needs examination. Three cultivars (Larisa, Yarloop and Woogenellup) were grown alone and in mixtures at three temperature levels and either at field capacity or at below 50% of field capacity in glasshouse trials. Larisa appeared to be suppressed …
Some Questions On Evaluating The Role Of Shoot And Root Competition By Partition Technique, T Yamada
Some Questions On Evaluating The Role Of Shoot And Root Competition By Partition Technique, T Yamada
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of soil and aerial partitions separating shoot and root competition on plant weight of competing species were compared between the experimental data in six studies previously reported by some authors. Soil partition was found to be mainly operative in five experiments using two grass species so that a winner species can be promoted in growth while a loser species suppressed. In one study, in which a grass-clover combination was used, in contrast, aerial partition was effective in promoting the growth of a winner and in suppressing that of a loser. Corresponding to these effects, in general, plant weights …
Analysis And Simulation Of Competition Between Clover And Grass In Mixed Pastures, Tony R.O Field, P Roger Ball
Analysis And Simulation Of Competition Between Clover And Grass In Mixed Pastures, Tony R.O Field, P Roger Ball
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Maximum herbage accumulation rates of perennial ryegrass and white clover in monocultures can be predicted fr measurements om of leaf production responses to environmental variables. A model has been developed to take the next step and estimate growth of ryegrass and clover in mixtures using data from monocultures studies. Prediction of competitive dairyfarms. relationships Widespread was required observations as part indicate of an that white investigation clover of in mass mixtures balances is for often nitrogen severely (N) in constrained mixed by pastures its on companion New Zealandgrasses.
The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments, Henry A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren
The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments, Henry A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage growth and consumption, and animal performance were estimated in two beef steer (Bos sp.) backgrounding experiments concurrently with several environmental, plant, and animal characteristics. This paper describes, evaluates and validates a technique that combines the dynamic changes in species composition of grass-legume pastures over time into a Species Composition Index (SCI). This index then can be related to the effects of year, season, grazing pressure, forage quality, precipitation, and air temperature on forage growth and consumption, and animal performance. The SCI was compared to the traditional classification variable 'treatment' to describe seven different pasture conbinations of forage species for …
Root Competition And Productivity In Mono-And Binary Association Of Four Forage Species, Ho-Jin Lee, Myeong-Je Cho
Root Competition And Productivity In Mono-And Binary Association Of Four Forage Species, Ho-Jin Lee, Myeong-Je Cho
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the root system and forage production in intra- and inter-specific stands of four forage crops; orchard grass, smooth bromegrass, ladino clover, and alfalfa. Crop competitions were noticed from early growth stage and affected to crop growth and forage production significantly. Orchardgrass was the most aggressive species and ladino clover the least. But mixture of orchardgrass-ladino clover had the highest forage production and the highest root density at the end of first-year-growth. In the evaluation of general competition ability (GCA), orchardgrass with the highest GCA was more dominant in root competition than in shoot. …