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Articles 541 - 570 of 1074

Full-Text Articles in Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics

High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Fampridine, Paroxetine, And Quinidine In Rat Plasma: Application To In Vivo Perfusion Study, S. Achanti, R.R. Katta Jul 2020

High-Throughput Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Fampridine, Paroxetine, And Quinidine In Rat Plasma: Application To In Vivo Perfusion Study, S. Achanti, R.R. Katta

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A selective and high-throughput liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of paroxetine, fampridine, and quinidine in rat plasma using imipramine as an internal standard. Following protein precipitation extraction, the analytes and internal standard were run on XBridge C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a gradient mobile phase consisting of 5mM ammonium formate in water (pH 9.0) and acetonitrile in a flow gradience program. The precursor and product ions of the drugs were monitored on a triple quadrupole instrument operated in the positive ionization mode. The method was validated over …

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Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based On Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode Modified By Copper Nanoparticles, S. Pourbeyram, K. Mehdizadeh Jul 2020

Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based On Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode Modified By Copper Nanoparticles, S. Pourbeyram, K. Mehdizadeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified by copper nanoparticles [Cu(NP)] was prepared for the first time. The prepared Cu(NP) exhibited an absorption peak centered at ∼562 nm using UV-visible spectrophotometry and an almost homogenous spherical shape by scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry of Cu(NP)-PGE showed an adsorption controlled charge transfer process up to 90.0 mVs−1The sensor was applied for the determination of glucose using an amperometry technique with a detection limit of [0.44 (±0.01) μM] and concentration sensitivity of [1467.5 (±1.3) μA/mMcm−2]. The preparation of the Cu(NP)-PGE sensor was reproducible (relative standard deviation …

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Antifatigue And Increasing Exercise Performance Of Actinidia Arguta Crude Alkaloids In Mice, Y. Liu, C. Liu Jul 2020

Antifatigue And Increasing Exercise Performance Of Actinidia Arguta Crude Alkaloids In Mice, Y. Liu, C. Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex. Miq. is one of the most recently domesticated fruit species with increasing commercial production worldwide. It is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and is used to reduce blood glucose and treat atopic dermatitis. In addition, it possesses antioxidant, anticancer, and antiallergic properties. In this study, we investigated the physical antifatigue and exercise performance effects of A. arguta crude alkaloids (AACA) extracted with 70% ethanol. Four groups of male Kunming mice (n = 16) were orally administered AACA at doses of 0 mg/kg/d (vehicle), 50 mg/kg/d (AACA-50), 100 mg/kg/d (AACA-100), or 200 mg/kg/d (AACA-200) …

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Production Of A Monoclonal Antibody Against Aflatoxin M1 And Its Application For Detection Of Aflatoxin M1 In Fortified Milk, U. Chadseesuwan, A. Sangdokmai, U. Pimpitak, S. Puthong, T. Palaga, K. Komolpis Jul 2020

Production Of A Monoclonal Antibody Against Aflatoxin M1 And Its Application For Detection Of Aflatoxin M1 In Fortified Milk, U. Chadseesuwan, A. Sangdokmai, U. Pimpitak, S. Puthong, T. Palaga, K. Komolpis

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a toxic metabolite of the fungal product aflatoxin found in milk. For food safety concern, maximum residual limits of AFM1 in milk and dairy products have been differently enforced in many countries. A suitable detection method is required to screen a large number of product samples for the AFM1 contamination. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against AFM1 were generated using a conventional somatic cell fusion technique. After screening, five MAbs (AFM1-1, AFM1-3, AFM1-9, AFM1-11, and AFM1-17) were obtained that showed cross-reactivity with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) but with no other tested compounds. …

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Hygienic Quality, Adulteration Of Pork And Histamine Production By Raoultella Ornithinolytica In Milkfish Dumpling, Y.-C. Lee, Y.-F. Chen, Y.-L. Huang, H.-F. Kung, T.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Tsai Jul 2020

Hygienic Quality, Adulteration Of Pork And Histamine Production By Raoultella Ornithinolytica In Milkfish Dumpling, Y.-C. Lee, Y.-F. Chen, Y.-L. Huang, H.-F. Kung, T.-Y. Chen, Y.-H. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ten milkfish dumpling products purchased from retail stores in southern Taiwan were collected to determine the occurrence of biogenic amines, histamine-forming bacteria, and adulteration of pork. This study showed the high contents of aerobic plate count (APC), total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli in tested milkfish dumpling samples, whereas the average content of various biogenic amines in all tested samples was < 1.6 mg/100 g (< 0.05 to 1.54 mg/100 g). Three histamine-producing bacterial strains (2 isolates of Raoultella ornithinolytica and 1 isolate of Enterobacter aerogenes) isolated from tested samples produced 276.6 ppm to 561.8 ppm of histamine in trypticase soy broth supplemented with 1.0% L-histidine (TSBH). Assay of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the adulteration rates were 50% (5/10) for pork in milkfish dumplings. In addition, milkfish dumpling stuffing was inoculated with R. ornithinolytica at 5.0 log colony forming units (CFU)/g and stored at various temperatures from 4°C to 37°C to investigate bacterial growth and formation of histamine. The histamine contents quickly increased to higher than 50 mg/100 g in samples stored at 37°C and 25°C within 24 hours and 36 hours, respectively, as well as stored at 15°C within 48 hours. Therefore, bacterial growth and histamine formation were controlled by cold storage of the samples at 4°C. © 2016

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Hydrolysis Of Isoflavone In Black Soy Milk Using Cellulose Bead As Enzyme Immobilizer, K.-I. Chen, Y. Yao, H.-J. Chen, Y.-C. Lo, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

Hydrolysis Of Isoflavone In Black Soy Milk Using Cellulose Bead As Enzyme Immobilizer, K.-I. Chen, Y. Yao, H.-J. Chen, Y.-C. Lo, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The establishment of a catalytic system to enrich isoflavone aglycones in black soybean milk was investigated in this study. Beta-glucosidase, which was covalently immobilized onto cellulose beads, exhibited a significant efficiency for the conversion of 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide to p-nitrophenol over the sol–gel method. The Michaelis constant (Km) of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was determined to be 1.50 ± 0.10 mM. Operational reusability of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was justified for more than 10 batch reactions in black soy milk. Moreover, the storage stability verification indicated that the cellulose bead catalytic system was able to sustain its highest catalytic …

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Characterization Of Yogurts Made With Milk Solids Nonfat By Rheological Behavior And Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, H.-Y. Yu, L. Wang, K.L. Mccarthy Jul 2020

Characterization Of Yogurts Made With Milk Solids Nonfat By Rheological Behavior And Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, H.-Y. Yu, L. Wang, K.L. Mccarthy

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effect of adding milk solids nonfat (MSNF) on the physical properties and microstructure of yogurts was investigated. The physical properties of fat free yogurt, fat free with MSNF yogurt, whole fat yogurt, and whole fat with MSNF yogurt were analyzed using shear viscosity, viscoelasticity, and texture analysis. The two yogurts with MSNF had higher consistency coefficient (K), storage modulus (G′), yield stress, and hardness. To gain insight into the multiphase system, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and brightfield microscope images were acquired. The addition of MSNF significantly modified NMR relaxation time; T1 values were reduced significantly. Brightfield microscope images showed …

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Inhibitory Mechanism Against Oxidative Stress Of Caffeic Acid, F.A. Khan, A. Maalik, G. Murtaza Jul 2020

Inhibitory Mechanism Against Oxidative Stress Of Caffeic Acid, F.A. Khan, A. Maalik, G. Murtaza

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The purpose of this article is to summarize the reported antioxidant activities of a naturally abundant bioactive phenolic acid, caffeic acid (CA, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), so that new avenues for future research involving CA can be explored. CA is abundantly found in coffee, fruits, vegetables, oils, and tea. CA is among the most potential and abundantly found in nature, hydroxycinnamic acids with the potential of antioxidant behavior. Reactive oxygen species produced as a result of endogenous processes can lead to pathophysiological disturbances in the human body. Foods containing phenolic substances are a potential source for free radical scavenging; these chemicals are …

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Proteomic Changes Associated With Metabolic Syndrome In A Fructose-Fed Rat Model, C.-C. Hsieh, C.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Liao, L.S. Hwang, L.-Y. Wu, S.-C. Hsieh Jul 2020

Proteomic Changes Associated With Metabolic Syndrome In A Fructose-Fed Rat Model, C.-C. Hsieh, C.-C. Liao, Y.-C. Liao, L.S. Hwang, L.-Y. Wu, S.-C. Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a constellation of disorders such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, is becoming a major global public health problem. Fructose consumption has increased dramatically over the past several decades and with it the incidence of MetS. However, its molecular mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, we used male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to study the pathological mechanism of fructose induced MetS. The SD rats were fed a 60% high-fructose diet for 16 weeks to induce MetS. The induction of MetS was confirmed by blood biochemistry examination. Proteomics were used to investigate the differential hepatic …

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Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorbed On Eremomycin And Grafted On Silica As New Mixed-Binary Chiral Sorbent For Improved Enantioseparation Of Drugs, I.A. Fedorova, E.N. Shapovalova, O.A. Shpigun, S.M. Staroverov Jul 2020

Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorbed On Eremomycin And Grafted On Silica As New Mixed-Binary Chiral Sorbent For Improved Enantioseparation Of Drugs, I.A. Fedorova, E.N. Shapovalova, O.A. Shpigun, S.M. Staroverov

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new silica-based, mixed-binary chiral sorbent grafted with the macrocyclic antibiotic eremomycin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained. The sorbent-filled high-performance liquid chromatography column was capable of enantioseparation of racemic drugs, such as profens, in reversed-phase-chromatography mode. The mixed-binary eremomycin-BSA-sorbent showed better capability for profens enantioseparation as compared with a sorbent containing eremomycin only. BSA grafted onto the sorbent surface significantly reduced retention times of other proteins from the analyte solution, and free proteins (including BSA) injected as analytes were not retained on the column, and subsequently eluted with a dead volume. The drastic difference observed in the binding …

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Antibacterial And Laxative Activities Of Strictinin Isolated From Pu'er Tea (Camellia Sinensis), S.-K. Hsieh, J.-R. Xu, N.-H. Lin, Y.-C. Li, G.-H. Chen, P.-C. Kuo, W.-Y. Chen, J.T.C. Tzen Jul 2020

Antibacterial And Laxative Activities Of Strictinin Isolated From Pu'er Tea (Camellia Sinensis), S.-K. Hsieh, J.-R. Xu, N.-H. Lin, Y.-C. Li, G.-H. Chen, P.-C. Kuo, W.-Y. Chen, J.T.C. Tzen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Strictinin, the major phenolic compound in Pu'er teas produced from young leaves and buds of wild trees, was isolated to evaluate its antibacterial and laxative activities. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of strictinin against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were determined as 250 μM and 2000 μM, respectively, apparently higher than those of several antibiotics commonly used for bacterial infections. The additive and synergistic effects on the inhibitory activities of strictinin combined with other commercial antibiotics were observed in two bacteria tested in this study via the analysis of fractional inhibitory concentrations. Laxative activity was observed on defecation of the rats …

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Nanotechnology In Food Science: Functionality, Applicability, And Safety Assessment, X. He, H.-M. Hwang Jul 2020

Nanotechnology In Food Science: Functionality, Applicability, And Safety Assessment, X. He, H.-M. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rapid development of nanotechnology is expected to transform many areas of food science and food industry with increasing investment and market share. In this article, current applications of nanotechnology in food systems are briefly reviewed. Functionality and applicability of food-related nanotechnology are highlighted in order to provide a comprehensive view on the development and safety assessment of nanotechnology in the food industry. While food nanotechnology offers great potential benefits, there are emerging concerns arising from its novel physicochemical properties. Therefore, the safety concerns and regulatory policies on its manufacturing, processing, packaging, and consumption are briefly addressed. At the end of …

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Sedative And Hypnotic Effects Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extraction From Schisandra Chinensis In Mice, H. Zhu, L. Zhang, G. Wang, Z. He, Y. Zhao, Y. Xu, Y. Gao, L. Zhang Jul 2020

Sedative And Hypnotic Effects Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Extraction From Schisandra Chinensis In Mice, H. Zhu, L. Zhang, G. Wang, Z. He, Y. Zhao, Y. Xu, Y. Gao, L. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for treating insomnia and neurasthenia for centuries. Lignans, which are considered to be the bioactive components, are apt to be extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. This study was conducted to investigate the sedative and hypnotic activities of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction of S. chinensis (SFES) in mice and the possible mechanisms. SFES exhibited an obvious sedative effect on shortening the locomotor activity in mice in a dose-dependent (10–200 mg/kg) manner. SFES (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, intragstrically) showed a strong hypnotic effect in synergy with …

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Composition Of Asarum Heterotropoides Var. Mandshuricum Radix Oil From Different Extraction Methods And Activities Against Human Body Odor-Producing Bacteria, A.S.M.T. Haque, J.N. Moon, P.S. Saravana, A. Tilahun, B.-S. Chun Jul 2020

Composition Of Asarum Heterotropoides Var. Mandshuricum Radix Oil From Different Extraction Methods And Activities Against Human Body Odor-Producing Bacteria, A.S.M.T. Haque, J.N. Moon, P.S. Saravana, A. Tilahun, B.-S. Chun

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, oils from Asarum heterotropoides were extracted by traditional solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction methods and their antioxidant activities along with antimicrobial and inhibitory activities against five human body odor-producing bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium jeikeium, and Corynebacterium xerosis) were evaluated. The oil was found to contain 15 components, among which the most abundant component was methyl eugenol (37.6%), which was identified at every condition studied in different extraction methods. The oil extracted with n-hexane and ethanol mixture exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (92% ± 2%) and the highest ABTS and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging …

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Investigation Of Aluminum Content Of Imported Candies And Snack Foods In Taiwan, T.S. Yeh, Y.-T. Liu, P.-J. Liou, H.-P. Li, C.-C. Chen Jul 2020

Investigation Of Aluminum Content Of Imported Candies And Snack Foods In Taiwan, T.S. Yeh, Y.-T. Liu, P.-J. Liou, H.-P. Li, C.-C. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Candies, chewing gums, dried fruits, jellies, chocolate, and shredded squid pieces imported from 17 countries were surveyed for their aluminum content. The samples were bought from candy shops, supermarkets, and convenience stores, and through online shopping. Sample selection focused on imported candies and snacks. A total of 67 samples, including five chewing gums, seven dried fruits, 13 chocolates, two jellies, two dried squid pieces, and 38 candies, were analyzed. The content of aluminum was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The limit of quantitation for aluminum was 1.53 mg/kg. The content of aluminum ranged from not …

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In Vitro Prebiotic Effects And Quantitative Analysis Of Bulnesia Sarmienti Extract, M.A. Reza, M.A. Hossain, S.-J. Lee, J.-C. Kim, S.-C. Park Jul 2020

In Vitro Prebiotic Effects And Quantitative Analysis Of Bulnesia Sarmienti Extract, M.A. Reza, M.A. Hossain, S.-J. Lee, J.-C. Kim, S.-C. Park

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Prebiotics are used to influence the growth, colonization, survival, and activity of probiotics, and enhance the innate immunity, thus improving the health status of the host. The survival, growth, and activity of probiotics are often interfered with by intrinsic factors and indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract (BSAE) was evaluated for the growth-promoting activity of different strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a simple, precise, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of active prebiotic ingredients in the extract. Different strains of L. acidophilus (probiotic) were incubated in …

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Certification Of Caffeine Reference Material Purity By Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry And High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Diode-Array Detection As Two Independent Analytical Methods, A.B. Shehata, M.S. Rizk, E.A. Rend Jul 2020

Certification Of Caffeine Reference Material Purity By Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry And High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Diode-Array Detection As Two Independent Analytical Methods, A.B. Shehata, M.S. Rizk, E.A. Rend

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Caffeine reference material certified for purity is produced worldwide, but no research work on the details of the certification process has been published in the literature. In this paper, we report the scientific details of the preparation and certification of pure caffeine reference materials. Caffeine was prepared by extraction from roasted and ground coffee by dichloromethane after heating in deionized water mixed with magnesium oxide. The extract was purified, dried, and bottled in dark glass vials. Stratified random selection was applied to select a number of vials for homogeneity and stability studies, which revealed that the prepared reference material is …

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Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Onion Extract And Their Application For The Preparation Of A Modified Electrode For Determination Of Ascorbic Acid, M.A. Khalilzadeh, M. Borzoo Jul 2020

Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Onion Extract And Their Application For The Preparation Of A Modified Electrode For Determination Of Ascorbic Acid, M.A. Khalilzadeh, M. Borzoo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A high-quality method for one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using onion extracts as reductant and stabilizer is reported. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed that the AgNP absorption band was located at a peak of 397 nm in aqueous solution. Both XRD and TEM results confirmed that the AgNPs were mainly spherical with average diameters of 6.0 nm by TEM and about 5.3–10.2 nm calculated using XRD data. The ability of AgNPs to reduce charge transfer resistance was also investigated using electrochemical impedance …

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Suppression Of Erk1/2 And Hypoxia Pathways By Four Phyllanthus Species Inhibits Metastasis Of Human Breast Cancer Cells, S.H. Lee, I.B. Jaganath, N. Atiya, R. Manikam, S.D. Sekaran Jul 2020

Suppression Of Erk1/2 And Hypoxia Pathways By Four Phyllanthus Species Inhibits Metastasis Of Human Breast Cancer Cells, S.H. Lee, I.B. Jaganath, N. Atiya, R. Manikam, S.D. Sekaran

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chemotherapies remain far from ideal due to drug resistance; therefore, novel chemotherapeutic agents with higher effectiveness are crucial. The extracts of four Phyllanthus species, namely Phyllanthus niruri, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus watsonii, and Phyllanthus amarus, were shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7). The main objective of this study was to determine the pathways utilized by these four Phyllanthus species to exert anti-metastatic activities. A cancer 10-pathway reporter was used to investigate the pathways affected by the four Phyllanthus species. Results indicated that these Phyllanthus species suppressed breast carcinoma metastasis and proliferation by suppressing matrix metalloprotein …

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Effect Of Goat Milk On Hepatotoxicity Induced By Antitubercular Drugs In Rats, S. Miglani, R.R. Patyar, S. Patyar, M.R. Reshi Jul 2020

Effect Of Goat Milk On Hepatotoxicity Induced By Antitubercular Drugs In Rats, S. Miglani, R.R. Patyar, S. Patyar, M.R. Reshi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aim of the present study was to assess the hepatoprotective activity of goat milk on antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats using a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide given orally as a suspension for 30 days. Treatment groups received goat milk along with antitubercular drugs. Liver damage was assessed using biochemical and histological parameters. Administration of goat milk (20 mL/kg) along with antitubercular drugs (Group III) reversed the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (82 ± 25.1 vs. 128.8 ± 8.9 units/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (174.7 ± 31.5 vs. 296.4 ± 56.4 units/L, p < 0.01) compared with antitubercular drug treatment Group II. There was a significant decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (41.8 ± 4.1 vs. 128.8 ± 8.9 units/L, p < 0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase (128.8 ± 8.54 vs. 296.4 ± 56.4 units/L, p < 0.001) levels in Group IV (goat milk 40 mL/kg) compared with antitubercular drug treatment Group II. Goat milk (20 mL/kg and 40 mL/kg) was effective in reversing the rise in malondialdehyde level compared with the antitubercular drug suspension groups (58.5 ± 2 vs. 89.88 ± 2.42 μmol/mL of tissue homogenate, p < 0.001 and 69.7 ± 0.78 vs. 89.88 ± 2.42 μmol/mL of tissue homogenate, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, both doses of milk significantly prevented a fall in superoxide dismutase level (6.23 ± 0.29 vs. 3.1 ± 0.288 units/mL, p < 0.001 and 7.8 ± 0.392 vs. 3.1 ± 0.288 units/mL, p < 0.001) compared with the group receiving antitubercular drugs alone. Histological examination indicated that goat milk reduced inflammation and necrotic changes in hepatocytes in the treatment groups. The results indicated that goat milk prevented the antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity and is an effective hepatoprotective agent. © 2016

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Assessment Of The Pharmacokinetics, Removal Rate Of Hemodialysis, And Safety Of Lactulose In Hemodialysis Patients, C.-J. Lin, C.-F. Pan, S.-Y. Ju, H.-K. Tzeng, S.-W. Chen, J.-T. Syu, C.-J. Wu Jul 2020

Assessment Of The Pharmacokinetics, Removal Rate Of Hemodialysis, And Safety Of Lactulose In Hemodialysis Patients, C.-J. Lin, C.-F. Pan, S.-Y. Ju, H.-K. Tzeng, S.-W. Chen, J.-T. Syu, C.-J. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lactulose is often used to treat hepatic encephalopathy or constipation, and also exhibits benefits to chronic renal insufficiency due to reduce nitrogen-related products in serum. The present study investigated the pharmacokinetics of lactulose, its removal rate through dialysis, and safety by administering lactulose 6.5 g (Lagnos Jelly Divided Pack 16.05 g) orally to six hemodialysis patients who resided in Taiwan. As a result, the means of maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and Time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were 3090 ± 970 ng/mL and 6.5 ± 2.3 hours, respectively. The mean plasma concentration was 2220 ± 986 ng/mL after administration for 24 …

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Myrciaria Cauliflora Extract Improves Diabetic Nephropathy Via Suppression Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Mice, J.-D. Hsu, C.-C. Wu, C.-N. Hung, C.-J. Wang, H.-P. Huang Jul 2020

Myrciaria Cauliflora Extract Improves Diabetic Nephropathy Via Suppression Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Mice, J.-D. Hsu, C.-C. Wu, C.-N. Hung, C.-J. Wang, H.-P. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Myrciaria cauliflora is a functional food rich in anthocyanins, possessing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous results demonstrated M. cauliflora extract (MCE) had beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and via the inhibition of Ras/PI3K/Akt and kidney fibrosis-related proteins. The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of MCE in diabetes associated with kidney inflammation and glycemic regulation in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ/NA)-induced diabetic mice. Compared with the untreated diabetic group, MCE significantly improved blood glucose and serum biochemical characteristic levels. Exposure to MCE increased antioxidative enzyme activity and diminished reactive oxygen synthesis. Mice receiving MCE supplementation had reduced intercellular …

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7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, X. He, L. Ma, Q. Xia, P.P. Fu Jul 2020

7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, X. He, L. Ma, Q. Xia, P.P. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread throughout the world and are the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. PAs require metabolic activation to form reactive dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (dehydro-PAs) that are capable of alkylating cellular DNA and proteins, form (±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-DNA and DHP-protein adducts, and lead to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and tumorigenicity. In this study, we determined that the metabolism of riddelliine and monocrotaline by human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of N-acetylcysteine both produced 7-N-acetylcysteine-DHP (7-NAC-DHP) and DHP. Reactions of 7-NAC-DHP with 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG), 2′-deoxyadenosine (dA), and calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution followed by …

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A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods, N.-D. Chen, T. You, J. Li, L.-T. Bai, J.-W. Hao, X.-Y. Xu Jul 2020

A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods, N.-D. Chen, T. You, J. Li, L.-T. Bai, J.-W. Hao, X.-Y. Xu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Plant tissue culture technique is widely used in the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plants and it is crucial for tissue culture stocks to obtain the ability to produce similar bioactive components as their wild correspondences. In this paper, a headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method combined with chemometric methods was applied to analyze and evaluate the volatile compounds in tissue-cultured and wild Dendrobium huoshanense Cheng and Tang, Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and Dendrobium moniliforme (Linn.) Sw. In total, 63 volatile compounds were separated, with 53 being identified from the three Dendrobium spp. samples. Different provenances of …

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Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L., S. Wang, Y. Zheng, F. Xiang, S. Li, G. Yang Jul 2020

Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L., S. Wang, Y. Zheng, F. Xiang, S. Li, G. Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Momordica charantia L., a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, has been used as an antimutagenic, antihelminthic, anticancer, antifertility, and antidiabetic agent in traditional folk medicine. In this study, the antifungal activity of M. charantia seed extract toward Fusarium solani L. was evaluated. Results showed that M. charantia seed extract effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani, with a 50% inhibitory rate (IC50) value of 108.934 μg/mL. Further analysis with optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the seed extract led to deformation of cells with irregular budding, loss of integrity of cell wall, as well as disruption of …

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Effects Of Carbonyl Iron Powder On Iron Deficiency Anemia And Its Subchronic Toxicity, Q. Zhu, Y. Qian, Y. Yang, W. Wu, J. Xie, D. Wei Jul 2020

Effects Of Carbonyl Iron Powder On Iron Deficiency Anemia And Its Subchronic Toxicity, Q. Zhu, Y. Qian, Y. Yang, W. Wu, J. Xie, D. Wei

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carbonyl iron powder (CIP) has been used as a food additive or mineral supplement. However, the effects of CIP on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and its subchronic toxicity have not been investigated. We found that oral administration of CIP at a dose of 2.96 mg/kg recovered the hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes of IDA rats to the normal level after 8 days. The no observed adverse effect level of CIP in rats was considered to be > 200 mg/kg. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the rats did not differ significantly between the control and treated groups. There were no morphological …

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A Survey Of Aflatoxin M1 In Cow Milk In Southern Iran, M. Hashemi Jul 2020

A Survey Of Aflatoxin M1 In Cow Milk In Southern Iran, M. Hashemi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to evaluate aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in 168 samples of raw milk (135 samples and 33 samples from bulk tanks of farms and milk collection centers, respectively) and 12 samples of pasteurized milk in Fars province, Southern Iran. AFM1 was found in 55.56% of the samples with a mean concentration of 21.31 ng/L. The concentration of AFM1 in raw milk samples from farms was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in samples from collection centers and pasteurized milk. The concentration of AFM1 was not influenced by season, location, or type of farm. The concentrations of AFM1 in all samples were lower than the Iranian national standard limit (100 ng/L), but in 30% of raw cow milk samples they were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union (50 ng/L); therefore, more effort is needed to control AFM1 levels in milk produced in Southern Iran. © 2016

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Bioactive Compounds And Antioxidative Activity Of Colored Rice Bran, Y.-P. Huang, H.-M. Lai Jul 2020

Bioactive Compounds And Antioxidative Activity Of Colored Rice Bran, Y.-P. Huang, H.-M. Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The profiles of bioactive compounds (including phenolics and flavonoids in free and bound fractions, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, vitamin E, and γ-oryzanol) of outer and inner rice bran from six colored rice samples collected from local markets were investigated. Proanthocyanidins could only be detected in red rice bran but not in black rice bran. The free fraction of the extracts dominated the total phenolics (72–92%) and the total flavonoids (72–96%) of colored rice bran. Most of the phenolic acids (83–97%) in colored rice bran were present in the bound form. Protocatechualdehyde was identified for the first time in the bound fraction of …

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Inhibitory Effects Of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract From Ziyang Tea Against Human Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mitochondria Molecular Mechanism, W. Li, N. He, L. Tian, X. Shi, X. Yang Jul 2020

Inhibitory Effects Of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract From Ziyang Tea Against Human Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mitochondria Molecular Mechanism, W. Li, N. He, L. Tian, X. Shi, X. Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A polyphenol-enriched extract from selenium-enriched Ziyang green tea (ZTP) was selected to evaluate its antitumor effects against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In ZTP, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (28.2%) was identified as the major catechin, followed by (−)-epigallocatechin (5.7%) and (−)-epicatechin gallate (12.6%). ZTP was shown to inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 172.2 μg/mL) by blocking cell-cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptotic death. Western blotting assay indicated that ZTP induced cell-cycle arrest by upregulation of p53 and reduced the expression of CDK2 in MCF-7 cells. ZTP-caused cell apoptosis was associated with an increase in …

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Quantitation Of Curcuminoid Contents, Dissolution Profile, And Volatile Oil Content Of Turmeric Capsules Produced At Some Secondary Government Hospitals, C. Monton, L. Charoenchai, J. Suksaeree, L. Sueree Jul 2020

Quantitation Of Curcuminoid Contents, Dissolution Profile, And Volatile Oil Content Of Turmeric Capsules Produced At Some Secondary Government Hospitals, C. Monton, L. Charoenchai, J. Suksaeree, L. Sueree

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this work was to validate the simple and rapid isocratic reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography using a C-18 column for the determination of curcuminoid contents, dissolution profile, and volatile oil content of turmeric capsules produced at three secondary government hospitals. The validated reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for three curcuminoids (bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin) had a good linearity (R2 > 0.9990), accuracy (% recovery was 99.96–101.14%, 97.42–102.23%, and 98.01–99.12% for bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin, respectively), precision (% relative standard deviation < 2% and < 5% for intraday and interday precision, respectively), including limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and system suitability. We found that turmeric capsules had a higher content of curcumin than bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin. The total curcuminoid contents of all lots ranged from 12.02%w/w to 14.36%w/w. Dissolution profiles of curcuminoids were fitted with Higuchi model. Moreover, volatile oil content, determined using the hydrodistillation method, ranged from 7.00%v/w to 8.00%v/w. In conclusion, all nine lots of turmeric capsules from three secondary government hospitals met the standard criteria of the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia in the topic of curcuminoid contents, dissolution, and volatile oil content. © 2016

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