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Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

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Articles 121 - 150 of 163

Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences

Recurrent Selection With Low Herbicide Rates And Salt Stress Decrease Sensitivity Of Echinochloa Colona To Imidazolinone, Lariza Benedetti, Vivian Ebeling Viana, Pamela Carvalho-Moore, Vinicios Rafael Gehrke, Gustavo Maia Souza, Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo, Luis Antonio De Avila, Nilda Roma-Burgos Mar 2021

Recurrent Selection With Low Herbicide Rates And Salt Stress Decrease Sensitivity Of Echinochloa Colona To Imidazolinone, Lariza Benedetti, Vivian Ebeling Viana, Pamela Carvalho-Moore, Vinicios Rafael Gehrke, Gustavo Maia Souza, Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo, Luis Antonio De Avila, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Weeds represent an increasing challenge for crop systems since they have evolved adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, such as salinity stress. Herbicide effectiveness can be altered by the quality of water in which the weed is growing. This research aimed to study the combined effect of salt stress and recurrent selection with a sublethal dose of imidazolinone herbicides in the shifting of the sensitivity of Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (junglerice) to imidazolinone herbicides. This study was divided into two experiments; in experiment I, three recurrent selection cycles were conducted in Pelotas/RS/Brazil with imazapic + imazapyr at 0.125× the field rate; …

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Mechanism Of Resistance To S-Metolachlor In Palmer Amaranth, Gulab Rangani, Matheus M. Noguera, Reiofeli Algodon Salas-Perez, Lariza Benedetti, Nilda Roma-Burgos Mar 2021

Mechanism Of Resistance To S-Metolachlor In Palmer Amaranth, Gulab Rangani, Matheus M. Noguera, Reiofeli Algodon Salas-Perez, Lariza Benedetti, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Herbicides are major tools for effective weed management. The evolution of resistance to herbicides in weedy species, especially contributed by non-target-site-based resistance (NTSR) is a worrisome issue in crop production globally. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is one of the extremely difficult weeds in southern US crop production. In this study, we present the level and molecular basis of resistance to the chloroacetamide herbicide, S-metolachlor, in six field-evolved A. palmeri populations that had survivors at the recommended field-dose (1.1 kg ai ha−1). These samples were collected in 2014 and 2015. The level of resistance was …

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Fecundity And Seed Dormancy Variation Within And Among Echinochloa Species, Hussain Tahir, Nilda Roma-Burgos Feb 2021

Fecundity And Seed Dormancy Variation Within And Among Echinochloa Species, Hussain Tahir, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Echinochloa genus contains two of the world's top five worst weeds. The persistence and weediness of Echinochloa spp. are partly due to its seed longevity and variable seed dormancy. In the USA, specifically in Arkansas, multiple species infest the same field in many cases. Persistence could vary across species and dormancy affects infestation level. Studies were conducted to evaluate the seed production potential and dormancy of Echinochloa species in the State. Ninety-four accessions were characterized in a common garden in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. The species were Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, E. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, E. muricata P. …

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Evaluation Of Preemergence Herbicide Programs For Control Of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Resistant Amaranthus Palmeri In Soybean, Michael M. Houston, L. Tom Barber, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trent L. Roberts Feb 2021

Evaluation Of Preemergence Herbicide Programs For Control Of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Resistant Amaranthus Palmeri In Soybean, Michael M. Houston, L. Tom Barber, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trent L. Roberts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase- (PPO-) resistant Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats. (Palmer amaranth) was confirmed in Arkansas in 2015. Field trials were conducted in Crawfordsville, Gregory, and Marion, Arkansas in 2016, and Crawfordsville and Marion in 2017, assessing PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth control options in Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean). Twelve trials consisted of 26 preemergence (PRE) treatments, evaluated for Palmer amaranth control and density reduction at 28 days after treatment (DAT). Treatments that consisted of PPO- or acetolactate synthase- (ALS-) inhibiting herbicides such as flumioxazin (72 g ai ha−1) or sulfentrazone + cloransulam (195 g ha−1 + 25 g ha …

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Developing A Post-Season Tissue Test For Rice Nitrogen Management, Kyle A. Hoegenauer, Trenton L. Roberts, Jarrod T. Hardke, Carrie C. Ortel, Nathan A. Slaton Jan 2021

Developing A Post-Season Tissue Test For Rice Nitrogen Management, Kyle A. Hoegenauer, Trenton L. Roberts, Jarrod T. Hardke, Carrie C. Ortel, Nathan A. Slaton

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

No post-season analysis method currently exists for rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine whether N was managed properly during the growing season. Our primary research objective was to determine whether post-season, rice stem N concentrations can be used to predict if sufficient or excessive N was available. Aboveground biomass samples were taken from N response trials at harvest. Stalks were separated into 5-cm segments starting at the soil surface and extending upward to 45 cm. One-half of the samples had all of the leaf material (leaves and leaf sheaths) removed, whereas the other half remained intact. All samples were analyzed …

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Earthworm Differences Among Mound Positions In Native Prairies In The Ozark Highlands, Carlee D. Hensley, Kristofor R. Brye, Mary C. Savin, Lisa S. Wood, Edward E. Gbur Jan 2021

Earthworm Differences Among Mound Positions In Native Prairies In The Ozark Highlands, Carlee D. Hensley, Kristofor R. Brye, Mary C. Savin, Lisa S. Wood, Edward E. Gbur

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mounded, tallgrass prairie ecosystems are a unique, endangered ecosystem due to severe disturbance for agricultural production and/or urban expansion. Limited research exists on earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) dynamics in mounded, tallgrass prairies, particularly in the Ozark Highlands region of northwestern Arkansas. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of soil moisture regime (SMR), landscape position (LP), and sample date on earthworm densities in the top 20 cm of soil in two mounded, native prairies in the Ozark Highlands region of northwestern Arkansas. Juvenile and total earthworm densities were five times greater (P < .05) in the udic- and aquic-inter-mound combinations than any other SMR-LP combination in October 2018 and May 2019, respectively. Adult earthworm densities were two times greater (P < .05) in the aquic-inter-mound at Searles Prairie than any other SMR-LP combination in either mounded prairie. Juvenile earthworm densities were three times greater (P < .05) in May 2019 than in May 2018 at Chesney Prairie, but adult and total earthworm density did not change over the same period of time. Combined across all data, juvenile and total earthworm densities were positively correlated (P …

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Characterizing Expansiveness And Iron Reducibility Of Red-Clay Soils For The Purpose Of On-Site Wastewater System Placement In Arkansas, Bailey Darnell, Kristofor R. Brye, Larry T. West, Lisa S. Wood, David M. Miller Jan 2021

Characterizing Expansiveness And Iron Reducibility Of Red-Clay Soils For The Purpose Of On-Site Wastewater System Placement In Arkansas, Bailey Darnell, Kristofor R. Brye, Larry T. West, Lisa S. Wood, David M. Miller

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The lack of iron-reducing capability in some red soils poses an issue for determining the suitability for on-site wastewater treatment systems (OSWWTS). The Arkansas Department of Health allows for placement of OSWWTS in certain red-clay soils that have the potential for iron reduction and do not show expansiveness upon wetting, but only in the Ozark Highlands (Major Land Resource Area [MLRA] 116A), which is referred to as the red-soil exception. The objectives of this study were (a) to confirm the nonexpansiveness and iron reducibility of select soils in the Ozark Highlands that meet the criteria for the red-soil exception, and …

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Earthworm Density Differences Among Tallgrass Prairies Over Time In The Ozark Highlands, Carlee Hensley, Kristofor R. Brye, Mary C. Savin, Edward E. Gbur, Lisa S. Wood Jan 2021

Earthworm Density Differences Among Tallgrass Prairies Over Time In The Ozark Highlands, Carlee Hensley, Kristofor R. Brye, Mary C. Savin, Edward E. Gbur, Lisa S. Wood

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

To mitigate the loss of tallgrass prairies through fragmentation and conversion to other land uses, prairie restoration efforts have been undertaken to reclaim areas that have been previously used for agricultural production. Earthworms are a key component of the soil ecology of natural, undisturbed ecosystems. However, limited research exists on earthworm populations in prairie restorations and how earthworm densities may change over time. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate earthworm densities in the upper 20 cm of soil over time (i.e., May 2007 and May 2019) in a native prairie and chronosequence of three prairie restorations (i.e., …

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Evaluation Of Corn Herbicide Programs With And Without Atrazine, Jason K. Norsworthy, Jacob Thomas Richburg, L. Tom Barber, Trenton Roberts, Edward Gbur Jan 2021

Evaluation Of Corn Herbicide Programs With And Without Atrazine, Jason K. Norsworthy, Jacob Thomas Richburg, L. Tom Barber, Trenton Roberts, Edward Gbur

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Atrazine is a foundational herbicide in corn (Zea mays L.) because of its broad-spectrum weed control and utility for pre-emergence or postemergence applications. Extensive atrazine use has led to traces in groundwater, surface water, and aquifers. This research explored corn herbicide regimes with little or no atrazine. Pre-emergence herbicide treatments [S-metolachlor (0.955 lb acre–1); saflufenacil (0.054 oz acre–1) plus dimethenamid-P (0.473 lb acre–1)] and postemergence herbicide mixtures [bicyclopyrone (0.040 lb acre–1) plus mesotrione (0.161 lb acre–1) plus S-metolachlor (1.429 lb acre–1); thiencarbazone-methyl (0.013 lb …

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Effect Of Planting Date And Cultivar Maturity In Edamame Quality And Harvest Window, David Octor Moseley, Marcos Da Silva, Leandro Mozzoni, Moldir Orazaly, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Andrea Acuna, Chengjun Wu, Pengyin Chen Jan 2021

Effect Of Planting Date And Cultivar Maturity In Edamame Quality And Harvest Window, David Octor Moseley, Marcos Da Silva, Leandro Mozzoni, Moldir Orazaly, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Andrea Acuna, Chengjun Wu, Pengyin Chen

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Edamame is a food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that is harvested immature between the R6 and R7 reproductive stages. To be labeled as a premium product, the edamame market demands large pod size and intense green color. A staggered harvest season is critical for the commercial industry to post-harvest process the crop in a timely manner. Currently, there is little information to assist in predicting the optimum time to harvest edamame when the pods are at their collective largest size and greenest color. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of cultivar, planting date, and …

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Wastewater-Recovered Struvite Effects On Total Extractable Phosphorus Compared With Other Phosphorus Sources, Ryder Anderson, Kristofor R. Brye, Lauren Greenlee, Trenton L. Roberts, Edward Gbur Jan 2021

Wastewater-Recovered Struvite Effects On Total Extractable Phosphorus Compared With Other Phosphorus Sources, Ryder Anderson, Kristofor R. Brye, Lauren Greenlee, Trenton L. Roberts, Edward Gbur

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Intentional precipitation of the phosphorus (P)-containing mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) is an attractive option in sustainable water management due to the ability to recover P from various waste sources. Limited research has assessed struvite's potential as a fertilizer P source in agronomic soils compared with other conventional fertilizer P sources under flooded soil conditions, common for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate total extractable soil P over time from a wastewater-recovered struvite (ST) material in a plant-less soil incubation with two silt-loam (SiL) and a silty …

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Molecular And Physiological Responses Of Rice And Weedy Rice To Heat And Drought Stress, Leonard Bonilha Piveta, Nilda Roma-Burgos, Jose Alberto Noldin, Vivian Ebeling Viana, Claudia De Oliveira, Fabiane Pinto Lamego, Luis Antonio De Avila Jan 2021

Molecular And Physiological Responses Of Rice And Weedy Rice To Heat And Drought Stress, Leonard Bonilha Piveta, Nilda Roma-Burgos, Jose Alberto Noldin, Vivian Ebeling Viana, Claudia De Oliveira, Fabiane Pinto Lamego, Luis Antonio De Avila

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rice is the staple food for about half of the world population. Rice grain yield and quality are affected by climatic changes. Arguably, rice cultivars’ genetic diversity is diminished from decades of breeding using narrow germplasm, requiring introgressions from other Oryza species, weedy or wild. Weedy rice has high genetic diversity, which is an essential resource for rice crop improvement. Here, we analyzed the phenotypic, physiological, and molecular profiles of two rice cultivars (IRGA 424 and SCS119 Rubi) and five weedy rice (WR), from five different Brazilian regions, in response to heat and drought stress. Drought and heat stress affected …

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Seed-Shattering Phenology At Soybean Harvest Of Economically Important Weeds In Multiple Regions Of The United States. Part 2: Grass Species, Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro, Lovreet S. Shergill, Jeffrey A. Evans, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Shawn C. Beam, Mandy Bish, Jason A. Bond, Kevin W. Bradley, William C. Curran, Adam S. Davis, Wesley J. Everman, Michael L. Flessner, Steven C. Haring, Nicholas R. Jordan, John L. Lindquist, Jason K. Norsworthy, Tameka Sanders, Larry E. Steckel, Mark J. Vangessel, Blake Young, Steven B. Mirsky Jan 2021

Seed-Shattering Phenology At Soybean Harvest Of Economically Important Weeds In Multiple Regions Of The United States. Part 2: Grass Species, Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro, Lovreet S. Shergill, Jeffrey A. Evans, Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Shawn C. Beam, Mandy Bish, Jason A. Bond, Kevin W. Bradley, William C. Curran, Adam S. Davis, Wesley J. Everman, Michael L. Flessner, Steven C. Haring, Nicholas R. Jordan, John L. Lindquist, Jason K. Norsworthy, Tameka Sanders, Larry E. Steckel, Mark J. Vangessel, Blake Young, Steven B. Mirsky

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Seed shatter is an important weediness trait on which the efficacy of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) depends. The level of seed shatter in a species is likely influenced by agroecological and environmental factors. In 2016 and 2017, we assessed seed shatter of eight economically important grass weed species in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from crop physiological maturity to 4 wk after maturity at multiple sites spread across 11 states in the southern, northern, and mid-Atlantic United States. From soybean maturity to 4 wk after maturity, cumulative percent seed shatter was lowest in the southern U.S. regions and …

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Electrochemically Precipitated Struvite Effects On Extractable Nutrients Compared With Other Fertilizer-Phosphorus Sources, Ryder Anderson, Kristofor R. Brye, Laszlo Kekedy-Nagy, Lauren Greenlee, Edward Gbur, Trenton Roberts Jan 2021

Electrochemically Precipitated Struvite Effects On Extractable Nutrients Compared With Other Fertilizer-Phosphorus Sources, Ryder Anderson, Kristofor R. Brye, Laszlo Kekedy-Nagy, Lauren Greenlee, Edward Gbur, Trenton Roberts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recovery of struvite, or magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O), from wastewater streams may provide an alternative to traditional P fertilizers. Little research has assessed the behavior of struvite relative to other commercially available, fertilizer-P sources in historically row-cropped soils in the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate total extractable P and other nutrients from electrochemically (ECST) and chemically precipitated struvite (CPST) compared with triple superphosphate (TSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and rock phosphate (RP) in a moist-soil incubation without plants using varying soil textures (loam, silt loam, and …

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Can Soil Phosphorus Sorption Saturation Estimate Future Potential Legacy Phosphorus Sources?, A. N. Sharpley, K. R. Brye, J. M. Burke, L G. Berry, M. B. Daniels, P. Webb Dec 2020

Can Soil Phosphorus Sorption Saturation Estimate Future Potential Legacy Phosphorus Sources?, A. N. Sharpley, K. R. Brye, J. M. Burke, L G. Berry, M. B. Daniels, P. Webb

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Various soil extraction methods are used to indicate plant available P in soil but do not account for soil specific sorption of subsequent applications of P. Thus, estimates of soil phosphorus sorption saturation (PSS; estimated from Mehlich-3 extractable P, Al, and Fe) have been used in conjunction with Mehlich-3 extractable soil phosphorus (M3P) to overcome these limitations. As less is known about the effect of land management on PSS than M3P under field conditions, the effect of field management on PSS was investigated for three pastures over 5 yr (2014-2018). Swine slurry was applied to two fields (Field 1 received …

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Use Of Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl In Non-Flooded Rice Production Systems, Hannah Wright, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts, Robert C. Scott, Jarrod T. Hardke, Edward E. Gbur Nov 2020

Use Of Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl In Non-Flooded Rice Production Systems, Hannah Wright, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts, Robert C. Scott, Jarrod T. Hardke, Edward E. Gbur

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The lack of a flood on rice (Oryza sativa) levees and in furrow-irrigated rice creates a favorable environment for terrestrial weeds like Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) to emerge and quickly overtake the crop for a longer portion of the year than in flooded rice culture. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new auxin herbicide labeled for use in rice that has activity on both grasses and broadleaf weeds, as well as certain sedges. Field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in a non-flooded environment. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at the Lon Mann …

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Response Of Grain Sorghum To Low Rates Of Glufosinate And Nicosulfuron, Hunter Bowman, L. Barber, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts, Jason Kelley, Edward E. Gbur Nov 2020

Response Of Grain Sorghum To Low Rates Of Glufosinate And Nicosulfuron, Hunter Bowman, L. Barber, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts, Jason Kelley, Edward E. Gbur

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous research has shown that glufosinate and nicosulfuron at low rates can cause yield loss to grain sorghum. However, research has not been conducted to pinpoint the growth stage at which these herbicides are most injurious to grain sorghum. Therefore, field tests were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to determine the most sensitive growth stage for grain sorghum exposure to both glufosinate and nicosulfuron. Field test were designed with factor A being the herbicide applied (glufosinate or nicosulfuron). Factor B consisted of timing of herbicide application including V3, V8, flagleaf, heading, and soft dough stages. Factor C was glufosinate or …

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Presence Of The Hppd Inhibitor Sensitive 1 Gene And AlsS653n Mutation In Weedy Oryza Sativa Sensitive To Benzobicyclon, Chad Brabham, Jason K. Norsworthy, Fidel Gonzalez-Torralva Nov 2020

Presence Of The Hppd Inhibitor Sensitive 1 Gene And AlsS653n Mutation In Weedy Oryza Sativa Sensitive To Benzobicyclon, Chad Brabham, Jason K. Norsworthy, Fidel Gonzalez-Torralva

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Benzobicyclon has shown varying results in controlling weedy rice, including those with imidazolinone (IMI) resistance. Tolerance to benzobicyclon in cultivated japonica rice, but not indica or aus-like cultivars, is conferred by a fully functional HPPD Inhibitor Sensitive 1 (HIS1) gene. Herein, a diagnostic Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assay was developed to predict the HIS1 genotype of weedy rice plants from 37 accessions and correlated to their response to benzobicyclon in the field. Two-thirds of the 693 weedy rice plants screened were tolerant to benzobicyclon (371 g ai ha−1, SC formulation) at 30 days after treatment (DAT). …

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15N Fertilizer Recovery And Partitioning By Cover Crops Under Greenhouse Conditions, Kelsey L.H. Grueb, Trenton L. Roberts Nov 2020

15N Fertilizer Recovery And Partitioning By Cover Crops Under Greenhouse Conditions, Kelsey L.H. Grueb, Trenton L. Roberts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cover crops have the potential to decrease residual-nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural soils by capturing and storing excess N between cash crops. This study was established to assess the effect of cover crop species and N rate on the accumulation and partitioning of biomass and 15N fertilizer by cover crops produced under controlled environmental conditions. Cereal rye (Secale cereale) and tillage radish (Raphanus sativus) cover crops were grown in monoculture and in a blend under greenhouse conditions in two soils. Urea enriched with 15N (3.0 atom %) was applied to cover crops at rates …

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Rapid Reduction Of Herbicide Susceptibility In Junglerice By Recurrent Selection With Sublethal Dose Of Herbicides And Heat Stress, Lariza Benedetti, Gulab Rangani, Vivian Ebeling Viana, Pamela Carvalho-Moore, Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo, Luis Antonio De Avila, Nilda Roma-Burgos Nov 2020

Rapid Reduction Of Herbicide Susceptibility In Junglerice By Recurrent Selection With Sublethal Dose Of Herbicides And Heat Stress, Lariza Benedetti, Gulab Rangani, Vivian Ebeling Viana, Pamela Carvalho-Moore, Edinalvo Rabaioli Camargo, Luis Antonio De Avila, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Global climate change, specifically rising temperature, can alter the molecular physiology of weedy plants. These changes affect herbicide efficacy and weed management. This research aimed to investigate the combined effect of heat stress (HS) and sublethal doses of herbicides (four active ingredients) on adaptive gene expression and efficacy of herbicide on Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (junglerice). Three factors were evaluated; factor A was E. colona generation (G0-original population from susceptible standard; G1 and G2 were progenies of recurrent selection), factor B was herbicide treatment (florpyrauxifen-benzyl, glufosinate-ammonium, imazethapyr, quinclorac and nontreated check) and factor C was HS (30 and 45 °C). …

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Seed-Shattering Phenology At Soybean Harvest Of Economically Important Weeds In Multiple Regions Of The United States. Part 1: Broadleaf Species, Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro, Lovreet S. Shergill, Jeffrey A. Evans, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Shawn C. Beam, Mandy Bish, Jason A. Bond, Kevin A. Bradley, William C. Curran, Adam S. Davis, Wesley J. Everman, Michael L. Flessner, Steven C. Haring, Nicholas R. Jordan, Nicholas E. Korres, John L. Lindquist, Jason K. Norsworthy, Tameka Sanders, Larry E. Steckel, Mark J. Vangessel, Blake Young, Steven B. Mirsky Nov 2020

Seed-Shattering Phenology At Soybean Harvest Of Economically Important Weeds In Multiple Regions Of The United States. Part 1: Broadleaf Species, Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro, Lovreet S. Shergill, Jeffrey A. Evans, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Shawn C. Beam, Mandy Bish, Jason A. Bond, Kevin A. Bradley, William C. Curran, Adam S. Davis, Wesley J. Everman, Michael L. Flessner, Steven C. Haring, Nicholas R. Jordan, Nicholas E. Korres, John L. Lindquist, Jason K. Norsworthy, Tameka Sanders, Larry E. Steckel, Mark J. Vangessel, Blake Young, Steven B. Mirsky

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Potential effectiveness of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems depends upon seed shatter of the target weed species at crop maturity, enabling its collection and processing at crop harvest. However, seed retention likely is influenced by agroecological and environmental factors. In 2016 and 2017, we assessed seed-shatter phenology in 13 economically important broadleaf weed species in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from crop physiological maturity to 4 wk after physiological maturity at multiple sites spread across 14 states in the southern, northern, and mid-Atlantic United States. Greater proportions of seeds were retained by weeds in southern latitudes and shatter rate …

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Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated With Canopy Temperature In Soybean, Sumandeep Kaur Bazzer, Larry C. Purcell Oct 2020

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated With Canopy Temperature In Soybean, Sumandeep Kaur Bazzer, Larry C. Purcell

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

A consistent risk for soybean (Glycine max L.) production is the impact of drought on growth and yield. Canopy temperature (CT) is an indirect measure of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and may be valuable in distinguishing differences among genotypes in response to drought. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CT using thermal infrared imaging in a population of recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between KS4895 and Jackson. Heritability of CT was 35% when estimated across environments. QTL analysis identified 11 loci for CT distributed on eight chromosomes that …

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Quality Of Acid-Preserved Edamame Soybean At Immature And Mature Stages, David Octor Moseley, Leandro Mozzoni, Moldir Orazaly, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Pengyin Chen Sep 2020

Quality Of Acid-Preserved Edamame Soybean At Immature And Mature Stages, David Octor Moseley, Leandro Mozzoni, Moldir Orazaly, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Pengyin Chen

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Edamame is a food-grade soybean that is harvested at the green-immature stage (R6) and sold fresh or frozen for consumption after steaming or boiling. Limited studies have been conducted on high-temperature sterilization of edamame in cans and on acid preservation of edamame. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the color retention and texture of edamame when pasteurized in acidic brine as compared to boiling, to assess the effect of sucrose and turmeric addition on acid-treated edamame, and to characterize varietal differences when edamame lines were pasteurized in an acidic brine at either R6 or R8 stage. All studies …

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Physiological And Biochemical Responses Of Two Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Cultivars Differing In Thermotolerance To High Night Temperatures During Anthesis, Dimitra A. Loka, Derrick M. Oosterhuis Sep 2020

Physiological And Biochemical Responses Of Two Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Cultivars Differing In Thermotolerance To High Night Temperatures During Anthesis, Dimitra A. Loka, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Heat stress constitutes a major threat to crop production, and according to climatic projections, night temperatures are expected to increase faster and to a greater extent compared to day temperatures. While extensive research has been dedicated to the effects of higher than optimum day temperatures on cotton physiology, metabolism, and yield, and while heat-tolerant cotton cultivars have been introduced, the responses of such heat-tolerant cultivars to high night temperatures have not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of heat-tolerant cultivars to high night temperatures stress by monitoring the physiological and biochemical responses of two …

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Fate And Transport Of Phosphorus-Containing Land-Applied Swine Slurry In A Karst Watershed, A. N. Sharpley, M. B. Daniels, K. R. Brye, K. Vandevender, J. Burke, L G. Berry, P. Webb Aug 2020

Fate And Transport Of Phosphorus-Containing Land-Applied Swine Slurry In A Karst Watershed, A. N. Sharpley, M. B. Daniels, K. R. Brye, K. Vandevender, J. Burke, L G. Berry, P. Webb

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Phosphorus distribution in pasture soils underlain with karst geology was determined on a 0.10-ha grid in 2014, 2016, and 2018. Two fields (Fields 1 and 12) received swine slurry from a concentrated animal feeding operation, whereas another (Field 5) received mineral fertilizer. All fields were grazed by cattle and periodically hayed. Mean Mehlich-3 extractable P in the top 10 cm increased (p ≤ .05 level) for Fields 1 (59–91 mg kg−1) and 12 (63–122 mg kg−1) between 2014 and 2018, with little change for Field 5 (45–47 mg kg−1). Over the 5-yr monitoring …

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Soil Moisture, Temperature, And Oxidation-Reduction Potential Fluctuations Across A Furrow-Irrigated Rice Field On A Silt-Loam Soil, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor R. Brye, Jordan M. Slayden, Christopher G. Henry, Lisa S. Wood Aug 2020

Soil Moisture, Temperature, And Oxidation-Reduction Potential Fluctuations Across A Furrow-Irrigated Rice Field On A Silt-Loam Soil, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor R. Brye, Jordan M. Slayden, Christopher G. Henry, Lisa S. Wood

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Alternative water management practices for rice (Oryza sativa) production have been developed for water conservation purposes, such as the furrow-irrigated rice production system, which results in variable volumetric water content (VWC), temperature, and oxidation-reduction (redox) potential conditions. The spatial and temporal variations in environmental factors can affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of this field study was to document and evaluate the continuous variations in soil water content, temperature, and redox potential over two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) among site positions (up-, mid-, and down-slope) and tillage treatments [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)] under furrow-irrigated …

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Corn And Soybean Response To Wastewater-Recovered And Other Common Phosphorus Fertilizers, Shane Ylagan, Kristofor R. Brye, Lauren Greenlee Aug 2020

Corn And Soybean Response To Wastewater-Recovered And Other Common Phosphorus Fertilizers, Shane Ylagan, Kristofor R. Brye, Lauren Greenlee

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recycling P from wastewaters may provide a sustainable source of P that could also protect surface water quality from P enrichment. Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a material that can be created from P-containing wastewater and has been shown to have agricultural fertilizer value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST), chemically precipitated struvite (Crystal Green, CG), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), rock phosphate (RP), and triple superphosphate (TSP) on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] response in a 79-d greenhouse …

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Irrigated Soybean Response To Granular Fertilizer Potassium Application Timing, Nathan A. Slaton, Trenton L. Roberts, W. Jeremy Ross, Tyler L. Richmond Aug 2020

Irrigated Soybean Response To Granular Fertilizer Potassium Application Timing, Nathan A. Slaton, Trenton L. Roberts, W. Jeremy Ross, Tyler L. Richmond

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Amelioration of K deficiency during the growing season requires knowledge of critical tissue concentrations and crop yield response to fertilization time. Our objectives were to characterize the yield and uptake responses of K-deficient irrigated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to in-season fertilizer-K application time and rate, evaluate fertilizer-potassium-recovery efficiency (FKRE), and evaluate how leaflet-K concentration responds to K-fertilization time. Six trials were established on silt loam soils. Muriate of potash was applied pre-plant and compared to an equivalent K rate applied post-emergence on six or seven dates. Grain yield, trifoliolate-K concentration, and K uptake were measured. Relative soybean yields …

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Soybean Growth And Incidence Of Soil-Borne Fungi As Influenced By Metribuzin, Grant L. Priess, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts, Terry Neil Spurlock, Edward E. Gbur Jr. Aug 2020

Soybean Growth And Incidence Of Soil-Borne Fungi As Influenced By Metribuzin, Grant L. Priess, Jason K. Norsworthy, Trenton L. Roberts, Terry Neil Spurlock, Edward E. Gbur Jr.

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Soybean injury following an application of metribuzin soon after planting can occur under cool, wet conditions, especially for varieties that lack a high level of tolerance to the herbicide. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville, AR, to evaluate the impacts of metribuzin at 0, 280, 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai ha−1 on soybean growth and incidence of soil-borne fungi. Three classes of metribuzin tolerance (sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant) were evaluated based on a previous screen. In both years, visible injury to soybean was impacted by varietal tolerance and metribuzin rate. As metribuzin rate …

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Water Management Effects On Trace Gas Emissions Under Greenhouse Conditions From Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice In A Silt-Loam Soil, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor R. Brye, Trenton L. Roberts, Shelby G. Lebeau Aug 2020

Water Management Effects On Trace Gas Emissions Under Greenhouse Conditions From Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice In A Silt-Loam Soil, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor R. Brye, Trenton L. Roberts, Shelby G. Lebeau

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Water management regimes influence greenhouse gas emissions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. The objective of this study was to quantify methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) under direct-seeded conditions in the greenhouse to evaluate the effects of water regime on fluxes and growing-season-long emissions. Research was conducted during 2019 using a hybrid rice cultivar (RT 7311 CL) grown in a DeWitt silt loam (Albaqualf). Six plastic tubs, filled with 21 kg of soil and manually seeded, were arranged in a completely random design with two replications of three water regime treatments: i) flooded, …

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