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Articles 451 - 480 of 493
Full-Text Articles in Virology
Association Between Ns3 And Ns5 Proteins Of Dengue Virus Type 2 In The, Mini Kapoor, Luwen Zhang, Muralidhara Ramachandra, Jingo Kusukawa, Kurt E. Ebner, R. Padmanabhan
Association Between Ns3 And Ns5 Proteins Of Dengue Virus Type 2 In The, Mini Kapoor, Luwen Zhang, Muralidhara Ramachandra, Jingo Kusukawa, Kurt E. Ebner, R. Padmanabhan
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Dengue virus type 2, a member of the family Flaviviridae, encodes a single polyprotein precursor consisting of 3391 amino acid residues that is processed to at least 10 mature proteins by host and viral proteases. The NS3 protein contains a domain commonly found in cellular serine proteinases that in cooperation with NS2B is involved in polyprotein processing. In addition, NS3 and NS5 proteins contain conserved motifs found in several RNA helicases and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, respectively. Both enzymatic activities have been suggested to be involved in viral RNA replication. In this report, we demonstrate that the NS3 and NS5 proteins …
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Apoptosis In Human Neuronal Cells: Protection By The Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine And The Genes Bcl-2 And Crma, Angela K. Talley, Stephen Dewhurst, Seth W. Perry, Sheila C. Dollard, Suryaram Gummuluru, Steven M. Fine, Deborah New, Leon Epstein, Howard Gendelman, Harris A. Gelbard
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Apoptosis In Human Neuronal Cells: Protection By The Antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine And The Genes Bcl-2 And Crma, Angela K. Talley, Stephen Dewhurst, Seth W. Perry, Sheila C. Dollard, Suryaram Gummuluru, Steven M. Fine, Deborah New, Leon Epstein, Howard Gendelman, Harris A. Gelbard
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced neurotoxin that contributes to the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia complex. We report here on the effects of exogenous TNF-α on SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells differentiated to a neuronal phenotype with retinoic acid. TNF-α caused a dose-dependent loss of viability and a corresponding increase in apoptosis in differentiated SK-N-MC cells but not in undifferentiated cultures. Importantly, intracellular signalling via TNF receptors, as measured by activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, was unaltered by retinoic acid treatment. Finally, overexpression of bcl-2 or crmA conferred resistance to apoptosis mediated by …
Media Components Influence Viral Gene Expression Assays In Human Fetal Astrocyte Cultures, Micheline Mccarthy, Charles Wood, Larisa Fedoseyeva, Scott R. Whittemore
Media Components Influence Viral Gene Expression Assays In Human Fetal Astrocyte Cultures, Micheline Mccarthy, Charles Wood, Larisa Fedoseyeva, Scott R. Whittemore
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
In vitro neurovirological studies of viral infectivity or viral gene expression may be confounded by the mulHple neural cell types and/or fibrob last contamination present in early passage cultures prepared from dissociated human central nervous system (eNS) tissue. We have developed highly enriched astrocyte cultures for neurovirological study by culturing in a serum-free defined medium, 816, supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Subculture in this medium selects against fibroblast proliferation and favors sustained proliferation of a highly enriched glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cell population. These astrocytes support productive replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and transient expression of transfected CMVand …
Correlation Between Precolonization Of Trigeminal Ganglia By Attenuated Strains Of Pseudorabies Virus And Resistance To Wild-Type Virus Latency, L. M. Schang, G. F. Kutish, Fernando A. Osorio
Correlation Between Precolonization Of Trigeminal Ganglia By Attenuated Strains Of Pseudorabies Virus And Resistance To Wild-Type Virus Latency, L. M. Schang, G. F. Kutish, Fernando A. Osorio
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We compared the levels of latent pseudorabies virus (PRV) DNA in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of pigs after intranasal inoculation of different PRV strains by using quantitative DNA PCR. The extent of colonization attained in each case varied significantly according to the type of strain and inoculum dose, wild-type (WT) PRV being the most efficient strain in colonizing TG. When groups of pigs representing different levels of precolonization of TG with an attenuated PRV strain were challenged with WT PRV, it became evident that there is a statistically significant inverse correlation between the extent of precolonization attained by an attenuated PRV …
Alpha Interferon-Induced Antiretroviral Activities: Restriction Of Viral Nucleic Acid Synthesis And Progeny Virion Production In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Monocytes, Lisa Baca-Regen, Nina Heinzinger, Mario Stevenson, Howard Gendelman
Alpha Interferon-Induced Antiretroviral Activities: Restriction Of Viral Nucleic Acid Synthesis And Progeny Virion Production In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Monocytes, Lisa Baca-Regen, Nina Heinzinger, Mario Stevenson, Howard Gendelman
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Alpha interferon (IFN-a) restricts multiple steps of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-i) life cycle. A well-described effect of IFN-a is in the modulation of viral nucleic acid synthesis. We demonstrate that IFN-α influences HIV-1 DNA synthesis principally by reducing the production of late products of reverse transcription. The magnitude of IFN-α-induced downregulation of HIV-1 DNA and/or progeny virion production was dependent on the IFN-α concentration, the duration of cytokine administration, the multiplicity of infection, the viral strain, and the cycles of viral infection. Interestingly, reductions in viral DNAs could not fully account for the observed IFN-a-induced abrogation of …
Enhanced Competitiveness Of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Defective Interfering Rnas By Segment Duplication Or Nucleotide Insertion, K. Andrew White, Thomas Jack Morris
Enhanced Competitiveness Of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Defective Interfering Rnas By Segment Duplication Or Nucleotide Insertion, K. Andrew White, Thomas Jack Morris
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We have analyzed atypical tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering (DI) RNA species which accumulated during a passage series in protoplasts. We present a rationale for the order of appearance of these molecules and show, using competition assays, that either segment duplication or single nucleotide insertion can enhance DI RNA competitiveness. Possible mechanisms for the introduction of the modifications observed in these DI RNAs are discussed.
Purification And Characterization Of Two Forms Of A High-Molecular-Weight Cysteine Proteinase (Porphypain) From Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Pawel Ciborowski, Makoto Nishikata, Roger D. Allen, Marilyn S. Lantz
Purification And Characterization Of Two Forms Of A High-Molecular-Weight Cysteine Proteinase (Porphypain) From Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Pawel Ciborowski, Makoto Nishikata, Roger D. Allen, Marilyn S. Lantz
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an organism implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of human periodontal diseases, produces a variety of potent proteolytic enzymes, and it has been suggested that these enzymes play a direct role in the destruction of periodontal tissues. We now report that two cell-associated cysteine proteinases of P. gingivalis W12, with molecular masses of approximately 150 kDa (porphypain-1) and 120 kDa (porphypain-2), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, have been separated and purified to apparent homogeneity. These proteinases appear to be SDS-stable conformational variants of a 180-kDa enzyme, and they are the largest cysteine proteinases …
Molecular Analysis Of The Rfb Gene Cluster Of A Group D2 Salmonella Enterica Strain: Evidence For Its Origin From An Insertion Sequence-Mediated Recombination Event Between Group E And Dl Strains, Shi-Hua Xiang, Matthew Hobbs, Peter R. Reeves
Molecular Analysis Of The Rfb Gene Cluster Of A Group D2 Salmonella Enterica Strain: Evidence For Its Origin From An Insertion Sequence-Mediated Recombination Event Between Group E And Dl Strains, Shi-Hua Xiang, Matthew Hobbs, Peter R. Reeves
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The Salmonella enterica O antigen is a highly variable surface polysaccharide composed of a repeated oligosaccharide (the O unit). The O unit produced by serogroup D2 has structural features in common with those of groups Dl and El, and hybridization studies had previously suggested that the D2 rfb gene cluster responsible for O-unit biosynthesis is indeed a hybrid of the two. In this study, the rfb gene cluster was cloned from a group D2 strain of S. enterica sv. Strasbourg. Mapping, hybridization, and DNA sequencing showed that the organization of the D2 rfb genes is similar to that of group …
Nonhomologous Rna Recombination In Tombusviruses: Generation And Evolution Of Defective Interfering Rnas By Stepwise Deletions, K. Andrew White, Thomas Jack Morris
Nonhomologous Rna Recombination In Tombusviruses: Generation And Evolution Of Defective Interfering Rnas By Stepwise Deletions, K. Andrew White, Thomas Jack Morris
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We used a protoplast system to study the mechanisms involved in the generation and evolution of defective interfering (DI) RNAs of tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus (TBSV). Synthetic transcripts corresponding to different naturally occurring TBSV DI RNAs, or to various artificially constructed TBSV defective RNAs, were analyzed. The relative levels of competitiveness of different DI RNAs were determined by coinoculating their corresponding transcripts into protoplasts along with helper genomic RNA transcripts and monitoring the level of DI RNA accumulation. Further studies were performed to assess the contribution of naked DI RNA stability and DI RNA encapsidation efficiency to the observed levels …
Infection Of Macrophages With Lymphotropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Can Be Arrested After Viral Dna Synthesis, Zheng-Bo Huang, Mary Jane Potash, Malgorzata Simm, Wei Chao, Howard Gendelman, Edward Edin, David J. Volsky
Infection Of Macrophages With Lymphotropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Can Be Arrested After Viral Dna Synthesis, Zheng-Bo Huang, Mary Jane Potash, Malgorzata Simm, Wei Chao, Howard Gendelman, Edward Edin, David J. Volsky
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Lymphotropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), including HTLV-IIIB, replicate poorly in macrophages. We have shown previously that lymphotropic HIV-1 fuses equally well with T lymphocytes and macrophages (M. J. Potash, M. Zeira, Z.-B. Huang, T. Pearce, E. Eden, H. Gendelman, and D. J. Volsky, Virology 188:864-868, 1992), suggesting that events in the virus life cycle following virus-cell fusion limit virus replication. We report here that HIV-1 DNA is synthesized effliciently in either ADA or HTLV-IIIB infected alveolar macrophages or monocyte-derived macrophages within 24 h of virus infection, as observed by polymerase chain reaction for amplification of viral …
Isolation And Characterization Of New Wild-Type Isolates Of Bovine Lentivirus, David Suarez, Martin Van Der Maaten, Charles Wood, Ceclia Whetstone
Isolation And Characterization Of New Wild-Type Isolates Of Bovine Lentivirus, David Suarez, Martin Van Der Maaten, Charles Wood, Ceclia Whetstone
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Two new isolates of bovine lentivirus, also known as bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV), were obtained from a seropositive cattle herd in Florida. This is the first report of new isolates of BIV since the original BIV strain, R29, was isolated in 1%9. The two new BIV isolates were derived from blood butFy coat cells cocultivated in vitro with fetal bovine lung cell cultures. The new isolates differed in vitro from the original R29 isolate in replication and syncytium formation in fetal bovine lung cells. Both new isolates were confirmed as BIV by immunofluorescence assay, Western blotting (immunoblotting), and polymerase chain …
Identifying Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus By Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction And Oligonucleotide Hybridizations, R. D. Oberst, M. P. Hays, K. J. Hennessey, L. C. Stine, J. F. Evermann, Clayton L. Kelling
Identifying Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus By Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction And Oligonucleotide Hybridizations, R. D. Oberst, M. P. Hays, K. J. Hennessey, L. C. Stine, J. F. Evermann, Clayton L. Kelling
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
An assay to identify tissue culture cells infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) that utilizes reverse transcription (RT), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probe has been developed. The RT-PCR assay uses a BRSV-specific negative-sense oligonucleotide primer to synthesize cDNA from a BRSV fusion protein mRNA template and another BRSV-specific oligonucleotide primer (positive sense) upstream from the negative-sense primer for PCR amplification. In the presence of mRNA templates of BRSV isolates originating from locations throughout the United States, the BRSV RT-PCR assay resulted in amplified products (381 bp) that were specific to BRSV, as demonstrated …
Book Review: The Baculovirus Expression System: A Laboratory Guide (1992) King, L. A. & Possee, R. D., David D. Dunigan
Book Review: The Baculovirus Expression System: A Laboratory Guide (1992) King, L. A. & Possee, R. D., David D. Dunigan
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The power of molecular biology is unleashed with the ability to clone and sequence genes, and then express these genes in heterologous systems. This sets the stage for the full analysis of proteins that are otherwise difficult to isolate and/or purify, especially when present at very low copy number per cell or when isolated from relatively precious materials. Overexpression of protein is now possible in a number of systems including prokaryotes (e.g., E. coli) and various eukaryotes (yeast, insects, and plants). The issue then becomes, which system (1) most closely reflects the homologous expression with respect to posttranslational modifications, …
Loss Of Infectivity By Progeny Virus From Alpha Interferon- Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected T Cells Is Associated With Defective Assembly Of Envelope Gp120, Brian D. Hanson, Peter L. Nara, Radha K. Maheshwari, Girmel S. Sidhu, John G. Bernbaum, David Hoekzema, Monte S. Meltzer, Howard Gendelman
Loss Of Infectivity By Progeny Virus From Alpha Interferon- Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected T Cells Is Associated With Defective Assembly Of Envelope Gp120, Brian D. Hanson, Peter L. Nara, Radha K. Maheshwari, Girmel S. Sidhu, John G. Bernbaum, David Hoekzema, Monte S. Meltzer, Howard Gendelman
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA, RNA, or p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase activity in T-cell cultures treated with 500 IU of recombinant alpha interferon (rIFNα) per ml were comparable to those in control cultures. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis of proteins in lysates of IFN-treated T cells documented a marked accumulation of HlV proteins. Localization of gp120 by immunofluorescence showed a diffuse pattern in IFN-treated cells quite distinct from the ring pattern in untreated control cells. That large quantities of a120 in aberrant cell compartments might affect HlV morphogenesis was confirmed in infectivity studies: virions from IFN-treated cells were 100- to …
Processing And Localization Of Dengue Virus Type 2 Polyprotein Precursor Ns3-Ns4a-Ns4b-Ns5, Luwen Zhang, P. Maruthi Mohan, R. Padmanabhan
Processing And Localization Of Dengue Virus Type 2 Polyprotein Precursor Ns3-Ns4a-Ns4b-Ns5, Luwen Zhang, P. Maruthi Mohan, R. Padmanabhan
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Processing of dengue virus type 2 polyprotein precursor NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5 could be mediated by the catalytically active NS3 protease domain and NS2B in trans at the dibasic sites NS3-NS4A and NS4B-NS5. Subcellular localization of the unprocessed precursor NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5 showed that it was confined to a distinct subcellular organelle in the cytoplasm, which was distinct from the distribution of the mature NS5.
Identification And Characterization Of The Bovine Immunodeficiency-Like Virus Tat Gene, Zhen-Qian Liu, Deborah Sheridan, Charles Wood
Identification And Characterization Of The Bovine Immunodeficiency-Like Virus Tat Gene, Zhen-Qian Liu, Deborah Sheridan, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
A cDNA clone of the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BW) trans-activator gene (tat) was identified and characterized. The tat cDNA clone was generated by splicing, and on the basis of sequence analysis, the Tat protein was found to be encoded entirely by the first exon. It is 103 amino acids in size and shares sequence homology with the human immunodeficiency virus (HW) Tat. The BIV tat clone can trans activate the BIV promoter effectively, as measured by the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, when transfected into bovine cells. Besides activating the BIV promoter, the BIV Tat can also trans …
Dual Regulation Of Silent And Productive Infection In Monocytes By Distinct Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Determinants, Howard Gendelman, Peter Westervelt, Timothy Henkel, David B. Trowbridge, Jan Orenstein, John Heuser, Lee Ratner
Dual Regulation Of Silent And Productive Infection In Monocytes By Distinct Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Determinants, Howard Gendelman, Peter Westervelt, Timothy Henkel, David B. Trowbridge, Jan Orenstein, John Heuser, Lee Ratner
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and replication in primary monocytes was investigated by mutagenesis of recombinant proviral clones containing an env determinant required for the infectivity of monocytes. Virus replication was assayed by determination of reverse transcriptase activity in culture fluids and by recovery of virus from monocytes following cocultivation with uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Three virus replication phenotypes were observed in monocytes: productive infection, silent infection, and no infection. Incorporation of the monocytetropic env determinant in a full-length clone incapable of infection or replication in primary monocytes (no infection) conferred the capacity for highly …
Identification And Characterization Of A Human Herpesvirus 6 Gene Segment That Trans Activates The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Promoter, Yunqi Geng, Bala Chandran, Steven Josephs, Charles Wood
Identification And Characterization Of A Human Herpesvirus 6 Gene Segment That Trans Activates The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Promoter, Yunqi Geng, Bala Chandran, Steven Josephs, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic herpesvirus, and in vitro, HHV-6 can productively infect many of the same cell types as can human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Coinfection by both viruses in vitro can lead to both activation of the HIV promoter and acceleration of cytopathic effects. We have previously demonstrated that a large, 22.25-kb cloned HHV-6 fragment, pZVB70, can trans activate HIV promoter expression in vitro. In this study, we show that the pZVB70 fragment can trans activate the HIV promoter in human T-cell lines as well as in the monkey kidney cell line CV-1. The pZVB70 insert was …
Altered Expression Of Adenovirus 12 Dna-Binding Protein But Not Dna Polymerase During Abortive Infection Of Hamster Cells, Lynne A. Lucher, Benjawan Khuntirat, Jiansheng Zhao, Peter C. Angeletti
Altered Expression Of Adenovirus 12 Dna-Binding Protein But Not Dna Polymerase During Abortive Infection Of Hamster Cells, Lynne A. Lucher, Benjawan Khuntirat, Jiansheng Zhao, Peter C. Angeletti
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Replication of human adenovirus type 12 DNA is blocked in abortively infected baby hamster kidney cells. The activity and accumulation of adenovirus 12 DNA polymerase is equivalent in infected hamster and human cell extracts. However, the accumulation of adenovirus type 12 DNA-binding protein is approximately 120-fold lower in extracts from infected hamster cells when compared to infected permissive human cells. This difference in accumulation is not because of replication of viral DNA during productive infection, since this difference is observed in the presence of hydroxyurea. The DNA-binding protein from infected hamster cells retains the ability to bind denatured DNA-cellulose. An …
The Inability Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus To Infect Chimpanzee Monocytes Can Be Overcome By Serial Viral Passage In Vivo, Howard Gendelman, Garth D. Ehrlich, Lisa M. Baca, Shawn Conley, Jorge Ribas, D. Chester Kalter, Monte S. Meltzer, Bernard J. Poiesz, Peter Nara
The Inability Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus To Infect Chimpanzee Monocytes Can Be Overcome By Serial Viral Passage In Vivo, Howard Gendelman, Garth D. Ehrlich, Lisa M. Baca, Shawn Conley, Jorge Ribas, D. Chester Kalter, Monte S. Meltzer, Bernard J. Poiesz, Peter Nara
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Studies of lentivirus infection in ruminants, nonhuman primates, and humans suggest that virus infection of macrophages plays a central role in the disease process. To investigate whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can infect chimpanzee macrophages, we recovered monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1-negative animals and inoculated these and control human monocytes with a panel of four human-passaged monocytotropic virus strains and one chimpanzee-passaged isolate. HIV-1-infected human monocytes synthesized proviral DNA, viral mRNA, p24 antigen, and progeny virions. In contrast, except for the chimpanzee-passaged HIV-1 isolate, chimpanzee monocytes failed to support HIV-1 replication when cultured under both …
Transactivation Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter By Human Herpesvirus 6 (Hhv-6) Strains Gs And 2-29 In Primary Human T Lymphocytes And Identification Of Transactivating Hhv-6(Gs) Gene Fragments, Rebecca Horvat, Charles Wood, Steven Josephs, N. Balachandran
Transactivation Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter By Human Herpesvirus 6 (Hhv-6) Strains Gs And 2-29 In Primary Human T Lymphocytes And Identification Of Transactivating Hhv-6(Gs) Gene Fragments, Rebecca Horvat, Charles Wood, Steven Josephs, N. Balachandran
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can activate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter and accelerate cytopathic effects in HIV-infected human T cells. This study examines the regions of the HIV promoter required for HHVd transactivation in a heterogeneous population of primary human T lymphocytes with or without antigenic stimulation. Two different strains of HHV-6, GS and 229, transactivated the HIV promoter. The GS strain transactivated the promoter in both stimulated and resting T cells, while the 229 strain increased HIV promoter activity only in stimulated T cells. Three DNA clones containing HHV-6(GS) genomic fragments transactivated the HIV promoter in cotransfected T …
Transactivation Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter By Human Herpesvirus 6 (Hhv-6) Strains Gs And Z-29 In Primary Human T Lymphocytes And Identification Of Transactivating Hhv-6(Gs) Gene Fragments, Rebecca Horvat, Charles Wood, Steven Josephs, N. Balanchandran
Transactivation Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter By Human Herpesvirus 6 (Hhv-6) Strains Gs And Z-29 In Primary Human T Lymphocytes And Identification Of Transactivating Hhv-6(Gs) Gene Fragments, Rebecca Horvat, Charles Wood, Steven Josephs, N. Balanchandran
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can activate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter and accelerate cytopathic effects in HIV-infected human T cells. This study examines the regions of the HIV promoter required for HHV-6 transactivation in a heterogeneous population of primary human T lymphocytes with or without antigenic stimulation. Two different strains of HHV-6, GS and Z29, transactivated the HIV promoter. The GS strain transactivated the promoter in both stimulated and resting T cells, while the Z29 strain increased HIV promoter activity only in stimulated T cells. Three DNA clones containing HHV-6(GS) genomic fragments transactivated the HIV promoter in cotransfected T …
Rapid Detection Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus By Polymerase Chain Reaction, O. J. Lopez, Fernando A. Osorio, Ruben O. Donis
Rapid Detection Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus By Polymerase Chain Reaction, O. J. Lopez, Fernando A. Osorio, Ruben O. Donis
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect genomic sequences of the positive-stranded RNA of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a member of the family Togaviridae. Using a set of 20-bp primers located within the conserved 3' region of the BVDV genome, we were able to consistently amplify a 205-bp target sequence from BVDV cDNA. BVDV RNAs from cell culture-propagated BVDV reference strains, diverse unrelated cytopathic and noncytopathic field isolates, and clinical serum samples were transcribed to cDNA by using avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and further specifically amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction assay. The amplification assay …
The Viral Envelope Gene Is Involved In Macrophage Tropism Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strain Isolated From Brain Tissue, Zhen-Qian Lou, Charles Wood, Jay Levy, Cecilia Cheng-Mayer
The Viral Envelope Gene Is Involved In Macrophage Tropism Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strain Isolated From Brain Tissue, Zhen-Qian Lou, Charles Wood, Jay Levy, Cecilia Cheng-Mayer
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) may represent a subgroup that displays a host cell tropism different from those isolated from peripheral blood and lymph nodes. One CNS-derived isolate, HIV-lSFl28A, which can be propagated efficiently in primary macrophage culture but not in any T-cell lines, was molecularly cloned and characterized. Recombinant viruses between HIV-lSF128A and the peripheral blood isolate HIV-lSF2 were generated in order to map the viral gene(s) responsible for the macrophage tropism. The env gene sequences of the two isolates are about 91.1% homologous, with variations …
The Viral Envelope Gene Is Involved In Macrophage Tropism Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strain Isolated From Brain Tissue, Zhen-Qian Liu, Charles Wood, Jay Levy, Cecilia Cheng-Mayer
The Viral Envelope Gene Is Involved In Macrophage Tropism Of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Strain Isolated From Brain Tissue, Zhen-Qian Liu, Charles Wood, Jay Levy, Cecilia Cheng-Mayer
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) may represent a subgroup that displays a host cell tropism different from those isolated from peripheral blood and lymph nodes. One CNS-derived isolate, HIV-lSF128A , which can be propagated efficiently in primary macrophage culture but not in any T-cell lines, was molecularly cloned and characterized. Recombinant viruses between HIV-1SF128A and the peripheral blood isolate HIV-ISF2 were generated in order to map the viral gene(s) responsible for the macrophage tropism. The env gene sequences of the two isolates are about 91.1% homologous, with variations …
Use Of Trpe/Gag Fusion Proteins To Characterize Immunoreactive Domains On The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core Protein, Michael Windheuser, Gary Tegtmeier, Charles Wood
Use Of Trpe/Gag Fusion Proteins To Characterize Immunoreactive Domains On The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core Protein, Michael Windheuser, Gary Tegtmeier, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 core protein is one of the most immunogenic of HIV structural proteins. Infected individuals develop high titers of antibodies against p24 early in infection, which makes anti-p24 antibodies important serological markers. However, despite the clinical importance of the anti-p24 response, no systematic study to characterize the antigenic domains on the p24 protein has been reported. We report here on the use of 12 overlapping fragments of the HIV type 1 p24 protein, synthesized in bacteria as TrpE/Gag fusion proteins, to identify at least two and possibly three antigenic domains on the p24 protein. In …
Effect Of Milk On Fibronectin And Collagen Type I Binding To Staphylococcus Aureus And Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Bovine Mastitis, J. Miedzobrodzki, A. S. Naidu, J. L. Watts, Pawel Ciborowski, K. Palm
Effect Of Milk On Fibronectin And Collagen Type I Binding To Staphylococcus Aureus And Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Bovine Mastitis, J. Miedzobrodzki, A. S. Naidu, J. L. Watts, Pawel Ciborowski, K. Palm
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Tryptic soy broth (TSB)-grown cells of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from acute and chronic bovine mastitis bound mainly 125I-fibronectin (125I-Fn), whereas strains of nine species of coagulase-negative staphylococci showed a predominant interaction with 125I-collagen (125I-Cn) type I. A particle agglutination assay (PAA) was used to examine the interaction of coagulase-negative staphylococci with 1251-Fn and 125I-Cn immobilized on latex. All 368 coagulase-negative staphylococci demonstrated high 125I-Cn and moderate to low 125I-Fn interactions in the PAA. Cn-PAA reactivity was high among strains of Staphylococcus xylosus (84.2%), Staphylococcus simulans (77.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (76.7%), and …
Transactivation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter By Human Herpesvirus 6, Rebecca Horvat, Charles Wood, N. Balachandran
Transactivation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Promoter By Human Herpesvirus 6, Rebecca Horvat, Charles Wood, N. Balachandran
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are often infected with a number of other heterologous viruses in addition to the initial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and these agents could act as potential reactivating agents of latent HIV. A new antigenically distinct herpesvirus, designated human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), has recently been isolated from patients with AIDS and has been shown to infect a number of different human cells, specifically human T cells, B cells, and glial cells. Since these are some of the same cells that harbor the AIDS virus, it is quite important to determine any interaction between this …
Use Of Trpe/Gag Fusion Proteins To Characterize Immunoreactive Domains On The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core Protein, Michael Windheuser, Gary Tegtmeier, Charles Wood
Use Of Trpe/Gag Fusion Proteins To Characterize Immunoreactive Domains On The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core Protein, Michael Windheuser, Gary Tegtmeier, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 core protein is one of the most immunogenic of HIV structural proteins. Infected individuals develop high titers of antibodies against p24 early in infection, which makes anti-p24 antibodies important serological markers. However, despite the clinical importance of the anti-p24 response, no systematic study to characterize the antigenic domains on the p24 protein has been reported. We report here on the use of 12 overlapping fragments of the HIV type 1 p24 protein, synthesized in bacteria as TrpE/Gag fusion proteins, to identify at least two and possibly three antigenic domains on the p24 protein. In …
Reliable Detection Of Individuals Seropositive For The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) By Competitive Immunoassays Using Escherichia Coli - Expressed Hiv Structural Proteins, G. J. Dawson, J. S. Heller, Charles Wood, R. A. Gutierrez, J. S. Webber, J. C. Hunt, S. A. Hojvat, D. Senn, S. G. Devare, R. H. Decker
Reliable Detection Of Individuals Seropositive For The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) By Competitive Immunoassays Using Escherichia Coli - Expressed Hiv Structural Proteins, G. J. Dawson, J. S. Heller, Charles Wood, R. A. Gutierrez, J. S. Webber, J. C. Hunt, S. A. Hojvat, D. Senn, S. G. Devare, R. H. Decker
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We molecularly cloned the gag and env genes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and expressed fragments of these genes in Escherichia coli. Using the recombinant core and envelope proteins, we developed two competitive immunoassays (CIAs). Samples that recognized either the envelope or core proteins were considered positive for antibodies to HIV. This test system was comparable with western blot in detecting antibodies in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex that were repeatably reactive in the HIV screening test. All 360 individuals who were positive by western blot were positive by the CIA. A total of 844 samples repeatably …