Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (18)
- Pharmacology (15)
- Environmental Health (12)
- Diseases (5)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (3)
-
- Cardiovascular Diseases (3)
- Environmental Public Health (3)
- Other Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health (3)
- Public Health (3)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Chemicals and Drugs (2)
- Medical Sciences (2)
- Medical Specialties (2)
- Molecular Biology (2)
- Nanotechnology (2)
- Neuroscience and Neurobiology (2)
- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (2)
- Physiology (2)
- Anatomy (1)
- Animal Structures (1)
- Animal Studies (1)
- Applied Mathematics (1)
- Behavior and Ethology (1)
- Behavioral Neurobiology (1)
- Biology (1)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (1)
- Cancer Biology (1)
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Toxicology (6)
- Hexavalent chromium (5)
- Health and environmental sciences (4)
- Aging (3)
- Cisplatin (3)
-
- Lung cancer (3)
- Neurotoxicity (3)
- Aldehydes (2)
- Aromatic amines (2)
- Arsenic (2)
- Behavior (2)
- Biological sciences (2)
- Cadmium (2)
- Carcinogenesis (2)
- Cardiovascular disease (2)
- Cathelicidin (2)
- Cytotoxicity (2)
- DNA repair (2)
- Genotoxicity (2)
- Liver disease (2)
- Macrophages (2)
- Pharmacology (2)
- ALD (1)
- AMPs (1)
- Acute kidney injury (1)
- Acute tubular necrosis (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Alarm cue (1)
- Alcohol-associated liver disease (1)
- Alcoholic liver disease (1)
Articles 31 - 45 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Toxicology
Loss Of The Na+/H+ Exchange Regulatory Factor 1 Results In Increased Susceptibility To Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury., Adrienne M. Bushau-Sprinkle
Loss Of The Na+/H+ Exchange Regulatory Factor 1 Results In Increased Susceptibility To Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury., Adrienne M. Bushau-Sprinkle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI), an abrupt loss of kidney function which carries a high mortality and confers an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, develops in 30% of patients who receive cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent [1], [2], [3]. The sodium hydrogen exchange regulatory factor isoform 1 (NHERF1) is a scaffolding protein that anchors multiple membrane proteins, in renal proximal tubules [4]. NHERF-1 deficient mice have aberrant localization of BBM proteins in intracellular compartments [5]. The investigators have recently demonstrated NHERF1 deficient proximal tubule cells have an underlying …
Vinyl Chloride Enhances Diet-Induced Liver Injury Via Metabolic Dyshomeostasis : Critical Role Of Mitochondria., Anna L. Lang
Vinyl Chloride Enhances Diet-Induced Liver Injury Via Metabolic Dyshomeostasis : Critical Role Of Mitochondria., Anna L. Lang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background. Vinyl chloride (VC) is an environmental toxicant and has been shown to be directly hepatotoxic at high exposures. However, recent studies suggest low-level toxicant exposure can cause subtle changes to the liver. Given the high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States, it is important to determine the impact of low-level toxicant exposure on the progression of underlying liver injury when combined with other factors. Therefore, the overarching goal of this dissertation was to develop a model of VC co-exposure with high-fat diet (HFD) and to determine the mechanisms by which VC contributes to the …
Age-Related Host Factors Regulate Lung Cancer Progression., John Caleb Greenwell
Age-Related Host Factors Regulate Lung Cancer Progression., John Caleb Greenwell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cancer is largely a disease of the elderly. In the United States alone, 87% of all cancers in 2017 will be diagnosed in individuals aged 50 years or older. Among them, lung cancer is the deadliest, accounting for 1 in 4 cancer deaths. The 5-year survival rate is below 20%, a number which has not changed substantially over the past several decades. This underscores a desperate need for new strategies in prevention, early detection and treatment of this deadly disease. While tobacco use is unquestionably the number one risk factor for the development of lung cancer, the majority of diagnoses …
Enemy Exacerbation: Effects Of Predator Stress On Sulfate Lethality In Freshwater Amphipods (Gammarus Minus), Trevor Chapman
Enemy Exacerbation: Effects Of Predator Stress On Sulfate Lethality In Freshwater Amphipods (Gammarus Minus), Trevor Chapman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Predator cues can influence how aquatic organisms respond to anthropogenic contaminants. This study examined the effects of predator cues on behavior, metabolic rate, and sulfate (as Na2SO4) toxicity in amphipods (Gammarus minus). Predator cues included alarm cue (macerated conspecifics) and kairomone from mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Amphipods decreased activity and increased time in refuge when exposed to alarm cue, and increased time in refuge when exposed to kairomone. While median lethal concentrations (96-h LC50) were not influenced by predator cues, analysis of dose response curves indicated that kairomone exposure increased amphipod …
Novel Insight Into The Liver-Lung Axis In Alcohol-Enhanced Acute Lung Injury., Lauren G. Poole
Novel Insight Into The Liver-Lung Axis In Alcohol-Enhanced Acute Lung Injury., Lauren G. Poole
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background. Individuals who chronically abuse alcohol are almost 4 times more likely to develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), the most severe form of Acute Lung Injury (ALI), but the mechanisms by which alcohol abuse sensitizes the lung to injury are poorly understood. However, the lung appears to share many parallel mechanisms of injury with the liver- a primary target of alcohol abuse. The overarching goal of this dissertation was therefore to expand on established mechanisms of alcohol-induced liver injury to ask innovative questions about mechanisms of alcohol-enhanced acute lung injury, as well as to develop new tools that may …
The Comparative Cytotoxicity And Genotoxicity Of Hexavalent Chromium In Humans And Sea Turtles., Rachel M. Speer
The Comparative Cytotoxicity And Genotoxicity Of Hexavalent Chromium In Humans And Sea Turtles., Rachel M. Speer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Monitoring the health effects of environmental contaminants can be achieved using sentinel species as models. Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are an endangered marine species that may experience prolonged exposures to environmental contaminants including hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. While Cr(VI) has been identified as a known human carcinogen, the health effects in marine species are poorly understood. In this study the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of particulate and soluble Cr(VI) were assessed in leatherback lung cells and compared to those in human lung cells. Cr(VI) induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in leatherback lung cells indicating Cr(VI) …
Sphingolipids In Models Of Kidney Disease And Injury., Tess V. Dupre
Sphingolipids In Models Of Kidney Disease And Injury., Tess V. Dupre
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting from cisplatin, remains an obstacle in the treatment of cancer. Cisplatin-induced AKI involves cell death pathways regulated by sphingolipids such as ceramide and glucosylceramide. Results indicate that cisplatin-treated mice had increased levels of ceramide and hexosylceramide. Pre-treatment of mice with inhibitors of ceramide synthesis prevented accumulation of ceramide and hexosylceramide in the renal cortex and attenuated cisplatin-induced AKI. To determine the role of ceramide metabolism to hexosylceramides in kidney injury, we treated mice with an inhibitor of glycosphingolipid synthesis. Inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis attenuated the accumulation of the hexosylceramide and exacerbated ceramide accumulation in the …
Mercury Concentrations In Snowy Plovers And Sediments Of Their Breeding Environments In The Southern Great Plains, Laura Duffie
Mercury Concentrations In Snowy Plovers And Sediments Of Their Breeding Environments In The Southern Great Plains, Laura Duffie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Western snowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) are philopatric shorebirds sporadically distributed during the breeding season at saline lake and alkali flat breeding environments of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. The major conservation threat to interior snowy plovers breeding on the SGP derives from anthropogenic modification of breeding environments. The SGP is one of the most intensively cultivated regions in the world, and excessive groundwater mining and resulting deterioration of artesian spring flows reduces site quantity and quality critical for regional successful nesting. Most saline lakes now primarily receive freshwater inputs via irregular precipitation …
Air Pollution, Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, And The Endothelin System In The Development Of Cardiovascular Injury., Jordan B. Finch
Air Pollution, Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, And The Endothelin System In The Development Of Cardiovascular Injury., Jordan B. Finch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this project was to examine the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) as a mediator in the pathway between air pollution exposure and the development of vascular injury. A human cohort and male mice (C57BL/6 and ecSOD-Tg) were used to evaluate changes in the ET-1 system in response to exposures of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Human ET-1 levels were significantly associated with environmental factors and markers of vascular change, but were decreased with increased PM2.5. No association was seen between ET-1 and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) except for EPC-4, possibly indicating a regulatory relationship with this specific population. In …
Mechanisms And Intervention Strategies For Alcohol And Hiv-Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Liver Injury., Hridgandh Donde
Mechanisms And Intervention Strategies For Alcohol And Hiv-Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Liver Injury., Hridgandh Donde
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Chronic alcohol consumption is a leading cause of liver disease and liver-related death worldwide. Alcoholic liver disease includes, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and ultimately fibrosis and cirrhosis. Emerging evidence has established the important role of the “gut-liver” axis in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Our recent work indicated that chronic alcohol induced perturbations in the gut microbiome and consequent changes in fatty acids have a major impact on the development of intestinal barrier dysfunction and ALD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with tributyrin - a butyrate prodrug results in protection against ALD in terms …
Urinary Excretion Of (1-3)-Beta-D-Glucans., Debra K. Head
Urinary Excretion Of (1-3)-Beta-D-Glucans., Debra K. Head
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
(1→3)-β-D-Glucans are carbohydrate polymers that are present in the cell wall of various fungi and bacteria; they are pathogen associated molecular patterns that circulate during infection and modulate immunity. Our laboratory has previously established the pharmacokinetics of intravenously and orally administered glucans; the present studies investigated the renal excretion of (1→3)-β-D-glucans following intravenous and oral administration. Three fluorescently-labeled glucans were administered to adult male rats in the presence or absence of toxic challenge. Urine specimens were collected and analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography and GPC/MALLS. 71 ± 3% of fluorescence remained in the >5K MWCO fraction; this fraction showed …
In Vitro Assessment Of The Toxicity Of Cocaine And Its Metabolites In The Human Umbilical Artery, Tessa L. Long
In Vitro Assessment Of The Toxicity Of Cocaine And Its Metabolites In The Human Umbilical Artery, Tessa L. Long
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An in vitro model was used to assess the effect of cocaine and its metabolites on the umbilical artery. Objectives were to pharmacologically confirm the presence of adrenergic innervation using tyramine, evaluate the ability of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and cocaethylene to potentiate vasoconstriction by serotonin and norepinephrine, examine the ability of ketanserin to block the enhanced vasoconstriction produced by cocaine, and determine displacement of 3 H-ketanserin by serotonin, norepinephrine, tyramine and mianserin. The vasoconstrictive effect of tyramine (100 μM) was enhanced in the presence of cocaine by 257%. Vasoconstrictive effects of serotonin and norepinephrine were significantly enhanced by cocaine by …
Indomethacin Reduces Splenic Red Pulp Macrophage Populations In Female New Zealand White Rabbits, Thane S. Thurmond
Indomethacin Reduces Splenic Red Pulp Macrophage Populations In Female New Zealand White Rabbits, Thane S. Thurmond
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In an effort to elucidate the mechanism by which indomethacin (IN) attenuates the stimulatory effect of estradiol (E$\sb2$) on rabbit splenic red pulp macrophages (RPM), thirty-nine female New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 10 groups: ovariectomized (OVX), OVX/IN at 0.1 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day; sham OVX (SOVX), SOVX/IN at 0.1 and 5.0 mg/kg bw/day; OVX/25 mg E2, OVX/25 mg E$\sb2$/IN at 0.1 and 5.0 mg/kg bw/day; intact Control. Quantitative changes in RPM population in response to the treatments were measured using a 0 to 4 histologic grading scale. Estradiol treatment resulted in increased RPM grade when compared …
The Effect Of Trimethyltin On The Cholinergic System Of The Rat Hippocampus, Richard L. Cannon
The Effect Of Trimethyltin On The Cholinergic System Of The Rat Hippocampus, Richard L. Cannon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Trimethyltin (TMT) is a neurotoxin occurring in the environment. Exposure to (TMT) is known to destroy specific neuronal components of the hippocampus in the rat and to cause clinical symptoms in exposed humans, including mnemonic deficits, that indicate hippocampal involvement. In addition to hippocampal cell loss TMT causes significant increases in cholinergic markers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stain density and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the hippocampus of rats. However, despite these observations the effect of TMT on hippocampal cholinergic system has not been investigated in detail. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate more fully the consequences …
Nitrogen Dioxide Reaction With Proteins: Evidence For Peptide Bond Cleavage At Lysine Residues, Darryl B. Hood
Nitrogen Dioxide Reaction With Proteins: Evidence For Peptide Bond Cleavage At Lysine Residues, Darryl B. Hood
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nitrogen dioxide (NO$\sb2$), an air pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels and a component of cigarette smoke, is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema. To gain information on the mechanism by which NO$\sb2$ damages the lung, in vitro exposures of $\alpha\sb1$-proteinase inhibitor ($\alpha\sb1$-PI), elastin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and synthetic poly-L-lysine were performed. A genetic deficiency of $\alpha\sb1$-PI predisposes humans to emphysema and NO$\sb2$ has been hypothesized to damage $\alpha\sb1$-PI, which would leave proteases such as human neutrophil elastase, (HNE) free to attack lung structural proteins. The ability of $\alpha\sb1$-PI …