Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Field-Evolved Δg210-Ppo2 From Palmer Amaranth Confers Pre-Emergence Tolerance To Ppo-Inhibitors In Rice And Arabidopsis, Pamela Carvalho-Moore, Gulab Rangani, Ana Claudia Langaro, Vibha Srivastava, Aimone Porri, Steven J. Bowe, Jens Lerchl, Nilda R. Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Resistance to protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibitors in Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus tuberculatus is mainly contributed by mutations in the PPO enzyme, which renders herbicide molecules ineffective. The deletion of glycine210 (ΔG210) is the most predominant PPO mutation. ΔG210-ppo2 is overexpressed in rice (Oryza sativa c. ‘Nipponbare’) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). A foliar assay was conducted on transgenic T1 rice plants with 2× dose of fomesafen (780 g ha−1), showing less injury than the non-transgenic (WT) plants. A soil-based assay conducted with T2 rice seeds confirmed tolerance to fomesafen applied pre-emergence. In agar medium, root growth of WT …

Can Double Ppo Mutations Exist In The Same Allele And Are Such Mutants Functional?, Aimone Porri, Matheus M. Noguera, Michael Betz, Daniel Salinger, Frank Brandle, Steven J. Bowe, Jens Lerchl, Lucie Meyer, Michael Knapp, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

BACKGROUND

Resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides is endowed primarily by target-site mutations at the PPX2 gene that compromise binding of the herbicide to the catalytic domain. In Amaranthus spp. PPX2, the most prevalent target mutations are deletion of the G210 codon, and the R128G and G339A substitutions. These mutations strongly affect the dynamic of the PPO2 binding pocket, resulting in reduced affinity with the ligand. Here we investigated the likelihood of co-occurrence of the most widespread target site mutations in the same PPX2 allele.

RESULTS

Plants carrying R128G+/+ ΔG210+/−, where + indicates presence of the mutation, were crossed …

Utility Of Roller Wiper Applications Of Dicamba For Palmer Amaranth Control In Soybean, Rodger Bruce Farr, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton Roberts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

BACKGROUND

The commercialization of dicamba-resistant soybean has resulted in increased concern for off-target movement of dicamba onto sensitive vegetation. To mitigate the off-target movement through physical drift, one might consider use of rope wicks and other wiper applicators. Although wiper-type application methods have been efficacious in pasture settings, the utility of dicamba using wiper applicators in agronomic crops is not available in scientific literature. To determine the utility of roller wipers for dicamba applications in dicamba-resistant soybean, two separate experiments were conducted in the summer of 2020 and replicated in both Keiser and Fayetteville, AR, USA.

RESULTS

Utilizing opposing application …

Impact Of Delaying Irrigation On Wilting, Seed Yield, And Other Agronomic Traits Of Determinate Mg5 Soybean, Francia Ravelombola, Andrea Acuna, Liliana Florez-Palacios, Chengjun Wu, Derrick Harrison, Maria De Oliveira, Joshua Winter, Marcos Da Silva, Trenton Roberts, Christopher Henry, Fernando Grignola, Ehsanollah Shakiba, Leandro Mozzoni

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Soybean production in the U.S. Mid-South relies heavily on irrigation with 85% of soybean surfaces irrigated in Arkansas. Reduction in irrigation due to water quantity restrictions will significantly affect soybean seed yield, making variety selection increasingly important. The objective of the study was to assess if irrigation onsets at different reproductive stages affect wilting, seed yield, and key agronomic traits on determinate maturity group 5 (MG 5) soybean. One-hundred sixty-five F₄-derived populations of recombinant inbred lines with determinate growth habit, similar maturity, and contrasting wilting potential were planted in an augmented strip-plot design in four environments as a …

Water Quality Adjacent To Swine Slurry Holding Ponds Associated With A Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation, Andrew Sharpley, James Burke, Kristofor Brye, Larry Berry, Phillip Hays, Mike Daniels, Karl Vandevender, Tim Glover, Brian Haggard

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Environmental concerns exist over extended storage of liquid animal waste in outdoor holding ponds before land application, particularly in regions with underlying karst geology. To determine the effects of holding ponds on water quality, belowground interceptor trenches, groundwater (well), and a downslope ephemeral stream were monitored for water quality parameters. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations increased (p < .0001) in well and ephemeral stream samples but decreased in trench samples (Trench 1 with a p < .0001) near the swine production facility and holding ponds over a 5-yr monitoring period (April 2014–June 2019). In contrast, chloride, which is a conservative element that can move freely through the soil without chemical, physical, or biological modification, and electrical conductivity decreased (p < .0001 to .0203) over the monitoring period in well and Trench 1 samples. Flow in the interceptor trenches was highly responsive to rainfall, suggesting the trenches were mainly capturing shallow subsurface flows initiated by rainfall. A lack of any increasing trend in chloride and electrical conductivity for ephemeral stream, well, or trench samples suggests that elevated nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in well and ephemeral stream samples may have been influenced by sources other than the liquid manure holding ponds (i.e., sources that have low chloride and electrical conductivity values). In regions with underlying karst geology, surface and subsurface water resources may require more expansive monitoring to demonstrate liquid manure holding ponds effects on nearby water quality.

Arkansas Rice: Herbicide Resistance Concerns, Production Practices, And Weed Management Costs, Thomas R. Butts, K. Badou-Jeremie Kouame, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

An online survey to better understand current weed management practices and concerns in Arkansas rice was distributed in the fall of 2020. A total of 123 respondents from across the Arkansas rice growing region returned the survey covering a total of 236,414 rice hectares, representing about 40% of the planted Arkansas rice hectares in 2020. The most problematic weeds were Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (ECG), Cyperus spp., and Oryza sativa L. (weedy rice), respectively, in flooded rice, and ECG, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats., and Cyperus spp., respectively, in furrow-irrigated rice. Most respondents (78%) reported high concern with herbicide-resistant weeds, …

Measurable Microcystin In Ozark Streams Was Rare During Summer 2018 Baseflow Conditions, Bradley J. Austin, Brian E. Haggard

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Accelerated eutrophication due to human activity has been linked to an increase in the occurrence of cyanobacteria in freshwater systems. The purpose of this study was to document the occurrence of microcystin, a common cyanotoxin, within northwest Arkansas streams. Twenty streams were sampled from May through October 2018, and water and periphyton samples were analyzed for microcystin and chlorophyll-a (CHL-a). Mean microcystin concentrations in water samples were low across sites, ranging from < 0.10 to 0.21 μg L⁻¹. Mean microcystin in the periphyton across sites ranged from 2.6 to 9.9 μg m⁻² and were within values observed in the literature. …

Effect Of Dicamba On Reproductive Development In Corn And Rice, Mason Castner, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber, Trenton Lee Roberts, Edward E. Gbur

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research has been published regarding the effects of sublethal dicamba rates applied at different growth stages in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; however, there is limited research on the effect of dicamba on reproductive growth in corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). Experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to determine the potential consequences of dicamba exposure to reproductive stages of corn and rice. Dicamba was applied at 0.56, 5.6, 56, and 560 g ae ha^–1, with a 1X rate being 560 g ae ha^–1. Each rate was applied at …

Soil Organic Carbon And Nutrients Affected By Tree Species And Poultry Litter In A 17-Year Agroforestry Site, Helen C.S. Amorim, Amanda J. Ashworth, Yuri L. Zinn, Thomas J. Sauer

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tree species and fertilization sources may affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) and fertility in agroforestry (AF) systems in temperate regions, but this remains unexplored. This study assesses the longitudinal trends in the SOC and major nutrients in a 17-year AF site established on an Ultisol in Fayetteville, AR. We evaluated how management and fertilization (mineral vs. organic) affect the soil’s physical and chemical properties using the tree species: red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch. Long-term applications of poultry litter increased the soil pH, whereas the Mg and S concentrations decreased compared to …

High Resistance To Quinclorac In Multiple-Resistant Echinochloa Colona Associated With Elevated Stress Tolerance Gene Expression And Enriched Xenobiotic Detoxification Pathway, Gulab Rangani, Christopher E. Rouse, Christopher Saski, Rooksana E. Noorai, Vijay Shankar, Amy L. Lawton-Rauh, Isabel S. Werle, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Echinochloa colona and other species in this genus are a threat to global rice production and food security. Quinclorac, an auxin mimic, is a common herbicide for grass weed control in rice, and Echinochloa spp. have evolved resistance to it. The complete mode of quinclorac action and subsequent evolution of resistance is not fully understood. We analyzed the de novo transcriptome of multiple-herbicide-resistant (ECO-R) and herbicide-susceptible genotypes in response to quinclorac. Several biological processes were constitutively upregulated in ECO-R, including carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, and ureide metabolism, indicating improved metabolic efficiency. The transcriptional change in ECO-R following quinclorac treatment indicates an …

Measurable Microcystin In Ozark Streams Was Rare During Summer 2018 Baseflow Conditions, Bradley J. Austin, Brian E. Haggard

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Accelerated eutrophication due to human activity has been linked to an increase in the occurrence of cyanobacteria in freshwater systems. The purpose of this study was to document the occurrence of microcystin, a common cyanotoxin, within northwest Arkansas streams. Twenty streams were sampled from May through October 2018, and water and periphyton samples were analyzed for microcystin and chlorophyll-a (CHL-a). Mean microcystin concentrations in water samples were low across sites, ranging from < 0.10 to 0.21 μg L⁻¹. Mean microcystin in the periphyton across sites ranged from 2.6 to 9.9 μg m⁻² and were within values observed in the literature. …

Transpiration Responses Of Herbicide-Resistant And -Susceptible Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri (S.) Wats.) To Progressively Drying Soil, Koffi Badou Jeremie Kouame, Mary Savin, Gulab Rangani, Thomas R. Butts, Matthew B. Bertucci, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Drought events are predicted to increase in the future. Evaluating the response of herbicide-resistant and -susceptible weed ecotypes to progressive drought can provide insights into whether resistance traits affect the fitness of resistant weed populations. Two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse between January and May 2021 to evaluate drought tolerance differences between Palmer amaranth accessions resistant to S-metolachlor or glyphosate and their susceptible counterparts. The accessions used were S-metolachlor-resistant (17TUN-A), a susceptible standard (09CRW-A), and glyphosate-resistant (22–165 EPSPS copies) and glyphosate-susceptible (3–10 EPSPS copies) plants from accession 16CRW-D. Daily transpiration of each plant was measured. The daily transpiration rate …

Impact Of Environmental And Agronomic Conditions On Rice Injury Caused By Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl, James W. Beesinger, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Environmental conditions surrounding herbicide applications are known to affect weed control and crop response. Variable levels of rice injury caused by florpyrauxifen-benzyl have been observed across cropping systems and environmental conditions, warranting research in which single environmental and management strategies are isolated to understand the effect of each factor on rice injury and subsequent reductions in rice growth. A field study was conducted to determine the effects of planting date, rice cultivar, and florpyrauxifen-benzyl rate on rice injury, maturity, and yield. Two greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture and time of flooding after florpyrauxifen-benzyl application …

Long-Term Agricultural Practice Effects On Carbon And Nitrogen Isotopes Of Soil Organic Matter Fractions, Johan Desrochers, Kristofor R. Brye, Erik D. Pollock

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Understanding the effects of long-term traditional and alternative agricultural management practice effects on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and storage within particulate organic matter (POM) and light fractions (LF) within various soil aggregate-size classes can be illuminated by isotopic ¹³C/¹²C (δ¹³C) and ¹⁵N/¹⁴N (δ¹⁵N) differences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of residue level, residue burning, tillage, and irrigation on δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of the bulk-soil, macro- (>250 μm) and micro-aggregate-(53–250 μm), coarse- (>250 μm), and fine- (53–250 …

Rice Tolerance To Multiple Applications Of Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl Alone And Followed By Benzobicyclon, James Winston Beesinger, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton Roberts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Varying levels of sensitivity to florpyrauxifen-benzyl and benzobicyclon applications among rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars have been observed. The safe use of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and benzobicyclon in the same herbicide program could provide broad-spectrum weed control and delay resistance in weed species. Two experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 near Stuttgart, AR, to test cultivars' sensitivity to multiple rates of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl followed by benzobicyclon. The first experiment was designed to determine the sensitivity of the rice cultivars `XP753', 'CL XL745', 'Gemini 214CL', 'Titan', and 'Diamond' to applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 0.03 and 0.06 lb acid …

Minimum Dataset And Metadata Guidelines For Soil-Test Correlation And Calibration Research, Nathan A. Slaton, Sarah E. Lyons, Deanna L. Osmond, Sylvie M. Brouder, Steve W. Culman, Gerson L. Drescher, Luciano C. Gatiboni, John Hoben, Peter J.A. Kleinman, Joshua M. Mcgrath, Robert O. Miller, Austin Pearce, Amy L. Shober, John T. Spargo, Jeff J. Volenec

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Soil-test correlation and calibration data are essential to modern agriculture, and their continued relevance is underscored by the expansion of precision farming and the persistence of sustainable soil management priorities. In support of transparent, science-based fertilizer recommendations, we seek to establish a core set of required and recommended information for soil-test P and K correlation and calibration studies, a minimum dataset, building on previous research. The Fertilizer Recommendation Support Tool (FRST) project team and collaborators are developing a national database that will support a soil-test-based nutrient management decision aid tool. The FRST team includes over 80 scientists from 37 land-grant …

Identification Of Genomic Regions Controlling Chalkiness And Grain Characteristics In A Recombinant Inbred Line Rice Population Based On High-Throughput Snp Markers, Yheni Dwiningsih, Anuj Kumar, Julie Thomas, Charles Ruiz, Jawaher Alkahtani, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Andy Pereira

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary food for half of the global population. Recently, there has been increasing concern in the rice industry regarding the eating and milling quality of rice. This study was conducted to identify genetic information for grain characteristics using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a japonica/indica cross based on high-throughput SNP markers and to provide a strategy for improving rice quality. The RIL population used was derived from a cross of “Kaybonnet (KBNT lpa)” and “ZHE733” named the K/Z RIL population, consisting of 198 lines. A total of 4133 SNP markers were used …

Interaction Of Contact Herbicides And Timing Of Dicamba Exposure On Soybean, Mason C. Castner, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber, Trenton L. Roberts, Edward E. Gbur

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Dicamba residues in sprayers are difficult to remove and may interact with subsequent herbicides, including contact herbicides labeled for use in soybean. Without proper tank cleanout, applicators treating dicamba-resistant and non–dicamba resistant crops are at risk of contaminating the spray solution with dicamba residue from previous applications. Experiments were conducted in Fayetteville, AR, in 2018 and 2019, with the first experiment evaluating consequences of dicamba tank contamination with contact herbicides and the second experiment addressing the impact of dicamba exposure on a glufosinate-resistant soybean cultivar relative to a contact herbicide application. Experiments for tank contamination and timing of dicamba exposure …

Genetic Dissection Of Grain Yield Component Traits Under High Nighttime Temperature Stress In A Rice Diversity Panel, Anuj Kumar, Chirag Gupta, Julie Thomas, Andy Pereira

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

To dissect the genetic complexity of rice grain yield (GY) and quality in response to heat stress at the reproductive stage, a diverse panel of 190 rice accessions in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rice mini-core collection (URMC) diversity panel were treated with high nighttime temperature (HNT) stress at the reproductive stage of panicle initiation. The quantifiable yield component response traits were then measured. The traits, panicle length (PL), and number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) were evaluated in subsets of the panel comprising the rice subspecies Oryza sativa ssp. Indica and ssp. Japonica. Under HNT stress, …

Does Dicamba Exposure Elicit A Hormetic Response In Sensitive Soybean?, Mason Castner, Jason K. Norsworthy, L. Tom Barber, Edward Gbur, Trenton Roberts

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Applications of dicambaherbicide to dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) may increase the risks of non-DR soybean exposure to dicamba. Dicamba residue in sprayers poses a challenge for applicators that also treat non-DR soybean. Risks for non-DR soybean producers increase as the planted acreage and usage of DR crops increases, as there is potential for volatilization of the herbicide in the summer months, posing a risk for nearby non-DR soybean producers. There has been widespread speculation that a low-dose exposure of dicamba to sensitive soybean may elicit a positive response in yield …

Ppo2 Mutations In Amaranthus Palmeri: Implications On Cross-Resistance, Pamela Carvalho-Moore, Gulab Rangani, James Heiser, Douglas Findley, Steven J. Bowe, Nilda Roma-Burgos

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In Arkansas, resistance to protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. is mainly due to target site mutations. Although A. palmeri PPO-mutations are well investigated, the cross-resistance that each ppo mutant endows to weed populations is not yet well understood. We aimed to evaluate the response of PPO-resistant A. palmeri accessions, harboring the ppo2 mutations ΔG210 and G399A, to multiple PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Six resistant and one susceptible field accessions were subjected to a dose–response assay with fomesafen, and selected survivors from different fomesafen doses were genotyped to characterize the mutation profile. The level of resistance …

Understanding Resistance Mechanisms To Trifluralin In An Arkansas Palmer Amaranth Population, Fidel Gonzalez-Torralva, Jason K. Norsworthy

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson (Palmer amaranth) is considered a problematic and troublesome weed species in many crops in the USA, partly because of its ability to evolve resistance to herbicides. In this study, we explored the mechanism of resistance in a trifluralin-resistant A. palmeri accession collected from Arkansas, USA. Dose-response assays using agar plates demonstrated an EC₅₀ (effective concentration that reduces root length by 50%) of 1.02 µM trifluralin compared to 0.39 µM obtained in the susceptible accession. Thus, under these conditions, the resistant accession required 2.6 times more trifluralin to inhibit root length by 50%. Seeds in the …

Identification And Confirmation Of Loci Associated With Canopy Wilting In Soybean Using Genome-Wide Association Mapping, Siva K. Chamarthi, Avjinder S. Kaler, Hussein Abdel-Haleem, Felix B. Fritschi, Jason D. Gillman, Jeffrey D. Ray, James R. Smith, Arun P. Dhanapal, Charles A. King, Larry C. Purcell

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Drought causes significant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield losses each year in rain-fed production systems of many regions. Genetic improvement of soybean for drought tolerance is a cost-effective approach to stabilize yield under rain-fed management. The objectives of this study were to confirm previously reported soybean loci and to identify novel loci associated with canopy wilting (CW) using a panel of 200 diverse maturity group (MG) IV accessions. These 200 accessions along with six checks were planted at six site-years using an augmented incomplete block design with three replications under irrigated and rain-fed treatments. Association mapping, using 34,680 …

Recurrent Selection With Sub-Lethal Doses Of Mesotrione Reduces Sensitivity In Amaranthus Palmeri, Jason K. Norsworthy, Vijay K. Varanasi, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Chad Brabham

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Amaranthus palmeri, ranked as the most prolific and troublesome weed in North America, has evolved resistance to several herbicide sites of action. Repeated use of any one herbicide, especially at lower than recommended doses, can lead to evolution of weed resistance, and, therefore, a better understanding of the process of resistance evolution is essential for the management of A. palmeri and other difficult-to-control weed species. Amaranthus palmeri rapidly developed resistance to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors such as mesotrione. The objective of this study was to test the potential for low-dose applications of mesotrione to select for reduced susceptibility over …

Using Network-Based Machine Learning To Predict Transcription Factors Involved In Drought Resistance, Chirag Gupta, Venkategowda Ramegowda, Supratim Basu, Andy Pereira

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Gene regulatory networks underpin stress response pathways in plants. However, parsing these networks to prioritize key genes underlying a particular trait is challenging. Here, we have built the Gene Regulation and Association Network (GRAiN) of rice (Oryza sativa). GRAiN is an interactive query-based web-platform that allows users to study functional relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and genetic modules underlying abiotic-stress responses. We built GRAiN by applying a combination of different network inference algorithms to publicly available gene expression data. We propose a supervised machine learning framework that complements GRAiN in prioritizing genes that regulate stress signal transduction and …

Phenotyping Anther Extrusion Of Wheat Using Image Analysis, Zachary James Winn, Dylan Lee Larkin, Jamison Trey Murry, David Earl Moon, Richard Esten Mason

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Phenotyping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is time-consuming and new methods are necessary to decrease labor. To develop a heterotic pool of male wheat lines for hybrid breeding, there must be an efficient way to measure both anther extrusion and the size of anthers. Five hundred and ninety-four soft red winter wheat lines in two replications of randomized complete block design were phenotyped for anther extrusion, a key trait for hybrid wheat production. A device was constructed to capture images using a mobile device. Four heads were sampled per line when anthesis was evident for half the heads in the …

Suppression Of Erecta Signaling Impacts Agronomic Performance Of Soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merril) In The Greenhouse, Yasmin Vasques Berchembrock, Flavia Barbosa Silva Botelho, Vibha Srivastava

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The ERECTA (ER) family of genes, encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (RLK), influences complex morphological and physiological aspects of plants. Modulation of ER signaling leads to abiotic stress tolerance in diverse plant species. However, whether the gain in stress tolerance is accompanied with desirable agronomic performance is not clearly known. In this study, soybean plants potentially suppressed in ER signaling were evaluated for the phenotypic performance and drought response in the greenhouse. These plants expressed a dominant-negative Arabidopsis thaliana ER (AtER) called ΔKinase to suppress ER signaling, which has previously been linked with the tolerance to water …

Soil Quality Indices As Affected By Long-Term Burning, Irrigation, Tillage, And Fertility Management, Helen C.S. Amorim, Amanda Ashworth, Kristofor R. Brye, Brian J. Wienhold, Mary C. Savin, Phillip R. Owens, Sergio Silva

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Understanding the impacts of long-term agricultural practices on soil quality (SQ) is key for sustaining agroecosystem productivity. This study investigated conventional and no-tillage (NT), residue burning and no burning, residue level (high and low), and irrigation (irrigated and dryland) effects on soil properties, SQ, and crop yields following 16 yr of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] double-crop system via the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF). A field experiment was conducted in the Lower Mississippi River Delta region on a silt-loam soil. Bulk density, soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), …

Influence Of Soybean Management Decisions On The Subsequent Rice Crop's Response To Nitrogen, Carrie C. Ortel, Trenton L. Roberts, Kyle A. Hoegenauer, Jarrod T. Hardke

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Little is known about the effects of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] management practices on the success of the subsequent rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. A study was initiated to determine how rice was affected by the preceding soybean crop's maturity group (MG) and planting date when grown in rotation on silt loam and clay soils. Optimum and late soybean planting dates and MGs (3.5, 4.7, 5.4, and 5.6) were followed by a rice crop. The results differed by soil texture, with the planting date and MG selection of the previous soybean crop more influential to the rice …

Leaf Nitrogen Sufficiency Level Guidelines For Midseason Fertilization In Corn, Caio Luiz Dos Santos, Trenton L. Roberts, Larry C. Purcell

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Improving N management guidelines in corn (Zea mays L.) production systems can reduce fertilization costs and potential negative environmental impacts. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of leaf nitrogen (LN) concentration as a tool to improve midseason N management in corn production. The experiment was conducted on 8 site-years with furrow irrigation. There were 11 N fertilization regimes with season total N rates ranging from 0 to 257 kg N ha⁻¹. Split-applications were made at pre-plant, the 10th collared leaf stage (V10), the 12th collared leaf stage (V12), and tasseling (VT). The uppermost fully collared …