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Articles 421 - 450 of 493
Full-Text Articles in Virology
Azidothymidine And Interferon-Α Induce Apoptosis In Herpesvirus-Associated Lymphomas, Richard K. Lee, Jian-Ping Cai, Vadim Deyev, Parkash Gill, Lisa Cabral, Charles Wood, Ram Agarwal, Wenle Xia, Lawrence Boise, Eckhard Podack, William Harrington Jr.
Azidothymidine And Interferon-Α Induce Apoptosis In Herpesvirus-Associated Lymphomas, Richard K. Lee, Jian-Ping Cai, Vadim Deyev, Parkash Gill, Lisa Cabral, Charles Wood, Ram Agarwal, Wenle Xia, Lawrence Boise, Eckhard Podack, William Harrington Jr.
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Lymphoproliferative diseases that occur in immunocompromised patients are frequently associated with herpesviruses. These patients often fare poorly after treatment with conventional chemotherapy. We reported previously that patients with AIDS-related Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) responded to parenteral azidothymidine (AZT) and IFN-α. We found that EBV-positive lymphoma cells derived from these patients cultured with AZT express CD95 and undergo apoptosis. AZT-mediated apoptosis was caspase dependent and occurred despite Fas receptor blockade. In contrast, EBV-negative lymphomas were resistant to AZT-induced apoptosis, as were EBV-positive lymphomas that expressed high levels of bcl-2. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell lines infected with human herpesvirus type 8 required …
Lymphotropic Virions Affect Chemokine Receptor-Mediated Neural Signaling And Apoptosis: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Jialin Zheng, Anuja Ghorpade, Douglas Niemann, Robin L. Cotter, Michael R. Thylin, Leon Epstein, Jennifer Swartz, Robin B. Shepard, Xiaojuan Liu, Adeline Nukuna, Howard E. Gendelman
Lymphotropic Virions Affect Chemokine Receptor-Mediated Neural Signaling And Apoptosis: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Jialin Zheng, Anuja Ghorpade, Douglas Niemann, Robin L. Cotter, Michael R. Thylin, Leon Epstein, Jennifer Swartz, Robin B. Shepard, Xiaojuan Liu, Adeline Nukuna, Howard E. Gendelman
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Chemokine receptors pivotal for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in lymphocytes and macrophages (CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4) are expressed on neural cells (microglia, astrocytes, and/or neurons). It is these cells which are damaged during progressive HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system. We theorize that viral coreceptors could effect neural cell damage during HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) without simultaneously affecting viral replication. To these ends, we studied the ability of diverse viral strains to affect intracellular signaling and apoptosis of neurons, astrocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages. Inhibition of cyclic AMP, activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and apoptosis were induced by diverse …
Broad-Spectrum Protection Against Tombusviruses Elicited By Defective Interfering Rnas In Transgenic Plants, Teresa Rubio, Marise Borja, Herman Scholthof, Paul A. Feldstein, Thomas Jack Morris, Andrew O. Jackson
Broad-Spectrum Protection Against Tombusviruses Elicited By Defective Interfering Rnas In Transgenic Plants, Teresa Rubio, Marise Borja, Herman Scholthof, Paul A. Feldstein, Thomas Jack Morris, Andrew O. Jackson
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We have designed a DNA cassette to transcribe defective interfering (DI) RNAs of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and have investigated their potential to protect transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants from tombusvirus infections. To produce RNAs with authentic 5’ and 3’ termini identical to those of the native B10 DI RNA, the DI RNA sequences were flanked by ribozymes (RzDI). When RzDI RNAs transcribed in vitro were mixed with parental TBSV transcripts and inoculated into protoplasts or plants, they became amplified, reduced the accumulation of the parental RNA, and mediated attenuation of the lethal syndrome characteristic of TBSV infections. Analysis of …
Multicenter Comparison Of Pcr Assays For Detection Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Dna In Semen, Philip E. Pellett, Thomas J. Spira, Omar Bagasra, Chris Boshoff, Lawrence Corey, Laura De Lellis, Meei-Li Huang, Jung-Chung Lin, Steve Matthews, Paolo Monini, Paola Romessi, Carlos Sosa, Charles Wood, John A. Stewart
Multicenter Comparison Of Pcr Assays For Detection Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Dna In Semen, Philip E. Pellett, Thomas J. Spira, Omar Bagasra, Chris Boshoff, Lawrence Corey, Laura De Lellis, Meei-Li Huang, Jung-Chung Lin, Steve Matthews, Paolo Monini, Paola Romessi, Carlos Sosa, Charles Wood, John A. Stewart
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Reported prevalences of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in semen have ranged widely. This is possibly due to differences in assay sensitivity, geographic or population-based differences in the true presence of the virus in semen, and PCR contamination. This study assessed interlaboratory sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of blinded experimental panels, each consisting of 48 specimens and being composed of semen specimens from different healthy artificial-insemination donors (n = 30) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n= 7) plus positive (n = 4) and negative (n = 7) controls. The experimental panels analyzed in each laboratory were …
Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Represses The Epstein-Barr Virus BamHi Q Latency Promoter In Type Iii Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano
Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Represses The Epstein-Barr Virus BamHi Q Latency Promoter In Type Iii Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is the essential protein for maintenance of the EBV episome and establishment of latency. The BamHI Q promoter (Qp) is used for the transcription of EBNA-1 mRNA in type I and type II latency, which are EBV infection states exemplified by Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, Qp is inactive in type III latency, and other promoters (the BamHI C promoter and/or the BamHI W promoter) are used for EBNA-1. The involvement of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in the regulation of Qp is suggested by the presence of an essential interferon-stimulated response element …
Characterization Of The Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Gene And The Cis- And Trans-Regulatory Elements In Its Long Terminal Repeats, Hexin Chen, Graham Wilcox, Gde Kertayadnya, Charles Wood
Characterization Of The Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Gene And The Cis- And Trans-Regulatory Elements In Its Long Terminal Repeats, Hexin Chen, Graham Wilcox, Gde Kertayadnya, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a newly identified bovine lentivirus that is closely related to the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). JDV contains a tat gene, encoded by two exons, which has potent transactivation activity. Cotransfection of the JDV tat expression plasmid with the JDV promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) construct pJDV-U3R resulted in a substantial increase in the level of CAT mRNA transcribed from the JDV long terminal repeat (LTR) and a dramatic increase in the CAT protein level. Deletion analysis of the LTR sequences showed that sequences spanning nucleotides 268 to 153, including the TATA box and the predicted first …
Cytoplasmic Assembly And Accumulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 And 2 In Recombinant Human Colony-Stimulating Factor-1-Treated Human Monocytes: An Ultrastructural Study, Jan Marc Orenstein, Monte S. Meltzer, Terri Phipps, Howard Gendelman
Cytoplasmic Assembly And Accumulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 And 2 In Recombinant Human Colony-Stimulating Factor-1-Treated Human Monocytes: An Ultrastructural Study, Jan Marc Orenstein, Monte S. Meltzer, Terri Phipps, Howard Gendelman
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Recombinant human colony-stimulating factor-1-treated human peripheral blood-derived monocytes-macrophages are efficient host cells for recovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from blood leukocytes of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These cells can be maintained as viable monolayers for intervals exceeding 3 months. Infection with HIV resulted in virus-induced cytopathic effects, accompanied by relatively high levels of released progeny virus, followed by a prolonged low-level release of virus from morphologically normal cells. In both acutely and chronically infected monocytes, viral particles were seen budding into and accumulating within cytoplasmic vacuoles. The number of intravacuolar virions far exceeded those associated with the …
Biological Characterization Of Rev Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Michael Belshan, Matthew E. Harris, Anne E. Shoemaker, Thomas J. Hope, Susan Carpenter
Biological Characterization Of Rev Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Michael Belshan, Matthew E. Harris, Anne E. Shoemaker, Thomas J. Hope, Susan Carpenter
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Sequence analysis identified significant variation in the second exon of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) rev. Functional analysis indicated that limited amino acid variation in Rev significantly altered the export activity of the protein but did not affect Rev-dependent alternative splicing. EIAV Rev can mediate export through two independent cis -acting Rev-responsive elements (RREs), and differences among Rev variants were more pronounced when both RREs were present. Variation in Rev may be an important mechanism for regulation of virus replication in vivo and may contribute to changes in clinical disease.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sherryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sherryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain macrophages and microglia is a critical component of viral neuropathogenesis. However, how virus-macrophage interactions lead to neurological disease remains incompletely understood. Possibly, a differential ability of virus to replicate in brain tissue macrophages versus macrophages in other tissues underlies HIV-1 neurovirulence. To these ends, we established systems for the isolation and propagation of pure populations of human microglia and then analyzed the viral life cycles of divergent HIV-1 strains in these cells and in cultured monocytes by using identical viral inocula and indicator systems. The HIV-1 isolates included those …
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sheryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sheryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain macrophages and microglia is a critical component of viral neuropathogenesis. However, how virus-macrophage interactions lead to neurological disease remains incompletely understood. Possibly, a differential ability of virus to replicate in brain tissue macrophages versus macrophages in other tissues underlies HIV-1 neurovirulence. To these ends, we established systems for the isolation and propagation of pure populations of human microglia and then analyzed the viral life cycles of divergent HIV-1 strains in these cells and in cultured monocytes by using identical viral inocula and indicator systems. The HIV-1 isolates included those …
Role Of The Β-Chemokine Receptors Ccr3 And Ccr5 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Of Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Meng Qi Xia, Bradley T. Hyman, Yuri Persidsky, Adeline Nukuna, Paul Bock, Myhanh Che, Janae Limoges, Howard Gendelman, Charles R. Mackay
Role Of The Β-Chemokine Receptors Ccr3 And Ccr5 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Of Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Meng Qi Xia, Bradley T. Hyman, Yuri Persidsky, Adeline Nukuna, Paul Bock, Myhanh Che, Janae Limoges, Howard Gendelman, Charles R. Mackay
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells (monocytes, macrophages, and microglia) is a critical component in the pathogenesis of viral infection. Viral replication in macrophages serves as a reservoir, a site of dissemination, and an instigator for neurological sequelae during HIV-1 disease. Recent studies demonstrated that chemokine receptors are necessary coreceptors for HIV-1 entry which determine viral tropism for different cell types. To investigate the relative contribution of the β -chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 to viral infection of mononuclear phagocytes we utilized a panel of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (from blood and brain tissue) to …
Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Binds To The Cad Enzyme At Active Sites Of Viral Dna Replication On The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler
Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Binds To The Cad Enzyme At Active Sites Of Viral Dna Replication On The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Adenovirus (Ad) replicative complexes form at discrete sites on the nuclear matrix (NM) via an interaction mediated by the precursor of the terminal protein (pTP). The identities of cellular proteins involved in these complexes have remained obscure. We present evidence that pTP binds to a multifunctional pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme found at replication domains on the NM. Far-Western blotting identified proteins of 150 and 240 kDa that had pTP binding activity. Amino acid sequencing of the 150-kDa band revealed sequence identity to carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) and a high degree of homology to the related trifunctional enzyme known as …
Localization Of Human Cytomegalovirus Structural Proteins To The Nuclear Matrix Of Infected Human Fibroblasts, V. Sanchez, Peter C. Angeletti, J. A. Engler, W. J. Britt
Localization Of Human Cytomegalovirus Structural Proteins To The Nuclear Matrix Of Infected Human Fibroblasts, V. Sanchez, Peter C. Angeletti, J. A. Engler, W. J. Britt
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The intranuclear assembly of herpesvirus subviral particles remains an incompletely understood process. Previous studies have described the nuclear localization of capsid and tegument proteins as well as intranuclear tegumentation of capsid-like particles. The temporally and spatially regulated replication of viral DNA suggests that assembly may also be regulated by compartmentalization of structural proteins. We have investigated the intranuclear location of several structural and nonstructural proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Tegument components including pp65 (ppUL83) and ppUL69 and capsid components including the major capsid protein (pUL86) and the small capsid protein (pUL48/49) were retained within the nuclear matrix (NM), whereas the …
Human Herpesvirus 8 As A Potential Sexually Transmitted Agent In Honduras, C. Sosa, W. Klaskala, B. Chandran, R. Soto, L. Sieczkowski, M. H. Wu, M. Baum, Charles Wood
Human Herpesvirus 8 As A Potential Sexually Transmitted Agent In Honduras, C. Sosa, W. Klaskala, B. Chandran, R. Soto, L. Sieczkowski, M. H. Wu, M. Baum, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was studied in 326 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive and –negative persons from Honduras; women constituted 77% (n = 251) of the subjects. Sera were tested for lytic HHV-8 antibodies by an IFA, and positive samples were confirmed by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Of the 326 persons tested, 58 (17.8%) had HHV- 8 antibodies. Among the HIV-infected women, 22.7% were seropositive; 11.3% of the HIV-negative women were seropositive. HHV-8 seroprevalence was almost four times higher in HIV-positive female commercial sex workers (36%) than in HIV-negative female non–commercial sex workers (9.9%; odds ratio = 3.8, 95% …
Seroprevalence Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Among Zambian Women Of Childbearing Age Without Kaposi’S Sarcoma (Ks) And Mother-Child Pairs With Ks, Jun He, Ganapati Bhat, Chipepo Kankasa, Chifumbe Chintu, Charles Mitchell, Wenjing Duan, Charles Wood
Seroprevalence Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Among Zambian Women Of Childbearing Age Without Kaposi’S Sarcoma (Ks) And Mother-Child Pairs With Ks, Jun He, Ganapati Bhat, Chipepo Kankasa, Chifumbe Chintu, Charles Mitchell, Wenjing Duan, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) among a group of Zambian women of reproductive age and among mother-child pairs in which either one of them has Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) was determined. A cross-sectional group of 378 pregnant women was randomly recruited into the study, and 183 (48.4%) had HHV-8 antibodies. Among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1–infected women, 51.1% were HHV-8–seropositive, whereas of HIV- 1–negative women, 47.3% were HHV-8–seropositive. In addition, 21 women index patients with KS and 5 young children index patients with KS were studied. All children with KS had mothers who were HHV-8–seropositive, while not all children …
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replicates In Testicular Germ Cells, Alters Spermatogenesis, And Induces Germ Cell Death By Apoptosis, Jung-Hyang Sur, Alan R. Doster, James S. Christian, Judith A. Galeota, Robert W. Wills, Jeff J. Zimmerman, Fernando A. Osorio
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replicates In Testicular Germ Cells, Alters Spermatogenesis, And Induces Germ Cell Death By Apoptosis, Jung-Hyang Sur, Alan R. Doster, James S. Christian, Judith A. Galeota, Robert W. Wills, Jeff J. Zimmerman, Fernando A. Osorio
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Like other arteriviruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is shed in semen, a feature that is critical for the venereal transmission of this group of viruses. In spite of its epidemiological importance, little is known of the association of PRRSV or other arteriviruses with gonadal tissues. We experimentally infected a group of boars with PRRSV 12068-96, a virulent field strain. By combined use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we detected infection by PRRSV in the testes of these boars. The PRRSV testicular replication in testis centers on two types of cells: (i) epithelial germ cells of the …
Irf-7, A New Interferon Regulatory Factor Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano
Irf-7, A New Interferon Regulatory Factor Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI Q promoter (Qp) is the only promoter used for the transcription of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) mRNA in cells in the most restricted (type I) latent infection state. However, Qp is inactive in type III latency. With the use of the yeast one-hybrid system, a new cellular gene has been identified that encodes proteins which bind to sequence in Qp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene has significant homology to the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). This new gene and products including two splicing variants are designated IRF-7A, IRF-7B, and IRF-7C. The …
Transcriptional Patterns Of The Pcd41 (U27) Locus Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood
Transcriptional Patterns Of The Pcd41 (U27) Locus Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic herpesvirus, and in vitro, it can productively infect many of the same cell types that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects. Simultaneous infection of T cells by HIV and HHV-6 can lead to both activation of the HIV promoter and acceleration of the cytopathic effects. Several HHV-6 genes have been demonstrated to activate HIV promoter expression. Among them is a cDNA clone, pCD41 (U27), which codes for the HHV-6 DNA polymerase accessory protein. We have now further characterized the transcription pattern in the pCD41 locus and identified at least six RNA species, ranging in …
Immune Suppression In Calves With Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus, Shucheng Zhang, Charles Wood, Wenzhi Xue, Samuel Krukenberg, Qimin Chen, Harish Minocha
Immune Suppression In Calves With Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus, Shucheng Zhang, Charles Wood, Wenzhi Xue, Samuel Krukenberg, Qimin Chen, Harish Minocha
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection on immune functions and possible interactions between BIV and other bovine viruses in calves. Ten calves were inoculated intravenously with BIV, and five served as controls. An increased lymphocyte proliferation to BIV gag protein was demonstrated 2 to 6 weeks after BIV inoculation (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte subset differentiation revealed a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio (P < 0.05) during weeks 2 to 7, suggesting a possible immune dysfunction in BIV-infected calves. When the calves were inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), the antibody response to BHV-1 in BIV-infected calves was delayed and the antibody titers were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Injection of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine also elicited a lower neutralizing antibody response in BIV-infected calves. The results indicated that immune suppression occurred in BIV-infected calves.
Encapsidation Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Is Defined By A Specific Packaging Signal And Rna Size, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris
Encapsidation Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Is Defined By A Specific Packaging Signal And Rna Size, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
A protoplast infection assay has been used to reliably examine the viral RNA encapsidation of turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Analysis of the encapsidation of various mutant viral RNAs revealed that a 186-nucleotide (nt) region at the 3’ end of the coat protein (CP) gene, with a bulged hairpin loop of 28 nt as its most essential element, was indispensable for TCV RNA encapsidation. When RNA fragments containing the 186-nt region were used to replace the CP gene of a different virus, tomato bushy stunt virus, the resulting chimeric viral RNAs were encapsidated into TCV virions. Furthermore, analysis of the encapsidated …
Detection Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies In Cattle By Western Blot Assay With Recombinant Gag Protein, Shucheng Zhang, Wenzhi Xue, Charles Wood, Qi-Min Chen, Sanjay Capil, Harish Minocha
Detection Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies In Cattle By Western Blot Assay With Recombinant Gag Protein, Shucheng Zhang, Wenzhi Xue, Charles Wood, Qi-Min Chen, Sanjay Capil, Harish Minocha
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
A western blot assay using purified recombinant bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein has been developed for detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus antibodies in bovine serum samples. The test was standardized with known bovine immunodeficiency virus positive and negative bovine serum samples and the monoclonal antibody to gag protein. Both naturally and experimentally infected cattle sera demonstrated positive test results. The result of western blot assay was compared with polymerase chain reaction test results in 134 blood samples collected from Kansas. Twenty-six samples tested positive for bovine immunodeficiency virus DNA with polymerase chain reaction (18.7%) and 25 were positive for the …
About The Cellular Tropism Of The Gammaherpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4, Fernando A. Osorio, J. A. Galeota-Wheeler, D. E. Reed, O. Lopez
About The Cellular Tropism Of The Gammaherpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4, Fernando A. Osorio, J. A. Galeota-Wheeler, D. E. Reed, O. Lopez
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We read with interest the recent report by Egyed et al. (4) about the distribution in tissue, in the natural host, of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4), a member of the gammaherpesvirus group. Using PCR, those authors were able to trace BHV-4 (Movar strain) in several tissues of experimentally infected cattle (mostly spleen, lung, trachea, and nasal epithelium tissues) at different times, ranging from 3 to 48 days postinfection. The authors also report consistent detection of BHV-4 DNA in what they consider to be a pure population of lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of the BHV-4- infected cattle, and then …
Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Dna Sequences In Cell-Free Plasma And Mononuclear Cells Of Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients, William J. Harrington, Omar Bagasra, Carlos E. Sosa, Lisa E. Bobroski, Marianna Baum, Xue Lan Wen, Lisa Cabral, Gerald E. Byrne, Roger J. Pomerantz, Charles Wood
Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Dna Sequences In Cell-Free Plasma And Mononuclear Cells Of Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients, William J. Harrington, Omar Bagasra, Carlos E. Sosa, Lisa E. Bobroski, Marianna Baum, Xue Lan Wen, Lisa Cabral, Gerald E. Byrne, Roger J. Pomerantz, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human herpesvirus (HHV) type 8 bas been detected in both classical and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, body-cavity lymphomas, and other types of tumors. HHV-8 has also been detected in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of some Kaposi's sarcoma patients and more readily in B cell fractions derived from panned cell subpopulations. Two patients were followed using several methods: in situ hybridization, solution-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in situ PCR. HHV-8 was intermittently detected in plasma and detection correlated with detection in PBMC. In situ PCR demonstrated HHV-8 sequences in both peripheral blood B lymphocytes and, to a lesser …
In Vivo Detection Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Rna By In Situ Hybridization At Different Times Post-Infection, Jung-Hyang Sur, Vicki Cooper, Judith A. Galeota, Richard A. Hesse, Alan R. Doster, Fernando A. Osorio
In Vivo Detection Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Rna By In Situ Hybridization At Different Times Post-Infection, Jung-Hyang Sur, Vicki Cooper, Judith A. Galeota, Richard A. Hesse, Alan R. Doster, Fernando A. Osorio
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
We studied the distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA in tissues by in situ hybridization at different times postinfection (p.i.). The probe used for in situ hybridization was prepared by reverse transcription of PRRSV RNA, followed by PCR amplification of the cDNA. The sequence amplified corresponded to 433 bp from PRRSV open reading frame 7, which is contained in the nucleocapsid protein gene and which is highly conserved in both European and American strains (H. Mardassi, L. Wilson, S. Mounir, and S. Dea, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2197–2203, 1994). An immunohistochemical technique was used to detect PRRSV …
Vif-Negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Persistently Replicates In Primary Macrophages, Producing Attenuated Progeny Virus, Iqbal Chowdhury, Wei Chao, Mary Jane Potash, Pavel Sova, Howard Gendelman, David J. Volsky
Vif-Negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Persistently Replicates In Primary Macrophages, Producing Attenuated Progeny Virus, Iqbal Chowdhury, Wei Chao, Mary Jane Potash, Pavel Sova, Howard Gendelman, David J. Volsky
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The vif gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is required for efficient infection of primary T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated in detail the role of vif in productive infection of primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Viruses carrying missense or deletion mutations in vif were constructed on the background of the monocytotropic recombinant NLHXADA-GP. Using MDM from multiple donors, we found that vif mutants produced in complementing or partially complementing cell lines were approximately 10% as infectious as wild-type virus when assayed for incomplete, complete, and circularized viral DNA molecules by quantitative PCR amplification or for viral core …
Molecular Studies On Biv Infection And Its Interaction With Other Bovine Viruses, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha, Yunqi Geng
Molecular Studies On Biv Infection And Its Interaction With Other Bovine Viruses, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha, Yunqi Geng
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a bovine lentivirus that infects animals world-wide. The authors have cloned the BIV env and gag proteins and several sub-unit peptides spanning the entire coding regions of the two proteins as fusions to the bacterial trpE protein and expressed them in Escherichia coli (Spindler et al. 1984). These recombinant proteins can readily be expressed but the expression levels of these peptides varied. When these proteins were tested against a panel of bovine sera, only sera from BIV-infected animals reacted specifically. One major antigenic determinant was identified in the cartoxyl terminus of the p26 gag protein …
Longitudinal Studies Of Viral Sequence, Viral Phenotype, And Immunologic Parameters Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection In Perinatally Infected Twins With Discordant Disease Courses, Cecelia Hutto, Yi Zhou, Jun He, Rebeca Geffin, Martin Hill, Walter Scott, Charles Wood
Longitudinal Studies Of Viral Sequence, Viral Phenotype, And Immunologic Parameters Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection In Perinatally Infected Twins With Discordant Disease Courses, Cecelia Hutto, Yi Zhou, Jun He, Rebeca Geffin, Martin Hill, Walter Scott, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections cause a broad spectrum of clinical disease and are variable in both the age of the patient at onset of serious disease and the progression of the clinical course. Heterozygotic perinatally infected twins with a marked difference in their clinical courses were monitored during the first 2 years of life. Twin B, the second-born twin, developed AIDS by 6 months of age and died at 22 months of age, while twin A remained minimally symptomatic through the first 2 years. Sequential blood specimens were obtained from the twins in order to characterize …
Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Release Of An Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Complex From The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler
Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Release Of An Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Complex From The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Adenovirus (Ad) replicative complexes form at discrete sites on the nuclear matrix (NM) through the interaction of Ad preterminal protein (pTP). The NM is a highly salt-resistant fibrillar network which is known to anchor transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA replication complexes. Incubation of rATP with NM to which pTP was bound caused the release of pTP as a pTP-NM complex with a size of 220 to 230 kDa; incubation with 5’ adenylylimidodiphosphate (rAMP-PNP) showed no significant release, indicating that rATP hydrolysis was required. With NM extracts, it was shown that a pTP-NM complex which was capable of binding Ad origin …
Infection Of Primary Human Fetal Astrocytes By Human Herpesvirus 6, Jun He, Micheline Mccarthy, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood
Infection Of Primary Human Fetal Astrocytes By Human Herpesvirus 6, Jun He, Micheline Mccarthy, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic betaherpesvirus which productively infects human CD4+ T cells and monocytes. HHV-6 is the etiologic agent for exanthem subitum (roseola), and it is well-known that central nervous system complications occur frequently during the course of HHV-6-associated disease. In addition, HHV-6 has been associated with encephalitis or encephalopathy. However, very little is known about its tropism for neural cells. There are reports that HHV-6 may infect some glial cell lines, but whether it can infect any primary neural cells is not known. Our studies show that both HHV-6A (GS) and HHV-6B (Z-29) can infect …
Herpesvirus-Like Dna In Aids Kaposi’S Sarcoma In Argentina [Letter To The Editor], Carlos E. Sosa, Jorge A. Benetucci, Laura M. Sieczkowski, Anibal Vazquez, Xue-Lan Wen, Marianna Baum, Winslow Klaskala, William J. Harrington Jr., Charles Wood
Herpesvirus-Like Dna In Aids Kaposi’S Sarcoma In Argentina [Letter To The Editor], Carlos E. Sosa, Jorge A. Benetucci, Laura M. Sieczkowski, Anibal Vazquez, Xue-Lan Wen, Marianna Baum, Winslow Klaskala, William J. Harrington Jr., Charles Wood
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
First paragraph: Recently, Chang et al., using a new molecular biology technique termed Representational Difference Analysis, found herpesvirus-like DNA (KSHV) in AIDS patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). The presence of KSHV DNA sequences suggests that a new human herpesvirus may be associated with KS. The 5′ end of the 1853-bp flanking region of KSHV (nucleotides 1 to 607) was found to have 66 and 67% homologies to the corresponding regions of the major capsid protein gene of Herpesvirus Saimiri (ORF25) and Epstein Barr virus (BcLF1), respectively, both members of the gammaherpesvirus family. This finding is an important breakthrough, because a …