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Articles 301 - 330 of 1653
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Aspects Of Indicator Plants As Criteria For Grassland Development In Wetland, N Nishimura, T Suyama, N Ohga
Aspects Of Indicator Plants As Criteria For Grassland Development In Wetland, N Nishimura, T Suyama, N Ohga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to decide the critical conditions for grassland development in wetland, we attempted to pick out indicator plants from grassland species. The five investigation sites used were prepared pastures containing moorland situated in the cool-temperate zone. As a result of 426 observations using one-square-meter quadrats, 316 species were confirmed. Using these findings the relationships between floristic composition and soil moisture conditions were analyzed by environmental gradient analysis. The following moisture gradient was observed in the order of species from mesophytic place to humid place; Paa pratensis - Dactylis glomerata - Trifolium repens - Juncus effusus - Scripus wichurae - …
A Simulation Study On Effects Of Heifer Excreta On Herbage Yields And Potassium Uptake In Grazing Pasture, T Hakamata
A Simulation Study On Effects Of Heifer Excreta On Herbage Yields And Potassium Uptake In Grazing Pasture, T Hakamata
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two models (a potassium cycling model and an excreta! spatial dispersion model) were constructed to clarify how biased dispersion of potassium(K) and herbage yields occur in a pasture. 18 cases [ ( unexcreted + (urine, dung) x 4 excreted months) x (grass + legume)] were simulated by the K cycling model to obtain standing crops of K and herbage at the end of a growing season. The standing crops per 1 m2 were calculated on all the quadrats in the pasture by using the excreta! dispersion model. The standing crops in each of 18 cases were assumed to be normally …
Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia, E D. Carter, A Lake
Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia, E D. Carter, A Lake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The self-regenerating annual legumes mainly the medics (Medicago spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium spp.) are vital for maintaining the nitrogen economy of some 40 million hectares of crop and pasture land in Australia. However, new pests and diseases and poor management practices have caused serious decline of these annual legumes in many districts. In recent years a research program to identify the main factors causing legume decline has been started at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute. This research involves (i) studies of seed-seedling dynamics of the annual species of medics in the cereal-livestock zone (350-500mm annual rainfall) where legumes· are …
Population Regulations Of Rhode Grass (Chloris Gayana) Varieties In Sward Conditions, M Kataoka, K Ibaraki, H Tokunaga
Population Regulations Of Rhode Grass (Chloris Gayana) Varieties In Sward Conditions, M Kataoka, K Ibaraki, H Tokunaga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to appreciate how population regulation of grass varieties occur in sward conditions, seven varieties of Rhodes grass were sown at four densities and grown with four cuttings during the first year, and records were taken of the density of surviving genets, the density of tillers, the mean genet weight and the mean tiller weight. During the experiment the two density-dependent processes of population regulation were observed, viz, densitydependent mortality of genets and density-dependent tillering of surviving genets. As results of these processes, tiller density converged towards a value characteristic of the variety but nearly free from influence of …
Biological Efficiency Of Alpine Kobresia Grassland And Its Improved Semi-Artificial And Artificial Grasslands, Hu Zizhi, Sun Jixiong, Zhang Zihe, Zhang Yinsheng, Xu Changlin
Biological Efficiency Of Alpine Kobresia Grassland And Its Improved Semi-Artificial And Artificial Grasslands, Hu Zizhi, Sun Jixiong, Zhang Zihe, Zhang Yinsheng, Xu Changlin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies of phytomass and solar energy conversion efficiency were made on native alpine Kobresia grassland and its improved semi-artificial and artificial grasslands during June 20 to November 20, 1981, at Tianzhu Alpine Grassland Experiment Station of Gansu Agricultural University, China. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Aboveground total phytomass (standing green + standing dead + litter) of Kobresia grassland was the smallest and artificial grassland largest. On the contrary, underground total phytomass (live roots+ dead roots) of Kobresia grassland was the largest and artificial grassland smallest. Aboveground and underground total phytomass of Kobresia grassland was the largest, semi-artificial grassland …
Pasture Renovation: The Effect Of Cultivation On The Productivity And Nitrogen Cycling Of A Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Pasture, T.W G. Graham, R.J K. Myers, J W. Doran, V R. Catchpoole, G B. Robbins
Pasture Renovation: The Effect Of Cultivation On The Productivity And Nitrogen Cycling Of A Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Pasture, T.W G. Graham, R.J K. Myers, J W. Doran, V R. Catchpoole, G B. Robbins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Initially vigorous improved grass pastures sown without legume in cleared forest country decline in productivity within five years. Perennial grass pastures become nitrogen (N) deficient with time because N accumlates in less available forms of plant and microbial origin and because additional mineralization of humic N does not occur. Rundown pastures can be rejuvenated by applying N fertilizer but more economical renovation options are sought. Options evaluated in this experiment were-disc ploughing once, 3-month cultivated fallow and resow, discing and oversowing a legume, N fertilizer and spring burning. In old buffel grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures large reserves of …
The Effect Of The Rate Of Precipitation And Heat On The Crop Of Grassland, I Vinczeffy
The Effect Of The Rate Of Precipitation And Heat On The Crop Of Grassland, I Vinczeffy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Our 3-6-year fertilizer experiments aiming at the foundation of a water saving grassland management technology showed various crops in different years. In order to find out the reasons, in 1973 an experiment of several years was started with the mixture of 6 grasses and 2 papilionaceae. The results of the years between 1974-1982 were classified. We established that among our conditions precipitation has a great influence on the seasonal and annual crop of grassland. From the point of view of precipitation, the word "year" is considered as a period between 16th October and 15th October. Temperature has an effect, too, …
Some Trials To Establish A Mixture Of Tall Fescue And Bahiagrass In Warmer Region Of Kyushu, M Ueno, Y Sugimoto, M Hirata
Some Trials To Establish A Mixture Of Tall Fescue And Bahiagrass In Warmer Region Of Kyushu, M Ueno, Y Sugimoto, M Hirata
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In order to extend growing season and to increase annual production of pastures in southern part of Kyushu where warm and humid summers alternate cold winters, authors attempted to seed a mixture of cool- and warm-season pasture species. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) were sown in spring and autumn to form monoculture and mixture swards. Tall fescue started growth earlier and produced maximum yield in spring, while bahiagrass yielded much during early summer to autumn. In the mixture, combined yield of two species was between two monocultures, but total annual yield was less …
Pasture Improvement In Several South Pacific Islands, B Toutain
Pasture Improvement In Several South Pacific Islands, B Toutain
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Summary of past and present studies by French organizations of agronomic research regarding the establishment and management of tropical pastures. A review of stages for pasture improvement on several islands in the South Pacific and suggested future management needs for various tropical pasture species. Final results would give producers in developing countries a choise of species with its associated management, depending on the amount of inputs contributed by the grower.
Impact Matrix Analysis Method For Grassland Development- Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (6), S Idzumi, T Tsujii, Y Asahida
Impact Matrix Analysis Method For Grassland Development- Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (6), S Idzumi, T Tsujii, Y Asahida
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A simple matrix analysis method for environmental impact assessment was proposed. Environmental changes might be closely linked with result from direct or indirect action of development. Twenty-four impact items and fourty-five influenced items were picked up and scored. Influence for each item was given by 3 classes score. Development of grassland, agricultural remodeling of the land, resulted in a reduction of natural community. Conservation of natural condition, including woods, peatland and river, effects finally state of the grassland. Early check on the grassland development is highly appreciated.
Historical Aspect On Grassland Development In Hokkaido - Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (4), M Saito, Y Asahida
Historical Aspect On Grassland Development In Hokkaido - Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (4), M Saito, Y Asahida
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Agricultural development in Hokkaido began in the late 1860s' and has been remarkably advancing under intensive official support. Most of the grassland development has taken place over the last two decades while upland and rice fields were primarily developed by World War II. Today, approximately a century later, grassland, the majority of which is distributed in the eastern and northern regions, makes up the largest area of farmland and comprises 79% of the national total. Grassland is primarily used for cattle production. The level of grassland-based farming has rapidly risen to that of the EC nations. Further development of the …
Land Clearing For Grassland Establishment In Hokkaido - Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (3)-, T Akazawa, Y Asahida
Land Clearing For Grassland Establishment In Hokkaido - Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (3)-, T Akazawa, Y Asahida
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Most of the cultivated grassland in Hokkaido has been developed by mechanized work. Land clearing is first conducted using the working method suitable to remove natural obstacles, and it even influences the types of grassland use as well as the succeeding works, because of the top soil disturbance and carriage or the improvement of original slope. In this paper, these essential points are discussed.
Natural Grassland In Hokkaido - Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (2), T Tsujii, Y Asahida
Natural Grassland In Hokkaido - Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (2), T Tsujii, Y Asahida
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Histoty, type and present condition of natural grassland in Hokkaido are described briefly. And some climatological and human impact problems are discussed. Sufficient rainfall, especially heavy snow supports the existence and development of many types of natural grassland community. Rapidly development of artificial grassland and reform of arableland sometimes caused big influence to natural grassland.
Climate And Hydrology Related To Grassland In Hokkaido- Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (1), H Takahashi, Y Umeda, Y Asahida
Climate And Hydrology Related To Grassland In Hokkaido- Development Of Grassland In The Snowy, Cold Region In Japan (1), H Takahashi, Y Umeda, Y Asahida
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seasonal and regional aspects of climate and water balance in Hokkaido are described briefly. And some climatological and hydrological problems are discussed in relating to developments of grassland. Detail analysis of depth of snow cover and daily mean temperature indicated that the growing season of grass is restricted by these two climatological elements in Hokkaido. Seasonal change of water balance calculated from meteorological factors suggested that water supplied by precipitation overflows the grassland in late autumn and early spring. Especially, melted snow supplies a large quantity of water to the grassland in short time. These are considerable problems for the …
The Results On Loosening Soil To Improve Fringed Sagebrush Grassland In Inner Mongolia, Ma Zhi Guang
The Results On Loosening Soil To Improve Fringed Sagebrush Grassland In Inner Mongolia, Ma Zhi Guang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The program of loosening soil to improve grassland has been extensively studied for six years in the semiarid part of central Mongolia, especially on fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida Willd.) grassland which had already been deteriorated by beef cattle grazing. A detailed program was carried out from 1978 to 1984 involving the measurement of soil volume weight, soil water content, vegetative succession as well as forage production after soil loosened. It was shown that after six years study, the vegetation had changed from fringed sagebrush grassland to steppe grassland dominated by Stipa spp., and Agropyron cristatum. Forage yield increased by …
An Information Of The Improvement Of The Sandy Pastures In Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region Through Aerial Seeding, You Ke-Ming, Hou Yong-Zhang
An Information Of The Improvement Of The Sandy Pastures In Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region Through Aerial Seeding, You Ke-Ming, Hou Yong-Zhang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, there are lots of sandy lands where the population rate is rather low. The renovation of these sandy lands through aerial seeding into better pastures is an important task of the local economical construction and state land repairing. In recent years, we carried out the aerial seeding in the different types of sandy lands in Nei Monggol Autonomous Region. The total acreage seeded accounts to 0.2 million ha. Generally, three years after an aerial seeding, almost 30-50% of mobile sand dunes and semi-fixed dunes in all seeded districts have been fixed. The coverage of the …
Pasture Improvement By Aerial Seeding In China, Huang Wenhui, Li Huilan
Pasture Improvement By Aerial Seeding In China, Huang Wenhui, Li Huilan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Artificial improved pastures have been developed rapidly since 1979 in all regions of China. There were totally about 860,000 hectares (ha) in 1980, and the estimated area in 1985 is 6,660,000 ha. The expected acreage will be 33,330,000 ha fifteen years later, i.e. in the year of 2000. Certain portions of these pastures were established by means of aerial seeding. It amounted 430,000 ha over 120 counties in 22 provinces between year 1979-1984. The prospect of this aerial seeding seems promising in the sparsely populated North-western and South-western vast areas as well as in the hilly regions of central China. …
On The Improvement Of Natural Meadow By Using Shepherding Fences, Wang Ching Jui, Cao Xi Min
On The Improvement Of Natural Meadow By Using Shepherding Fences, Wang Ching Jui, Cao Xi Min
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The shepherding fence is an effective measure for mankind to make reasonable use of the animal factor to influence and transform the plant community on the subalpine meadow, to achieve the cultivation of the meadow in a direction-finding way and to increase the productivity of the meadow. It can enable us to use animals to cultivate grasses, promote the growth of the grasses for livestock, and lengthen the utilizing seasons of the meadow. Our six-year experiments and researches have proved that the shepherding fence can increase the output of the unit area on the meadow by 4.5-7 times.
Effect Of Italian Ryegrass Establishment Methods Of Yield, Herbage Quality And Soil Compaction, H T. Kunelius, M R. Carter, K B. Mcrae
Effect Of Italian Ryegrass Establishment Methods Of Yield, Herbage Quality And Soil Compaction, H T. Kunelius, M R. Carter, K B. Mcrae
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a summer annual in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada and reseeding in spring is necessary for maintaining productive swards. Intensive cultivation and seeding method of Italian ryegrass was compared with four direct seeding techniques in four three-year experiments on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam soil, at two sites, on Prince Edward Island. Dry matter yields of ryegrass were similar for direct seeding and seeding cultivated seed bed for the first two years. Some yield advantage was recorded when direct seeded ryegrass followed barley in the third year. Total nitrogen concentration in tissue …
Raising Efficiency Of Solar Energy Utilization By Tall Fescye (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) Through Optimization Of Nutritive, Water Regimes And Clipping Frequency, V P. Spasov, D S. Kornyshev
Raising Efficiency Of Solar Energy Utilization By Tall Fescye (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) Through Optimization Of Nutritive, Water Regimes And Clipping Frequency, V P. Spasov, D S. Kornyshev
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Agroclimatic resourses of the North-West of the USSR allow to produce up to 10 t/ha of grasses dry matter and to accumulate up to 2.4% of photosynthetic active radiation (PhAR) in the yield for vegetation period. We proved experimentally the possibility of increasing yielding capacity up to 16 t/ha of dry matter and PhAR indices up to 3% through establishment of tall fescue Occidental grass stands with 1900-2000 shoots per m2, optimization of nutritive (N480 P130 K360), water (0.75 MVC-1.0 MWC) regimes and through clipping frequency (3 cuts). During vegetation period, such grass stands had a powerful assimilation mechanism: leaf …
Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Paspalum Notatum And Cumulative Effect Of Defoliation, M Hirakawa, T Okubo, R Kayama
Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Paspalum Notatum And Cumulative Effect Of Defoliation, M Hirakawa, T Okubo, R Kayama
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two experiments were conducted. Seasonal variation of dry matter production and growth of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) including vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) were investigated in Exp. 1 (Field Exp.). The effects of clipping frequency and nitrogen application levels on the regrowth of bahiagrass in association with grazing intensity was observed in Exp. 2 (Pot Exp.). In Exp. 1, the pasture was rotationally grazed by 9 or 6 beef cattle and botanical composition, intake, daily gain and number of tillers were determined. The pasture was dominated by vetch and Italian ryegrass in …
Winter And Spring Growth Variability Of Grazed Permanent Meadow: The Case Of The Pyrenees Mountains, M Duru
Winter And Spring Growth Variability Of Grazed Permanent Meadow: The Case Of The Pyrenees Mountains, M Duru
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Central Pyrenees, winter and early spring growth of permanent meadows provides available feed for flocks. Therefore, we studied the main factors of variation of this growth (soil fertility level, nitrogen fertilization, climate, ... ) to improve pasture availability. During three winters and springs, we measured the growth on three plots of different fertility level (0.108 % - 0.045 % - 0.018 % P205 Dyer) at an altitude of 1250 m. We set a value on growth by measuring cumulated dry matter every three weeks (or less often it there was snow) from November to April. The harvested dry …
Factors Affecting Productivity And Compositional Stability Of Artemisia Steppes In Idaho And Utah, Usa., Kimball T. Harper, Carol Schoener Climer
Factors Affecting Productivity And Compositional Stability Of Artemisia Steppes In Idaho And Utah, Usa., Kimball T. Harper, Carol Schoener Climer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Long-term average annual production is significantly and positively correlated with average precipitation and soil nitrogen and potassium. Annual variations in production are more closely correlated with community complexity than with variation in precipitation. Year-to-year variability in composition of the standing crop at a specific site appears to be more strongly affected by species divesity than by variation in precipitation.
Responses Of Two Pasture Grasses To Each Other And To Soil Depth And Fertilizer, Charles D. Bonham
Responses Of Two Pasture Grasses To Each Other And To Soil Depth And Fertilizer, Charles D. Bonham
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Responses of two perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron inerme) and big bluegrass (Poa ampla), to competition were studied in a reseeded, disturbed area. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were added to topsoil depths of 30 and 90 cm. The objective was to determine effects of competition, between the two grasses, on forage production. Amount of forage produced was also evaluated with respect to fertilizer and depth of topsoil in combination with competition. The two species were studied as pairs of individual plants. Each pair was either a monoculture or biculture. Three stages of phenology for species represented …
Influence Of Superphosphate Fertilization Of Natural Pasture On Botanical Composition In Southwest Spain, M Martin Bellido, Josefa T. Perez Corcho, V Moreno Cruz
Influence Of Superphosphate Fertilization Of Natural Pasture On Botanical Composition In Southwest Spain, M Martin Bellido, Josefa T. Perez Corcho, V Moreno Cruz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A trial was designed to study the effect of superphosphate fertilizatio,n:()f native pasture on the botanical composition and its evolution in a semiarid Mediterranean climate of Southwest Spain. Vegetation was studied during three years (1982, 1983 and 1984) at the end of the growing period of each year, being pasture grazed by beef cows in a stocking rate of 0.23 cow/ha. No effect of phosphorus fertilization on botanical composition was found the second year of study coincident with a year of low precipitation. When precipitation was higher than average in the third year; the increment of legumes in fertilized pasture …
Mutual Influence Of Temperate Legumes And Grasses Grown In Association At Different Nitrogen Levels, E Meister, J Lehmann
Mutual Influence Of Temperate Legumes And Grasses Grown In Association At Different Nitrogen Levels, E Meister, J Lehmann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In grass/legume associations white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) contribute significantly to the nutritive value of such mixtures. Compared to Italian ryegrass (Lolium italicum), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata ), the legumes have an inherently higher content of protein, magnesium and calcium. In addition they indirectly help to improve the quality (protein and mineral content) of the companion grass, presumably over a nitrogen transfer from the legume to the grass partner: On the other hand, the chemical composition of these …
Advantages And Management Of Grass-Legume Associations In Forage Production, J Lehmann, E Meister
Advantages And Management Of Grass-Legume Associations In Forage Production, J Lehmann, E Meister
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The quality and forage yield of grass/legume associations is higher than in pure grass stands, with comparable nitrogen inputs. During a 180 day growing season, 10 - 15 t/ha of forage dry matter can be produced with less than 150 kg fertilizer nitrogen. Forage from mixed swards has a higher energy and protein content and a better balanced mineral composition. Both the high content of digestible organic matter and the legumes have a positive influence on the dry matter, energy and protein intake of the cows and the amount of milk these can produce therefrom. The decrease in quality with …
The Introduction Of Legumes Into A Degraded Cultivated Pasture In The Cerrados Of Brazil, W Couto, G G. Leite, A O. Barcellos
The Introduction Of Legumes Into A Degraded Cultivated Pasture In The Cerrados Of Brazil, W Couto, G G. Leite, A O. Barcellos
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Low productivity and poor feeding value of native pastures and improved pure grass pastures during the dry season, are responsible for low beef cattle performance in the Cerrados. Legume introduction into native pastures increases forage yield and feed quality but requires land clearing and fertilizer application. Introduction of legumes into old Brachiaria pastures offers a higher forage yield potential and can use previously applied fertilizer. Two planting methods, (i) over-sowing after light soil surface disturbance and (ii) sodseeding in rows 35 cm apart, were equally effective in terms of number of plants established in an eight years old Brachiaria ruziziensis …
Factors Affecting Weed Invasion In Pasture Of Co-Operative Livestock Farms In Japan, M Nashiki, T Nomoto, R Meguro, K Sato
Factors Affecting Weed Invasion In Pasture Of Co-Operative Livestock Farms In Japan, M Nashiki, T Nomoto, R Meguro, K Sato
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Weed invasion is a most serious problem, causing severe pasture deterioration, in Japan. Knowledge of the natural and man made conditions most favorable to weed invasion would be useful for controlling these noxious invaders by cultural or chemical methods. This study points out the major harmful weeds and the conditions under which they can easily invade and impair pasture production, as ascertained from data obtained by a survey conducted in 1981. All farms responding were classified for presence or absence of each weed species within the category of factors such as air temperature and so on. The survey data indicates …
Phytosociological Diagnosis Of Sown Pastures By Weed Species Group, S Okuda, S Kawanabe, H Sakai
Phytosociological Diagnosis Of Sown Pastures By Weed Species Group, S Okuda, S Kawanabe, H Sakai
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results of a phytosociological study on weed communities of sown pastures were applied for the diagnosis of pasture conditions. Weed communities were closely related with site conditions and successional stage, and species groups were identified as indicators for the diagnosis of pasture conditions. The chenopodietea group which appeared in xerotic sites and the Bidentetea group which appeared in mesic sites indicated the initial stage of pasture development or pasture disturbed by overgrazing. These two groups appeared at the eutrophic site. The Artemisietea and Plantaginetea groups indicated the second stage of pasture development, and it was considered that the presence of …