Exercise Physiology Commons^™

A Preschool Aged Obesity Prevention Project Designed To Increase Moderate To Vigorous Physical Activity, Rebecca T. Adeigbe, Desiree Acosta, Alberto Cordova, Yingzhou Ma, Zenong Yin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The purpose of Juntos Y Saludables (Get Healthy Together [GHT]) is to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity by focusing on physical activity and healthy eating. GHT is an ongoing project, with phase one of three completed in May 2010.The GHT program was implemented in the Edgewood Independent School District’s Head Start centers located in San Antonio, TX. These centers were selected due to high prevalence of obesity (50%) and diabetes in children and adults living in the community. Method: The gross motor intervention was implemented at two of the three centers. The intervention consisted of teacher training and …

Evaluating “Reach” In The Health Is Power (Hip) Study, Kristin L. Wolfe, Ygnacio Lopez Iii, Scherezade K. Mama, Ashley V. Medina, Jacqueline Reese-Smith, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: EVALUATING “REACH” IN THE HEALTH IS POWER (HIP) STUDY

Author(s): Kristin L. Wolfe1, Ygnacio Lopez III, MS1, Scherezade K. Mama, MPH1,2, Ashley V. Medina, BS1, Jacqueline Reese-Smith, PhD1,3, Rebecca E. Lee, PhD1

Affiliations: 1 University of Houston, 2 University of Texas School of Public Health, 3 University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Purpose. In the United States, minority women (African American [AA] and Hispanic or Latina [HL]) are most vulnerable to obesity and related health compromising conditions. Health Is Power (HIP; 1R01CA109403) was a randomized controlled community based trial to promote physical activity and vegetable and fruit consumption …

Juntos Y Saludables: Outcomes Of A Peer Led Approach To Obesity Prevention For Head Start, Erica T. Sosa, Deborah Parra-Medina, Rebecca Adeigbe, Desiree Acosta, Daisy Escamilla, Meizi He, Debra Kibbe, Amelie Ramirez, Zenong Yin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Juntos y Saludables (Get Healthy Together), a multi-component obesity prevention pilot tailored for Mexican American Head Start children (ages 3-5). For the parent education component, researchers trained seven peer parent educators to deliver health information via afterschool parent education sessions. When parents attended the sessions, they received a take-home bag with a book and family activity to promote physical activity in the home. Method: Parent intercept interviews, focus groups, and questionnaires were collected (average 80% participation rate). Results: Average participation rate at the parent education sessions was 46% and rates varied …

Magnitude And Predictors Of Weight Loss In A Free Ad Libitum Online Weight Loss Program, Amber W. Trickey, Weiwei Wang, Kevin O. Hwang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

To evaluate the magnitude and predictors of weight loss among members of a free ad libitum online weight loss program. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a systematic random sample of members who joined SparkPeople.com between February-April 2008, and included follow-up data until May 2010. The main outcome was net weight change, calculated from self-reported weight entries. We conducted simple linear regression for associations between weight change and demographics (age, gender, referral source, geographic location, baseline body mass index [BMI]) and between weight change and website usage metrics (number of log-ins, weight entries, SparkPoints [website usage incentives], SparkFriends [friends in the SparkPeople …

Associations Between Physical Activity And Obesity In A Multi-Ethnic Sample Of Adolescent Girls, Abida B. Solomon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The increasing prevalence of obesity and low participation in physical activity among young racial/ethnic minorities constitute serious public health issues. Research has shown that "overweight" and "obese" individuals have increased risks for the following conditions: coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon), hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, osteoarthritis (a degeneration of cartilage and its underlying bone within a joint), and gynecological problems (abnormal menses, infertility). Because chronic diseases disproportionately impact ethnic and racial minorities, this study examined the association between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in …

Gender, Weight Loss Efforts, And Fast Food Locations: Evidence Of Differential Effect On Bmi?, Maria C. Chang, Vincent Chen, Courtney P. Winston, Luisa Franzini, Deanna M. Hoelscher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Research on the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and proximity of fast food restaurants surrounding schools, proxy measures for fast food access, have produced mixed results. We evaluated whether gender and self-report of weight loss behaviors modified the relationship between BMI and proportion of fast food restaurants (FFRp). Method: We obtained weight and height information for 6,456 11th graders from 108 schools that participated in the 2004-2005 Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition surveillance. Internet searches were used to determine FFRp within 0.25 and 0.50 miles from schools. FFRp was determined by dividing the number of FFR by …

Acculturation, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, And Physical Activity In Mexican Origin Women, Daisy Y. Morales-Campos, Jennifer J. Salinas, Deborah Parra-Medina, Deanne K. Hilfinger Messias, Patricia Sharpe, Alexis M. Koskan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Longer time in the United States (US) is associated with increased risk of obesity in Hispanic immigrants, particularly for women. Although previous research has established an association between nutrition and acculturation, little attention has focused on physical activity. In this study, we examine the associations between acculturation on Mexican origin women’s body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and report of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Method: Mexican origin women ≥18 years (n=120) from South Carolina (n=60) and Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley (n=60) completed a survey and anthropometric measures. Participants reported MVPA in hours per week, country …

C&I As A Tool To Elicit Change In Health, Jon Aoki

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: C&I AS A TOOL TO ELICIT CHANGE IN HEALTH Authors: Jon M. Aoki, Ed.D. Affiliations: Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown Purpose: American has become obesogenic and the trend of people gaining weight is a continuing problem. The purpose of this study was to describe an action research modified C&I (curriculum and instruction) unit on health in an upper-level university life science course for EC-6 and 4-8 pre-service teachers that elicited change in student knowledge and lifestyle of health. Method: A phenomenological approach using a constant comparative method was used to describe the post-unit responses from teacher candidates. …

Building A Heathly Temple, Meizi He, Zenong Yin, Jessica Leeds, Summmer R. Wilmoth, Arely Perez, Timothy K. Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE:

This study aimed to qualitatively explore the Hispanic faith-based communities' perceptions and willingness to address the childhood obesity epidemic. We will gain insights on faith-based communities’ perceptions of childhood obesity; their openness and willingness to address the issue of childhood obesity; their perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing faith-based community obesity prevention programs; and their ideas of appropriate obesity interventions in faith-based community settings.

METHOD:

In-depth interviews with 30 Hispanic church leaders and 7 focus groups with 38 church attending Hispanic children and 38 parents in San Antonio’s West Side, a low-income Hispanic community, were used to collect qualitative …

Therapeutic Potential Of Insulin-Sensitizing Drugs In The Treatment Of Prostate Cancer With Coexisting Obesity, Alison Schwein, Mong-Hong Lee, Sai-Ching Yeung

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TITLE: Insulin-sensitizing Drugs to Treat Obese Prostate Cancer Patients

AUTHORS: Alison Schwein, B.S.1, Dr. Mong-Hong Lee PhD2, Dr. Sai-Ching Yeung PhD, MD2

AFFILIATIONS: 1University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 2M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PC) in obese men is more likely to cause a more aggressive disease that recurs after radical prostatectomy than in non-obese men; also, risks of advanced PC or death from PC are increased when associated with obesity. The biological mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and the progression of PC have yet to be established. Insulin resistance is associated with obesity. Insulin …

Aerobic And Anaerobic Changes In Collegiate Male Runners Across A Cross-Country Season, Cory W. Baumann, Thomas J. Wetter

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological characteristics of trained NCAA Division III male runners across a competitive season of cross-country. Eight male distance runners (age 20.6±1.4 y) were administered a battery of aerobic and anaerobic laboratory tests at the beginning and end of an 8-10 week racing season. Aerobic testing included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), running economy (RE), ventilatory threshold (VT) and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Anaerobic testing consisted of the vertical jump (VJ) and the Wingate test. Final testing revealed anaerobic Wingate peak power significantly declined (11.8±1.1 to 10.7±1.0 W·kg-1) (P = …

Effect Of Single Set Dynamic And Static Stretching Exercise On Jump Height In College Age Recreational Athletes, Jeffrey C. Murphy Dr., Elizabeth F. Nagle, Robert J. Robertson Dr., Jean L. Mccrory Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

This study examined the effects of single set dynamic and static stretching on vertical jump height and hip and knee range of motion in a sample of college age recreational males. Forty-two males (aged 18-24) healthy, physically active volunteers participated as subjects in this investigation and were randomly assigned to one of three groups (1 set of 20 seconds dynamic stretch, 1 set of 20 second static stretch, or control). The knee and hip range of motion, sit and reach, and jump height were measured before and after the treatment condition. The same measures were performed on the control group …

Riding Position And Lumbar Spine Angle In Recreational Cyclists: A Pilot Study., Samantha J. Schulz, Susan J. Gordon

International Journal of Exercise Science

This pilot study investigated the reliability of an inclinometer to assess lumbar spine angle in three different cycling positions, and explored the relationship between lumbar spine angle and riding position, anthropometry, bike measures and low back pain (LBP).

Cyclists were recruited from two cycle clubs. Anthropometric variables and bike set-up were measured before participants’ bikes were secured in a wind trainer. Cyclists then adopted three positions for riding, upright on the handlebars, on the brake levers and on the drops, according to a random allocation. The angle of the lumbar spine was measured, using an inclinometer, at zero minutes and …

Exercise Science Academic Programs And Research In The Philippines, Norberto Madrigal, Josephine Joy Reyes, Jeffrey Pagaduan, Reil Vinard Espino

International Journal of Exercise Science

In this invited editorial, professors from leading institutions in the Philippines, share information regarding their programs relating to Exercise Science. They have provided information on academic components such as entrance requirements, progression through programs, and professional opportunities available to students following completion; as well as details regarding funding available to students to participate in research, collaboration, and specific research interests.

A Phenomenological Investigation Of Women's Experiences With Personal Training, Melissa N. Madeson, Cherilyn Hultquist, Amy Church, Leslee A. Fisher

International Journal of Exercise Science

Personal training is a rapidly growing industry in a country that is in dire need of physical fitness and health improvements. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to better understand women’s experiences with personal training. To address the research question, eight female participants ages 24 to 54 years were interviewed using the following phenomenological question: “When you think about your current experience with personal training what stands out for you?” The interviews were conducted, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed to identify themes in participants’ responses. The ground that emerged was positive experience within which existed four figural themes: Relationships, trainer …

Longitudinal, Diet-Induced Weight Gain Is Associated With Increased Blood Monocytes And Reduced Tlr4 Expression, Kelley Strohacker, Richard J. Simpson, Katie C. Carpenter, Whitney L. Breslin, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science

Excessive weight gain increases systemic inflammation resulting in increased disease risk. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) reportedly mediates increases in inflammation; however, its role has not been fully evaluated. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal effect of diet-induced weight gain on blood monocyte concentration and cell-surface TLR4 expression. Research Methods & Procedures. Male CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to high-fat (HF, n = 12) or low-fat (LF, n = 13) groups. Non-lethal, saphenous vein blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Three-color flow cytometry was used to measure monocyte (CD11b+/CD14+) …

Prevalence Of Plagiarism In Manuscript Submissions And Solutions, Brian K. Mcfarlin, T Scott Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

No abstract provided.

Recreational Cyclists: The Relationship Between Low Back Pain And Training Characteristics, Samantha J. Schulz, Susan J. Gordon

International Journal of Exercise Science

This study investigated the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and training characteristics in recreational cyclists. Purposive sampling was used to recruit sixty-six recreational cyclists from nine cycling clubs. Participants completed a survey reporting training characteristics and LBP behaviour during a usual week of cycling. This included percent of time spent cycling in three common riding positions, cycling terrain, average cycling pace, number of gears, days per week cycled and number of cycling events per year. Fifty percent reported LBP during or after cycling or smoking and LBP. Cyclists who reported LBP cycled significantly further in a usual week of …

Effect Of The E3 Fitness Grips On Running Economy, Julie A. Szabo*, Brian B. Parr‡, Jarod A. Holt*, Christopher M. Dewitt‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(2) : 64-67, 2010. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the E3 Fitness Grips (BioGrip, Inc., Rancho Cordova, CA) on running economy, as measured by oxygen uptake (VO2), and heart rate (HR) during submaximal treadmill running. Eleven subjects, seven female and four male, completed a submaximal running test on a treadmill while VO2 and HR were measured continuously. After achieving steady-state at a speed and grade that elicited a VO2 equivalent to 70% VO2max, the subjects ran for five minutes holding the E3 Fitness Grips (G) and five minutes without the …

Leveraging Online Learning Resources To Teach Core Research Skills To Undergraduates At A Diverse Research University, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Whitney L. Breslin, Katie C. Carpenter, Kelley Strohacker, Randi J. Weintraub

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(2) : 49-54, 2010. Today’s students have unique learning needs and lack knowledge of core research skills. In this program report, we describe an online approach that we developed to teach core research skills to freshman and sophomore undergraduates. Specifically, we used two undergraduate kinesiology (KIN) courses designed to target students throughout campus (KIN1304: Public Health Issues in Physical Activity and Obesity) and specifically kinesiology majors (KIN1252: Foundations of Kinesiology). Our program was developed and validated at the 2nd largest ethnically diverse research university in the United States, thus we believe that it would be effective …

Corticosterone Levels In Sedentary, Wheel, And Treadmill Acclimated Mice Following A Bout Of Forced Treadmill Running, Nadia H. Agha, Joesph Potucek, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Murine models have been used to study the immune response to exercise under various diet and training interventions .Our laboratory has previously studied the effect of forced exercise versus voluntary exercise on fasting blood glucose measurements. However, forced exercise may result in increased corticosterone levels. This may affect glucose levels and subsequent weight gain. Male, wild-type CD-1 mice were randomly divided into the following groups: forced exercise, wheel running, and sedentary. After a 8- weeks of the intervention, all mice were placed on a treadmill and forced to run for 30 minutes. Blood was collected from the mice prior to …

Measured And Self-Reported Neighborhood Characteristics And Physical Activity Among African American Women, Kristen M. Mcalexander, Rebecca E. Lee, Scherezade K. Mama, Ashley V. Medina

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

African American women are vulnerable to physical inactivity compared to white women. Measured and self-reported neighborhood characteristics may be associated with physical activity (PA), yet few studies have examined these factors among minority women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of measured and self-reported neighborhood characteristics with individual PA. The Pedestrian Environment Data Scan was completed for 25% of randomly selected residential street segments within a 400 meter radius of each participants’ address. African American women (N=262, M age=44.4 yrs) completed interviewer administered questionnaires assessing self-reported neighborhood characteristics. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity …

No Influence Of Ovarian Hormones On Cerebrovascular Responses To The Valsalva Maneuver, Jesus I. Lara (Undergraduate), Gilbert Moralez, Chelsea R. Barrera, Ashley Martinez, William H. Cooke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cerebral blood flow is modulated in part by arterial perfusion pressure and autonomic neural activity. Valsalva straining drives increases in cerebral perfusion pressure that may challenge cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms. These challenges may be even greater during the normal menstrual cycle due to vasoactive influences of ovarian hormones. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that cerebral vascular responses to Valsalva straining are enhanced with increased plasma concentrations of estrogen and progesterone. METHODS: Twelve healthy eumenorrheic females (mean age 25 ± 1 yr; height 165 ± 3 cm; weight 66 ± 2 kg; mean ± SE) were studied during the early and late …

Speed And Agility Prediction Models In High School Football Players, James J. Tufano, William E. Amonette, A. Eugene Coleman, Terry L. Dupler, Troy Wenzel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Optimal relationships between speed, agility, power and body mass are essential in American football. An increase in body mass, theoretically, reduces acceleration (Newton’s 2nd Law). However, an increase in lean body mass may enhance overall force or power generating potential and momentum of an athlete. Body mass, height, and vertical jump height are routinely measured, easily obtainable, and may be used as predictors of speed and agility. Purpose: To determine associations between height, vertical jump height, and body mass to speed and agility in high school football players. Methods: Data were collected on 1261 male football players (16.4±0.9yrs, 179.7±6.9cm, …

Concurrent Resistance And Aquatic Treadmill Training Elicits Greater Lean Mass Gains Than Resistance Training Alone., Brad S. Lambert, Nicholas P. Greene, Green S. John (Facsm), Stephen F. Crouse (Facsm)

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of combined aquatic treadmill training (ATM) and resistance training (RT) on body composition (Bcomp), strength, and VO2max following 12 wks of training compared to RT alone. METHODS: 5 healthy, sedentary men (32.6yr ±11, 187.5 cm ±4.9, 107.9 kg ±19.5) and 6 women (34.2 yrs ±14.3, 166.6 cm ±8.4, 78.6 kg ±19.69) were recruited and screened to assess VO2max (GXT), Bcomp (DEXA), and strength. During strength assessment, 1RMs were assessed in this order: leg press, chest press, leg curl, lat pull, leg ext, triceps push-down, biceps curl. Subjects were then randomized into 2 groups. Both groups …

The Influence Of Different Length Between Match Microcycles On Neuromuscular, Hormonal And Perceptual Responses In Professional Rugby League Players, Blake D. Mclean, Aaron J. Coutts, Vince Kelly, Michael R. Mcguigan, Stuart Cormack

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Optimal recovery between matches is critically important in team sports. Indeed, altered neuromuscular performance, hormone levels and increased fatigue can manifest in under recovered team sport athletes. However, the recovery patterns in these variables in the days following professional rugby league matches is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different between-match training periods on neuromuscular, hormonal and perceptual measures in professional rugby league players. Following familiarization, 12 professional rugby league players from the same team were assessed for changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) (force, power, flight time), perceptual responses (fatigue, well being and muscle …

Reliability And Validity Of An Electronic Inclinometer (Ei) And Standard Goniometer (Sg) For Measuring The Q-Angle In 2 Different Positions In A Sample Of Women, Emerenciana S. Ferro

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: The Q-angle is formed by the longitudinal axis of the femur and the line of pull of the patellar ligament. Possible larger Q-angles may be linked with patellofemoral pain. The reliability and concurrent validity of the EI and the SG has also not been investigated for measurement of the Q-angle.

Purposes: To determine the intra- and inter-tester reliability of Q-angle measurements in the supine and standing positions and concurrent validity between these tools. Methods: Two testers (an experienced physical therapist (PT) and a novice PT student) measured participants’ Q-angles (32 women; 19 to 35 years) using the EI and …

Parameters Of Walking And Jogging In Healthy Young Adults, Tiago V. Barreira†, David A. Rowe‡, Minsoo Kang‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 4-13, 2010. The purposes of this study were to a) investigate the average heart rate (HR), speed, stride length, and stride rate during moderate intensity walking and jogging in healthy young adults, b) cross validate the walking stride length calculation based on 42% of height and c) provide reliability information for measurement of walking and jogging steps, speed, stride length, and stride rate. Participants (N=130) wore two Yamax SW-200 pedometers and a Polar A-1 HR monitor while performing walking and jogging trials. The correlation between estimated (0.71 ± 0.04 m·stride-1) and actual stride length (0.78 …

From The Editors: Assessing The International Journal Of Exercise Science After Two Years, Scott Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(1): 1-3, 2010. The popularity of the International Journal of Exercise Science continues to rise. As a student-focused journal, we are pleased to provide these future professionals with opportunities to gain experience with the peer review process, both through submitting their original work and as manuscript reviewers. Our editorial process is changing as section editors with specialties within the field of exercise science have agreed to take on these responsibilities. In addition, we are proud to also publish conference proceedings from various meetings held around the world. A list of individuals who have reviewed manuscripts throughout …

Multiple Models Can Concurrently Explain Fatigue During Human Performance, C. Matthew Laurent†, Matt Green‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

One of the most commonly and thoroughly studied paradigms of human performance is fatigue. However, despite volumes of research there remains considerable controversy among scientists regarding definitive conclusions about the specific mechanism(s) contributing to fatigue. Within the literature there are three primary yet distinctly different governing ideas of fatigue; the traditionally referenced central model and peripheral model as well as the emerging central governor model (CGM). The CGM has recently been advocated by a limited number of researchers and is suggestive of a more integrative model of fatigue when compared the traditional peripheral and central models. However, more work is …