Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Isokinetic Fatigue Characteristics For The Leg Extensors Versus Flexors, Elias M. Carrillo, Matt S. Stock, Jacob Adam Mota, Kendra D. Olinghouse, Alexander S. Drusch, Brennan J. Thompson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Maximal isokinetic muscle actions are often used in research studies to examine fatigability and even estimate muscle fiber-type. However, the majority of previous investigations have examined these topics for the leg extensors (i.e., quadriceps), and we are unaware of investigations that have specifically assessed the fatigue characteristics for the flexors (i.e., hamstrings). The purpose of this study was to compare the percent decline values for the leg extensors versus flexors for 50 and 100 repeated, maximal concentric isokinetic muscle actions. Fifteen healthy men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 3 years; body mass = 94.1 ± 11.9 kg) with …

Effect Of Resistance Exercise Intensity On The Mrna Expression Of Pgc-1Α Isoforms In Human Skeletal Muscle, Neil A. Schwarz, Sarah K. Mckinley, Mike Spillane, Joshua J. Gann, Thomas L. Andre, Darryn S. Willoughby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Bilateral Avulsion Fracture, Morgan N. Suski, Airika Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Validation Of A 3-Dimensional Video Motion Capture System For Determining Barbell Power And Velocity During The Bench Press, Ac Fry, L Bradford, T Herda, J Weir Facsm, M Lane, M Andre, A Hudy, J Siedlik

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Andrew C. Fry, Luke Bradford, Trent Herda, Joseph Weir FACSM, Michael Lane, Matthew Andre, Andrea Hudy, J. Deckert and J. Siedlik.Neuromechanics Laboratory and Kansas Athletics Inc., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

Analyses of barbell kinetics and kinematics have typically required the use of force plates, tether-based position transducers, or digitized video analysis. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of a 3-dimensional video markerless motion capture system for determining barbell kinetics and kinematics. METHODS: Two 3-D video cameras sampling at 30 Hz and mounted on the top of a power rack were interfaced with a self-contained computer and software system, and operated …

Relationships Between Salivary Cortisol And Speed Squat Power And Velocity In Elite Collegiate Basketball Players, Mj Andre, Ac Fry, Pr Dietz, Gj Cain, A Hudy

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Matthew J. Andre, Andrew C. Fry, Patricia R. Dietz, Glenn J. Cain, Andrea Hudy; University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

Studies have found inverse relationships between salivary cortisol and vertical jump, standing broad jump, and peak force and rate of force development (isometric mid-thigh pull) in athletes. However, to our knowledge, no study has determined the relationship between salivary cortisol and power and velocity during barbell speed squats. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol and power and velocity during barbell speed squats in elite collegiate basketball players. METHODS: Ten NCAA Division I …

Convergent Validity Of Physical Activity Devices In Adults With Unilateral Transtibial Amputation: Case Study, Cm Veal, D Crawford, J New, Cp Dionne, Sb Sisson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

C.M. Veal¹, D. Crawford², J. New¹, C.P. Dionne²,S.B. Sisson¹; ¹Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK ²Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK

PURPOSE: To determine convergent validity of physical activity device measurement in adults with unilateral transtibial amputation for step count, time in light physical activity (LPA), time in moderate physical activity (MPA), and classification of physical activity (PA) intensity. METHODS: Adults with unilateral transtibial amputation (n=2) voluntarily participated in this single-visit, lab-based assessment. Exclusion …

Changes In Strength And Power Variables From Pre- To Post-Competitive Season In Collegiate Cheerleaders, C Proctor, Sr Wilson, Aj Bruenger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Caroline Proctor, Steven R. Wilson, & Adam J. Bruenger; University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR

Research performed on cheerleading focuses on injury rates. There is minimal research about strength and power levels of cheerleaders (CL) and how these variables change during a season. These variables may be a factor for the high injury rates experienced by CL. PURPOSE: To measure body composition, strength, and vertical jump ability before and after a cheerleading season. METHODS: 36 collegiate CL (23 Females; age = 20 ± 1 y; height = 65 ± 3 in; weight = 124 ± 18 lb;13 Males; age = …

Comparison Of Kinetic And Kinematic Variables During Jump Station And Markerless Motion Capture Vertical Jumps, R Pierce, D Heller, N Moodie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Robert Pierce, Dave Heller, and Nicole Moodie; Rockhurst University; email: [email protected]

A previous study conducted in our lab revealed a significant difference in vertical jump measures obtained by using a standard jump station and markerless motion capture. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if kinematic and kinetic variables contributed to differences in vertical jump height. METHODS: Seventeen recreationally active college subjects (9 male, 9 female) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects reported to a motion capture facility for one testing session. Following a five minute jog warm-up, subjects completed three randomized trials of three …

Can Between-The-Legs Front Throw Distance Be Predicted From Overhead Back Throw Distance?, H. Weiss, B. Meyer, L. Taylor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Please view abstract in the attached PDF file.

Self-Determined Engagement In Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviors Of Us College Students, Ale Quartiroli, Hotaka Maeda

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 87-97, 2014. Although the importance of promoting physical activity is well established, researchers have recently considered “sedentary behaviors” as another key risk factor for chronic disease.However, little is known about the motivational processes regulating sedentary behavior on a daily basis. A substantial amount of research has been based on the self-determination theory to examine the motivational processes regulating physical activity behaviors. However, only limited attention has been paid to sedentary behaviors from this theoretical perspective. This study aims to identify and understand motivational aspects related to sedentary behavior from a self-determination perspective. A …

Psychosocial Factors Related To Children’S Active School Travel: A Comparison Of Two European Regions, David Mcminn, David A. Rowe, Shemane Murtagh, Norah M. Nelson, Ivan Čuk, Almir Atiković, Mojca Peček, Gavin Breslin, Elaine M. Murtagh, Marie H. Murphy

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 75-86, 2014. Inequalities in health-behaviors exist between regions of Europe, along a North West/South East axis. This study investigated whether prevalence of walking to school and associated psychosocial antecedents differed between these two European regions. Participants were 1,263 children aged 7-11 years, from five countries. Children from North West Europe (n = 641) and South East Europe (n = 622) completed a school travel questionnaire that measured demographics, school commuting mode, travel companion, feelings about their local area, and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables related to walking to school. Multivariate analysis of …

The Lived Experience Of An In-Season Concussion Amongst Ncaa Division I Student-Athletes, Matthew S. Moreau, Jody L. Langdon, Thomas A. Buckley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 62-74, 2014. The clinical presentation and recovery from a sports-related concussion has been well-documented in the sports medicine literature; however, the post-injury experience of the injured individual has been largely unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine collegiate student-athletes’ lived experiences of an in-season concussion. Four NCAA Division I student-athletes who suffered an in-season concussion were interviewed utilizing an existential phenomenological approach to capture the lived experience of the injury. Five major themes developed from the participants’ experiences: 1) symptoms and emotional response to injury, 2) experiences of concussion testing, …

The Effect Of Music As A Motivational Tool On Isokinetic Concentric Performance In College Aged Students, Maurice M. Godwin, Ronnette T. Hopson, Carley K. Newman, Timothy J. Leszczak

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 54-61, 2014. Music has been identified as a motivational tool in physical activity and associated with improved performance in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. However, the effects of music on isokinetic strength testing have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to measure the difference in lower limb isokinetic force output in males and females when exposed to a motivational environment (arousing music) and non-motivational environment (silence). A 2 x 2 analysis of variance (group x gender) was used with participants (n = 19; 12 male, 7 female) serving as their …

Determination Of Anaerobic Threshold By Heart Rate Or Heart Rate Variability Using Discontinuous Cycle Ergometry, Sung Wook Park, Michael T. Brenneman, William H. Cooke, Alberto Cordova, Donovan L. Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 45-53, 2014. The purpose was to determine if heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses would reflect anaerobic threshold (AT) using a discontinuous, incremental, cycle test. AT was determined by ventilatory threshold (VT). Cyclists (30.6±5.9y; 7 males, 8 females) completed a discontinuous cycle test consisting of 7 stages (6 min each with 3 min of rest between). Three stages were performed at power outputs (W) below those corresponding to a previously established AT, one at W corresponding to AT, and 3 at W above those corresponding to AT. The W at …

Effect Of Upper- And Lower-Body Vibration On Recovery, Muscle Soreness And Performance, Svetlana Nepocatych, Gytis Balilionis, Phillip A. Bishop

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 33-44, 2014. The purpose of this study was to compare three types of recovery methods: control (CON), lower-body vibration (LBV) and upper-body vibration (UBV) on upper-body performance, perceived recovery, and muscle soreness. Eight physically active male volunteers participated in the study. In a crossover study design, participants completed three sets of push-ups to fatigue, a given recovery treatment, and two upper-body Wingate Anaerobic Tests to assess peak and mean anaerobic power. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and heart rate (HR) were measured after fatiguing exercise, the recovery treatment and maximal performance test. In …

Wii, Kinect, & Move. Heart Rate, Oxygen Consumption, Energy Expenditure, And Ventilation Due To Different Physically Active Video Game Systems In College Students., Krista C. Scheer, Sarah M. Siebrandt, Gregory A. Brown, Brandon S. Shaw, Ina Shaw

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 22-32, 2014. Nintendo Wii, Sony Playstation Move, and Microsoft XBOX Kinect are home video gaming systems that involve player movement to control on-screen game play. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that playing Wii is moderate physical activity at best, but Move and Kinect have not been as thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare heart rate, oxygen consumption, and ventilation while playing the games Wii Boxing, Kinect Boxing, and Move Gladiatorial Combat. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and ventilation were measured at rest and during a graded exercise test in 10 …

The Effects Of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching On Post-Exercise Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness In Young Adults, Ryan P. Mcgrath, James R. Whitehead, Dennis J. Caine

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 14-21, 2014. Until recently, the scientific community believed that post-exercise stretching could reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), but recent reviews of studies on the topic have concluded that pre- or post-exercise static stretching has no effect on mitigating DOMS. However, the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) post-exercise stretching on preventing DOMS has not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of post-exercise PNF stretching on DOMS. Young adult participants (N=57) were randomly assigned to a PNF stretching group (n=19), a static stretching group (n=20), and …

Comparison Of Academic And Behavioral Performance Between Athletes And Non-Athletes, James Eldridge‡, Ty B. Palmer†, Kyle Gillis†, Richard Lloyd‡, William G. Squires‡, Tinker D. Murray‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 3-13, 2014. The Toronto Charter for Physical Activity (2010) and several national physical activity plans advocate sports participation as an important part of population targeted physical activity for youth. Emerging research evidence also suggests that sports participation during adolescents is linked to significant positive correlations with academic and behavioral performance. The purpose of this study was to compare academic and behavioral performance between male and female public school athletes (Total N=11,139; 38% Female) and non-athletes (Total N=23,891; 52% Female) in a convenient, ethnicity diverse, sample (grades 7 -12) from the state of Texas …

2013 International Journal Of Exercise Science Reviewer List

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(1) : 1-2, 2013.

Effects Of Acute Exercise On Expressions Of Functional Receptors On Cd56dim And Cd56bright Natural Killer Cells, Masatoshi Suzui, Kazuyoshi Takeda, Hideo Yagita, Pang N. Shek, Roy J. Shephard, Ko Okumura

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Mobilization and cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells are regulated by cell surface receptors such as adhesion molecules and activating/inhibitory receptors. In this study, we examined the effects of acute exercise on the expression of these cell surface molecules and receptors.

METHODS: Six healthy male college students (22.8 ± 0.8 years olds) exercised on the cycle ergometer for 30 min at intensities corresponding to the individual onset of blood lactate accumulation level (70-85%VO₂max). Venous blood samples were collected at rest (PRE); just before the end of exercise (END) and 30 (POST 30), 60 (POST 60), 120 (POST …

Reproducibility Of Creatine Kinase: How Useful Is This Measurement Tool?, Bryna Cr Chrismas, Lee Taylor, Sean Carroll, Alexander Smith, Philip Pemberton, Jason C. Siegler, Adrian W. Midgley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Establishing the reproducibility of a measurement is essential for repeated testing to ensure that any systematic change is a result of an external influence (i.e. intervention), as oppossed to normal random variation. Although some degree of error is inherent in any measure, a measurement tool should yield consistent results that do not fluctuate to an unacceptable degree from one test to another. Creatine kinase (CK) is consistently measured in the blood as a marker of exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, its usefulness as a predictive tool to examine the temporal pattern, and magnitude of muscle damage has been questioned. …

Effects Of Whole Body Cryotherapy And Cold Water Immersion On Immune And Inflammatory Markers Following Exercise Induced Muscle Damage, Matthew A. Summers Mr, Corinne Caillaud, Kenneth S. Graham, Jason C. Siegler, Kate M. Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Cold therapies are used regularly in medicine for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) involves exposure to air maintained between -110 and -160^oC, and is hypothesised to reduce pain, local and systemic inflammation. WBC has recently become popular in an exercise and sporting context as a recovery method after skeletal muscle damage. However, research examining the efficacy of WBC in an athletic context is minimal, in particular, studies comparing WBC to currently accepted recovery methods are lacking. Cold water immersion (CWI) is a widely researched and applied method of skeletal muscle recovery in sport science. …

Whole Body Cryotherapy And Recovery From Exercise Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review, Matthew A. Summers, Kate M. Edwards, Jason C. Siegler, Kenneth S. Graham, Corinne Caillaud

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction

Cold therapies are used regularly in medicine for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) involves exposure to air maintained between -110 and -160^oC, and is hypothesised to reduce pain, local and systemic inflammation. WBC has recently become popular in an exercise and sporting context as a recovery method after skeletal muscle damage, however, research examining the efficacy of WBC in an athletic context is minimal. This review seeks to summarise the evidence for the effects of WBC on exercise recovery measures.

Methods

Electronic database searches were conducted from March to April 2013. Six large online …

Effects Of Carbohydrate And Green Tea Co-Ingestion On Performance, Metabolism And Hormone During Cycling Exercise, Shih-Hua Fang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It has been known that carbohydrate intake during exercise can improve athletic performance, and caffeine can extend exercise endurance. Green tea containing caffeine and various polyphenols has been suggested beneficial to athletes due to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of carbohydrate and green tea co-ingestion on the performance, metabolism and hormone during high-intensity road cycling exercise.

Nine well-trained male cyclists, aged 17.8 ± 1.0 yr, participated this acute-treatment, double-blind, crossover study that included 6.4-km cycling time trial. Participants ingested carbohydrate (240 mg/kg body mass fructose and 120 mg/kg body mass glucose) without (CHO group) and …

Releasing The Anti-Inflammatory Potential Of Paralysed Skeletal Muscle: The Circulating Cytokine Response To Voluntary Upper-Limb Exercise With/Without The Addition Of Functional Electrical Stimulation (Fes)-Evoked Lower-Limb Contractions, Thomas Aw Paulson, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Brett M. Smith, Nicolette C. Bishop

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle is a rich store of inflammatory mediating ‘myokines’. Following release from contracting muscle, the myokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes a circulating anti-inflammatory environment associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The metabolic and functional consequences of lower-limb paralysis, including the gain in relative adiposity and physical inactivity, result in a high prevalence of CVD in individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the magnitude of any contraction-induced myokine response in this population may be limited by the small active muscle mass of the upper-limb. The combination of voluntary, upper-limb exercise and involuntary, functional electrical stimulation (FES)-evoked …

Preventive Effect Of Tribulus Terrestris Extract On Exercise-Related Immunosuppression And Its Mechanism, Liang Yin, Gui Liu, Xiaohui Wang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: To investigate preventive effect of Tribulus terrestris extract (TT) on exercise-related immunosuppression in rats and explore the mechanisms- the role of Glucocorticoid (GC), Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) and NF-kB inhibitor protein alpha (IkBa). Methods: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, over-trained group and over-trained plus TT group. The last two groups were trained on a motor-driven treadmill with a progressively increased load for 6 weeks. The over-trained plus TT rats took the medicine by gastric irrigation while the others ingested the same amount of saline. The numbers of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and …

Does Caffeine Influence Salivary Iga Responses In A Dose-Dependent Manner Following High-Intensity Treadmill Exercise?, Deborah K. Fletcher, Chloe A. Gibson, Andrew Kilding

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Caffeine ingestion is associated with enhanced athletic performance, with doses as low as 2 mg.kg^-1 body mass (BM) proving ergogenic. Bishop et al. (2006) have shown that ingesting a 6 mg.kg^-1 BM dose of caffeine 1 h prior to 90 min of cycle exercise at 70%causes a transient increase in saliva Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration both during and immediately following exercise. However, no research has identified if the same response occurs with either lower or higher doses of caffeine. As such the purpose of this study was to examine the dose-response effects of caffeine ingestion on salivary …

Effect Of Extracted Garlic Powder Ingestion For Two Months On Exercise-Induced Immunological Responses, Ayaka Sunami, Hiroshi Tamura, Mikako Sunaga, Naoki Katori, Akira Yokota, Syuichi Kusano, Toshiaki Kodama, Takahiro Yoshizaki, Yuri Yokoyama, Ayumi Nakai, Jyun Yasuda, Yuki Tada, Azumi Hida, Yuko Hasegawa, Yukari Kawano

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Exhaustive exercise is associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection. Previously, allicin supplementation has been reported to reduce the incidence of common cold symptoms and production of exercise-induced interleukin (IL)-6. However, it is not clear if daily ingestion of the edible portion of whole garlic (Allium sativum) alters the exercise-induced immunological response. The present study investigated the effects of extracted garlic powder ingestion for 2 months on immune cell counts, natural killer cell activity (NKCA), as well as changes in cytokines, cortisol, and lactic acid in response to high-intensity cycling exercise.

Methods. The present …

The Effect Of Voluntary Exercise Training On Lps-Induced Tnf-Alpha After Exhaustive Exercise, Hiromi Kitamura, Masataka Uchida, Eri Oyanagi, Hiromi Yano

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

OBJECTIVES: Acute strenuous exercise attenuates inflammatory cytokine production. The attenuation after strenuous exercise is due to the effect of catecholamine. Voluntary exercise training has many beneficial effects, for example enhanced immune function at rest. However, little is known that the influence of voluntary exercise training on pro-inflammatory cytokine in response to pathogen. In this study, we investigated the effect of voluntary exercise training on production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after strenuous exercise.

METHODS: Female F344 rats were divided into two groups, voluntary training and sedentary. The voluntary trained rats engaged in wheel running for …

Effects Of Maternal Separation On Brain Stress Systems: Modulation By Voluntary Exercise In Male Rats, Erin J. Campbell, Morgan H. James, Deborah M. Hodgson, Chris V. Dayas

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Early life stress (ELS) has been shown to predispose animals to anxiety- and depression-like behaviour in adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that repeated stress in adulthood dysregulates the hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin system. The current study examined the effects of maternal separation (MS), a well validated rodent model of ELS, on the expression of anxiety-like behaviour following the re-exposure to stress in adulthood. The pattern of Fos-expression in hypothalamic orexin neurons and stress sensitive brain regions was also characterised. Finally, this study examined whether the effects of this double-hit of stress could be reversed using a voluntary exercise intervention during early adulthood.

Male …