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Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Commons™
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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
The Expression Of Mtor And Trib3 In Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells, Katie Lazur
The Expression Of Mtor And Trib3 In Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells, Katie Lazur
Senior Theses and Projects
Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system that are responsible for producing the myelin sheath which allows for faster neuronal firing rates. Myelin production is a metabolically expensive process, which requires the oligodendrocytes to be aware of the nutrients are available to them. It has been demonstrated that the mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is required for the later stages of maturation in oligodendrocytes. However, when mTOR is inhibited by Rapamycin in the early stages of oligodendrocyte development, the oligodendrocytes are still able to fully differentiate. Tribbles Homolog 3 (Trib3) is a pseudo …
Amino Acid Sensing Ability By The Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin In Oligodendrocytes, Emma England
Amino Acid Sensing Ability By The Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin In Oligodendrocytes, Emma England
Senior Theses and Projects
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system that require substantial nutrients such as lipids and amino acids to create the extensive, metabolically expensive myelin sheath surrounding the axons of neurons. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a regulatory kinase that is necessary for the maturation of progenitor OLs through their distinct oligo-lineage phases. Amino acids are vital for the functioning of cells. The focus of this study was to determine if mTOR activity is dependent on the availability of leucine, methionine, and alanine. This was assessed by examining the phosphorylation level of the …
Development Of An Intrahippocampal Kindling Model Of Epilepsy, Carter F. Jones
Development Of An Intrahippocampal Kindling Model Of Epilepsy, Carter F. Jones
Senior Theses and Projects
Epilepsy is a neurological condition that affects about 1% of the global population. This debilitating condition is associated with overexcitation and ineffective inhibition of neuronal pathways in the brain causing serious and a diverse set of symptoms, most prominently seizures. While some antiepileptic drug (AED) regimes have been proven to be effective in treating this condition, there are many cases where the drugs do not do enough. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used for decades as an effective anticonvulsant. Its powerful and natural processes result in some patients becoming seizure-free. Sometimes, these patients remain free of seizures even after …
An Initial Analysis Of A Long-Term Ketogenic Diet’S Impact On Motor Behavior, Brain Purine Systems, And Nigral Dopamine Neurons In A New Genetic Rodent Model Of Parkinson’S Disease, Jacob Rubin, William H. Church
An Initial Analysis Of A Long-Term Ketogenic Diet’S Impact On Motor Behavior, Brain Purine Systems, And Nigral Dopamine Neurons In A New Genetic Rodent Model Of Parkinson’S Disease, Jacob Rubin, William H. Church
Senior Theses and Projects
A growing body of research suggests that dopaminergic cell death seen in Parkinson’s disease is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress, with subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species, is the hallmark biochemical product of mitochondrial dysfunction. The ketogenic diet has been found to enhance mitochondrial energy production, protect against reactive oxygen species-generated cell death, and increase adenosine, a purine that modulates dopamine activity. The current study evaluates the effects of a long-term (5-month) ketogenic diet on behavioral, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical measures in PINK1-KO rats, a new animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Both wild-type and PINK1-KO animals fed a ketogenic diet …
Mtor Signaling And Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Mixed Glial Cultures, William Theodore Schreiber-Stainthorp
Mtor Signaling And Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Mixed Glial Cultures, William Theodore Schreiber-Stainthorp
Senior Theses and Projects
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. The extraordinary protein and lipid synthesis that myelin production entails makes oligodendrocytes especially prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this experiment, we set out to investigate the dynamics of ER stress in mixed glial cultures, and how the consequences of that stress vary based on the activity of the anabolic PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Previous experiments in isolated oligodendrocyte cultures demonstrated a negative correlation between AKT/mTOR signaling and oligodendrocyte cell viability in the presence of ER stressors. Because ER stress leads to a buildup of improperly processed proteins, decreases in mTOR …
Determination Of Catecholamine Content Changes In Mouse Brain Following Chronic Ketogenic Diet, Ryan Adams
Determination Of Catecholamine Content Changes In Mouse Brain Following Chronic Ketogenic Diet, Ryan Adams
Senior Theses and Projects
This work investigated the effects of the ketogenic diet on catecholamine concentrations in the brains of mice. The ketogenic diet has been show to modulate the catecholamine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of children as well as altering hippocampal norepinephrine levels in mice. Tissue homogenates of the motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, nucleus accumbens, anterior caudate, posterior caudate and midbrain regions were analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography to quantitate norepinephrine, dopamine, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and serotonin (5-HT). No significant differences in catecholamine concentration levels were detected in the tissue homogenates. Analysis of metabolite …
The Investigation Of A Timp-1-Modulated Glial-Derived Factor Affecting Neuroblastoma Cell Death, Alexandra Nicaise
The Investigation Of A Timp-1-Modulated Glial-Derived Factor Affecting Neuroblastoma Cell Death, Alexandra Nicaise
Senior Theses and Projects
The original role of astrocytes was believed to have been as a neuronal-supportive cell in the brain. It has now been discovered that they play imperative roles, from reuptake of neurotransmitters from the extracelluar space to signal propagation and developmental control by the release of factors into the extracellular space. SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells are common neuroblastoma cell lines which model cancerous brain cells when left undifferentiated. In recent studies tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, but their exact role in cell death is unknown. A double-blind cell culture experiment was conducted using astrocytes from …