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Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Evaluation Of Cm-2,525 As A Neuroprotectant Against Sarin: A Comparison With 8-Oh-Dpat, Amanda R. Furman
Evaluation Of Cm-2,525 As A Neuroprotectant Against Sarin: A Comparison With 8-Oh-Dpat, Amanda R. Furman
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Exposure to the chemical warfare agent sarin produces long term neurological deficits. The long term medical consequences could be averted with the development of neuroprotectants to preserve brain function. In our mouse model, the combination of the carboxylesterase inhibitor 2-(o-cresyl)-4H-1:3:2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide (CBDP) with the organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent sarin was used to render mice more sensitive to poisoning and reduce the amount of hydrogen fluoride cleaved from sarin during binding to esterases. Since carboxylesterase acts as a scavenger, reducing the levels causes sarin to have a greater inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase. These smaller doses permitted the use of doses similar to …
Low Dose Nerve Agent Sarin Causes Dilated Cardiomyopathy And Autonomic Imbalance In Mice, Swapnil Vijay Shewale
Low Dose Nerve Agent Sarin Causes Dilated Cardiomyopathy And Autonomic Imbalance In Mice, Swapnil Vijay Shewale
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Sarin, a lethal chemical nerve agent, may be a causative factor in multifactorial syndrome implicated in the Gulf War and Tokyo terrorist attacks. While high dose results in seizure and death, low dose exposure may lead to autonomic imbalance and chronic cardiac pathologies. In the present study, echocardiography and electrocardiography were used to examine the late onset effects of a low dose sarin on cardiac structure and function in mice. Stress responsiveness of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis was also tested. Findings demonstrate changes consistent with a dilated cardiomyopathy, including left ventricular dilatation, reduced contractility, and altered electrophysiological and …
Novel Neuroprotectants For Sarin Plus Cbdp Induced Convulsions, Kaushal V. Joshi
Novel Neuroprotectants For Sarin Plus Cbdp Induced Convulsions, Kaushal V. Joshi
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Sarin, also known as Sarin (German agent B) is classified as a weapon of mass destruction. Sarin (O-isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate) is a highly toxic nerve agent originally produced for chemical warfare and has been used in terrorist activities. Sarin is an extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with high specificity and affinity for the enzyme. High sarin doses causes death due to anoxia resulting from airway obstruction, weakness of the muscles of respiration, respiratory failure and convulsions. Current treatments are still not effective at protecting against long term effects following exposure. A current approach aims to counteract the increased glutamatergic and cholinergic …
Effect Of Low-Dose Sarin Exposure On The Neurochemistry Of Different Brain Structures In Mice, Dhawal Pravin Oswal
Effect Of Low-Dose Sarin Exposure On The Neurochemistry Of Different Brain Structures In Mice, Dhawal Pravin Oswal
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Sarin (GB) is a toxic organophosphate (OP) nerve agent that was released in the Gulf War and was used in terrorist attacks in Japan. People who survive such attacks exhibit various long-term effects including alterations in neuropsychological performances. It has also been hypothesized that the Gulf War Illness could be a result of low level exposure to OP's. In order to understand the effect of low dose exposure to GB on physiological and behavioral functions, we analyzed the levels of monoamines and their metabolites in different brain areas after exposure of mice to a sublethal dose of GB. Mice (male …
Neurodegeneration And Neuroinflammation In A Mouse Model Of Sarin Exposure, Molly Elizabeth Davidson
Neurodegeneration And Neuroinflammation In A Mouse Model Of Sarin Exposure, Molly Elizabeth Davidson
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Sarin is an organophosphorus (OP) ester chemical warfare agent (CWA) that has been used in past terrorist attacks. It remains a threat today because of its ease of manufacture and dispersal. Sarin acts by irreversibly inactivating acetylcholinesterase and interfering with neurotransmission by allowing acetylcholine to build up at neuro-effector junctions, where it continuously elicits a response. Symptoms of sarin toxicity include seizures, hypersecretions, respiratory distress and death in extreme cases. Previous studies on OP poisoning indicate that sarin exposure causes neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in conjunction with seizure activity. In order to determine the mode of neuronal death and the extent …