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Articles 481 - 510 of 572

Full-Text Articles in Virology

Mononuclear Phagocyte Differentiation, Activation, And Viral Infection Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Anuja Ghorpade, Raisa Persidskaia, Radhika Suryadevara, Myhanh Che, Xiao Juan Liu, Yuri Persidsky, Howard Gendelman Jul 2001

Mononuclear Phagocyte Differentiation, Activation, And Viral Infection Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Anuja Ghorpade, Raisa Persidskaia, Radhika Suryadevara, Myhanh Che, Xiao Juan Liu, Yuri Persidsky, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) is mediated mainly by mononuclear phagocyte (MP) secretory products and their interactions with neural cells. Viral infection and MP immune activation may affect leukocyte entry into the brain. One factor that influences central nervous system (CNS) monocyte migration is matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the CNS, MMPs are synthesized by resident glial cells and affect the integrity of the neuropil extracellular matrix (ECM). To ascertain how MMPs influence HAD pathogenesis, we studied their secretion following MP differentiation, viral infection, and cellular activation. HIV-1-infected and/or immune-activated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and human …

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Regulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Β-Chemokine Production, And Ccr5 Expression In Cd40l-Stimulated Macrophages: Immune Control Of Viral Entry, Robin L. Cutter, Jialin Zheng, Myhanh Che, Douglas Niemann, Ying Liu, Johnny He, Elaine Thomas, Howard Gendelman May 2001

Regulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Β-Chemokine Production, And Ccr5 Expression In Cd40l-Stimulated Macrophages: Immune Control Of Viral Entry, Robin L. Cutter, Jialin Zheng, Myhanh Che, Douglas Niemann, Ying Liu, Johnny He, Elaine Thomas, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) and T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Regulation of such immune responses can be mediated, in part, through the interaction of the T-lymphocyte-expressed molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L) with its receptor on MP, CD40. Upregulation of CD40L on CD4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells during advanced HIV-1 disease has previously been reported. Based on this observation, we studied the influence of CD40L-CD40 interactions on MP effector function and viral regulation in vitro. We monitored productive viral infection, cytokine and β -chemokine production, and β-chemokine receptor …

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Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Oral Immunogens When Coadministered With Escherichia Coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Mutant R192g Or Cpg Dna, S. Gerber, C. Lane, Deborah M. Brown, E. Lord, M. Dilorenzo, J. D. Clements, E. Rybicki, A.-L. Williamson, R. C. Rose May 2001

Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Oral Immunogens When Coadministered With Escherichia Coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Mutant R192g Or Cpg Dna, S. Gerber, C. Lane, Deborah M. Brown, E. Lord, M. Dilorenzo, J. D. Clements, E. Rybicki, A.-L. Williamson, R. C. Rose

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cervical cancer, which remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. HPV recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates for controlling anogenital HPV disease and are now being evaluated as a parenteral vaccine modality in human subjects. Vaccines formulated for injection generally are more costly, more difficult to administer, and less acceptable to recipients than are mucosally administered vaccines. Since oral delivery represents an attractive alternative to parenteral injection for large-scale human vaccination, the oral immunogenicity of HPV type 11 (HPV-11) VLPs in mice was previously investigated; it was found …

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Differentiation Of Two Bovine Lentiviruses By A Monoclonal Antibody On The Basis Of Epitope Specificity, Ling Zheng, Shucheng Zhang, Charles Wood, Sanjay Kapil, Graham E. Wilcox, Thomas A. Loughlin, H. C. Minocha Mar 2001

Differentiation Of Two Bovine Lentiviruses By A Monoclonal Antibody On The Basis Of Epitope Specificity, Ling Zheng, Shucheng Zhang, Charles Wood, Sanjay Kapil, Graham E. Wilcox, Thomas A. Loughlin, H. C. Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are bovine lentiviruses that are closely related genetically. A recombinant fusion protein containing the capsid protein of BIV expressed in Escherichia coli was used to immunize mice and produce monoclonal antibodies. Six hybridomas specific for BIV capsid protein were identified, and one antibody, designated 10H1, was characterized further. Competitive binding assays were performed to analyze the topography of antigenic determinants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and demonstrated the existence of at least three distinct antigenic determinants on capsid protein. The monoclonal antibody reacted specifically with both BIV capsid and the recombinant fusion …

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Genetic And Biological Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia, Michael Belshan, Prasith Baccum, J. Lindsay Oaks, Brett A. Sponseller, Sean C. Murphy, James Cornette, Susan Carpenter Jan 2001

Genetic And Biological Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia, Michael Belshan, Prasith Baccum, J. Lindsay Oaks, Brett A. Sponseller, Sean C. Murphy, James Cornette, Susan Carpenter

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Genetic and biological variation in the regulatory protein Rev of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) were examined throughout a clinically dynamic disease course of an experimentally infected pony. Following infection with the virulent EIAVWyo, the pony underwent a variable disease course, including an acute fever episode at 12 days postinfection (DPI), multiple recurrent fever episodes until 135 DPI, a prolonged subclinical period, and two late fever episodes. Viral RNA was isolated from the inoculum and sequential sera samples, and the rev exon 2/gp45 overlapping ORFs were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Novel variants were found throughout infection, and genetic …

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Vertical Transmission Of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, Hamakwa Mantina, Chipepo Kankasa, Winslow Klaskala, Brad Brayfield, James Campbell, Quijiang Du, Ganapati Bhat, Francis Kasolo, Charles Mitchell, Charles Wood Jan 2001

Vertical Transmission Of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, Hamakwa Mantina, Chipepo Kankasa, Winslow Klaskala, Brad Brayfield, James Campbell, Quijiang Du, Ganapati Bhat, Francis Kasolo, Charles Mitchell, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Little is presently known about the specific routes of transmission of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). To investigate whether this agent might be transmitted vertically from mother to infant, we conducted a study on 89 KSHV seropositive mothers and their newborn infants. Thirteen mothers (14.6%) had KSHV DNA detected in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Two of 89 samples drawn at birth from infants born to KSHV seropositive mothers had KSHV DNA detectable within their PBMC. These findings suggest that KSHV can be transmitted perinatally, but infrequently. Other routes of transmission such as horizontal transmission remain …

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Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Mediates Activation Of Tap-2 By Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano Jan 2001

Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Mediates Activation Of Tap-2 By Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (Tap-2) is responsible for ATP-dependent transport of peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum, where peptides bind to newly synthesized human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which are essential for cellular immune responses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) has been shown to induce the expression of Tap-2. In this study, the induction of endogenous Tap-2 by LMP-1 is shown to be associated with and requires the expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7). In DG75 Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cells, in which LMP-1 induces the expression of IRF-7, LMP-1 induced …

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Human Herpesvirus 8 Can Be Transmitted Through Blood In Drug Addicts, Carlos Sosa, Jorge Benetucci, Colleen Hanna, Laura Sieczkowski, Gabriel Deluchi, Ana Maria Canizal, Hamakwa Mantina, Winslow Klaskala, Marianna Baum, Charles Wood Jan 2001

Human Herpesvirus 8 Can Be Transmitted Through Blood In Drug Addicts, Carlos Sosa, Jorge Benetucci, Colleen Hanna, Laura Sieczkowski, Gabriel Deluchi, Ana Maria Canizal, Hamakwa Mantina, Winslow Klaskala, Marianna Baum, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human Herpes virus type-8 (HHV-8) seroprevalence was studied in a population of HIV positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) from Argentina. Analysis of this population also indirectly made it possible to study HHV-8 blood transmission, because these individuals frequently engage in needle sharing behavior and are capable of acquiring a broad array of blood borne pathogens, including Hepatitis B/C virus. The seroprevalence of HHV-8 in IVDUs was compared to a group of non-IVDUs and HIV negative individuals. Of the 223 individuals tested, 13.45% were HHV-8 positive, 16.99% in the IVDUs group, and 5.71% in the non-IVDUs. Among HIV positive IVDUs, 25/144 …

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Characterization Of Transcripts Expressed From Human Herpesvirus 6a Strain Gs Immediate-Early Region B U16-U17 Open Reading Frames, Linda Flebbe-Rehwaldt, Charles Wood, Bala Chandran Dec 2000

Characterization Of Transcripts Expressed From Human Herpesvirus 6a Strain Gs Immediate-Early Region B U16-U17 Open Reading Frames, Linda Flebbe-Rehwaldt, Charles Wood, Bala Chandran

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Several gene fragments of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) have been shown to activate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 long terminal repeat (LTR). An open reading frame (ORF) designated B701 (Y. Geng, B. Chandran, S. F. Josephs, and C. Wood, J. Virol. 66:1564–1570, 1992), found within a 22-kb HHV-6A strain GS [HHV-6A(GS)] genomic fragment and a 3.8-kb SalI subfragment, was shown to activate the HIV LTR. B701, also known as HHV-6 U16, is located in the immediate-early B (IE-B) region of the genome. The sequence of the 3.8-kb genomic fragment of HHV-6A(GS) is nearly identical to the published …

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Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Description Of Persistence In Individual Pigs Upon Experimental Infection, R. Allende, W. W. Laegreid, G. F. Kutish, J. A. Galeota, R. W. Wills, Fernando A. Osorio Nov 2000

Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Description Of Persistence In Individual Pigs Upon Experimental Infection, R. Allende, W. W. Laegreid, G. F. Kutish, J. A. Galeota, R. W. Wills, Fernando A. Osorio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We studied the persistence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in individual experimentally infected pigs, during a period of up to 150 days postinfection (dpi). The results of this study suggest that the persistence of PRRSV involves continuous viral replication but that it is not a true steady-state persistent infection. The virus eventually clears the body and seems to do it in most of the animals by 150 dpi or shortly thereafter. High genetic stability was seen for several regions of the persistent PRRSV’s genome, although some consistent mutations in the genes of envelope glycoproteins and M protein …

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Cloning Of The Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Gene And Development Of A Recombinant-Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Ling Zheng, Michelle Swanson, Jinghua Liao, Charles Wood, Sanjay Kapil, Ron Snider, Thomas A. Loughin, Harish Minocha Jul 2000

Cloning Of The Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Gene And Development Of A Recombinant-Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Ling Zheng, Michelle Swanson, Jinghua Liao, Charles Wood, Sanjay Kapil, Ron Snider, Thomas A. Loughin, Harish Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established for the rapid detection of specific bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) antibodies in cattle, using recombinant Gag protein as an antigen. The gag coding region from BIV was cloned into an expression vector, pQE32, which expressed high levels of recombinant protein from Escherichia coli. The ELISA was standardized by a checkerboard titration against known BIV-positive and -negative sera from cattle and a monoclonal antibody to the Gag protein. A total of 139 cattle serum samples, from the diagnostic laboratory at Kansas State University, Manhattan, and from the Dairy Station, Louisiana State University, Baton …

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Adaptation And Selection Of Prion Protein Strain Conformations Following Interspecies Transmission Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy, Jason C. Bartz, Richard Bessen, Debbie Mckenzie, Richard F. Marsh, Judd M. Aiken Jun 2000

Adaptation And Selection Of Prion Protein Strain Conformations Following Interspecies Transmission Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy, Jason C. Bartz, Richard Bessen, Debbie Mckenzie, Richard F. Marsh, Judd M. Aiken

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Interspecies transmission of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, can result in the adaptation and selection of TSE strains with an expanded host range and increased virulence such as in the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. To investigate TSE strain adaptation, we serially passaged a biological clone of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) into Syrian golden hamsters and examined the selection of distinct strain phenotypes and conformations of the disease-specific isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc). The long-incubation-period drowsy (DY) TME strain was the predominate strain, based on the presence of its strain-specific …

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Binding Of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Rev To An Exon Splicing Enhancer Mediates Alternative Splicing And Nuclear Export Of Viral Mrnas, Michael Belshan, Gregory S. Park, Patricia Bilodeau, C. Martin Stoltzfus, Susan Carpenter May 2000

Binding Of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Rev To An Exon Splicing Enhancer Mediates Alternative Splicing And Nuclear Export Of Viral Mrnas, Michael Belshan, Gregory S. Park, Patricia Bilodeau, C. Martin Stoltzfus, Susan Carpenter

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

In addition to facilitating the nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral mRNAs, equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Rev regulates alternative splicing of the third exon of the tat/rev mRNA. In the presence of Rev, this exon of the bicistronic RNA is skipped in a fraction of the spliced mRNAs. In this report, the cis-acting requirements for exon 3 usage were correlated with sequences necessary for Rev binding and transport of incompletely spliced RNA. The presence of a purine-rich exon splicing enhancer (ESE) was required for exon 3 recognition, and the addition of Rev inhibited exon 3 splicing. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-Rev bound …

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Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Can Regulate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Long Terminal Repeat-Directed Gene Expression And Can Substitute For Hiv Tat In Viral Replication, Hexin Chen, Jun He, Steven Fong, Graham Wilcox, Charles Wood Mar 2000

Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Can Regulate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Long Terminal Repeat-Directed Gene Expression And Can Substitute For Hiv Tat In Viral Replication, Hexin Chen, Jun He, Steven Fong, Graham Wilcox, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a bovine lentivirus genetically similar to bovine immunodeficiency virus; it causes an acute and sometimes fatal disease in infected animals. This virus carries a very potent Tat that can strongly activate not only its own long terminal repeat (LTR) but also the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) LTR. In contrast, HIV Tat cannot reciprocally activate the JDV LTR (H. Chen, G. E. Wilcox, G. Kertayadnya, and C. Wood, J. Virol. 73:658–666, 1999). This indicates that in transactivation JDV Tat may utilize a mechanism similar to but not the same as that of the HIV Tat. To …

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Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Is Induced By Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagono Feb 2000

Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Is Induced By Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagono

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) generates several types of latency with different profiles of gene expression but with expression of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) in common. The BamHI Q promoter (Qp) is used for the transcription of EBNA-1 mRNA in type I latency, which is an EBV infection state exemplified by Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). However, Qp is inactive in type III latency, and other promoters (C/Wp) are used for transcription of EBNA-1, which raises the question of how usage of these promoters is governed. Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) was identified first as a negative regulator of …

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Cap-Independent Translational Enhancement Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Genomic And Subgenomic Rnas, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris Feb 2000

Cap-Independent Translational Enhancement Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Genomic And Subgenomic Rnas, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The presence of translational control elements and cap structures has not been carefully investigated for members of the Carmovirus genus, a group of small icosahedral plant viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes. In this study, we examined both the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the turnip crinkle carmovirus (TCV) genomic RNA (4 kb) as well as the 5’ UTR of the coat protein subgenomic RNA (1.45 kb) for their roles in translational regulation. All three UTRs enhanced translation of the firefly luciferase reporter gene to different extents. Optimal translational efficiency was achieved when mRNAs contained both 5’ and 3’ …

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Quantitative Image Analysis Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Macrophages Coinfected With Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Qingsheng Li, Keith G. Mansfield, Andrew Lackner, Ashley T. Haase Jan 2000

Quantitative Image Analysis Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Macrophages Coinfected With Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Qingsheng Li, Keith G. Mansfield, Andrew Lackner, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Mycobacterium avium is the most frequent cause of disseminated bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and in rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. This animal model of AIDS was used to test the hypothesis that this frequent association is the result of reciprocal enhancement of replication of both microorganisms. The replication of M. avium and SIV was analyzed in lymphatic tissues obtained from rhesus macaques experimentally inoculated with SIVmac who developed or remained free of overt M. avium infection. In situ hybridization, quantitative image analysis, and staining of M. avium and of macrophages …

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Identification Of The Transactivation Domain Of The Transcription Factor Sox-2 And An Associated Co-Activator, Tamara K. Nowling, Lance R. Johnson, Matthew S. Wiebe, Angie Rizzino Jan 2000

Identification Of The Transactivation Domain Of The Transcription Factor Sox-2 And An Associated Co-Activator, Tamara K. Nowling, Lance R. Johnson, Matthew S. Wiebe, Angie Rizzino

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The importance of interactions between Sox and POU transcription factors in the regulation of gene expression is becoming increasingly apparent. Recently, many examples of the involvement of Sox-POU partnerships in transcription have been discovered, including a partnership between Sox-2 and Oct-3. Little is known about the mechanisms by which these factors modulate transcription. To better understand the molecular interactions involved, we mapped the location of the transactivation do-main of Sox-2. This was done in the context of its interaction with Oct-3, as well as its ability to transactivate as a fusion protein linked to the DNA-binding domain of Gal4. Both …

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Azidothymidine And Interferon-Α Induce Apoptosis In Herpesvirus-Associated Lymphomas, Richard K. Lee, Jian-Ping Cai, Vadim Deyev, Parkash Gill, Lisa Cabral, Charles Wood, Ram Agarwal, Wenle Xia, Lawrence Boise, Eckhard Podack, William Harrington Jr. Nov 1999

Azidothymidine And Interferon-Α Induce Apoptosis In Herpesvirus-Associated Lymphomas, Richard K. Lee, Jian-Ping Cai, Vadim Deyev, Parkash Gill, Lisa Cabral, Charles Wood, Ram Agarwal, Wenle Xia, Lawrence Boise, Eckhard Podack, William Harrington Jr.

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Lymphoproliferative diseases that occur in immunocompromised patients are frequently associated with herpesviruses. These patients often fare poorly after treatment with conventional chemotherapy. We reported previously that patients with AIDS-related Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) responded to parenteral azidothymidine (AZT) and IFN-α. We found that EBV-positive lymphoma cells derived from these patients cultured with AZT express CD95 and undergo apoptosis. AZT-mediated apoptosis was caspase dependent and occurred despite Fas receptor blockade. In contrast, EBV-negative lymphomas were resistant to AZT-induced apoptosis, as were EBV-positive lymphomas that expressed high levels of bcl-2. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell lines infected with human herpesvirus type 8 required …

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Lymphotropic Virions Affect Chemokine Receptor-Mediated Neural Signaling And Apoptosis: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Jialin Zheng, Anuja Ghorpade, Douglas Niemann, Robin L. Cotter, Michael R. Thylin, Leon Epstein, Jennifer Swartz, Robin B. Shepard, Xiaojuan Liu, Adeline Nukuna, Howard E. Gendelman Oct 1999

Lymphotropic Virions Affect Chemokine Receptor-Mediated Neural Signaling And Apoptosis: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Jialin Zheng, Anuja Ghorpade, Douglas Niemann, Robin L. Cotter, Michael R. Thylin, Leon Epstein, Jennifer Swartz, Robin B. Shepard, Xiaojuan Liu, Adeline Nukuna, Howard E. Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Chemokine receptors pivotal for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in lymphocytes and macrophages (CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4) are expressed on neural cells (microglia, astrocytes, and/or neurons). It is these cells which are damaged during progressive HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system. We theorize that viral coreceptors could effect neural cell damage during HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD) without simultaneously affecting viral replication. To these ends, we studied the ability of diverse viral strains to affect intracellular signaling and apoptosis of neurons, astrocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages. Inhibition of cyclic AMP, activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and apoptosis were induced by diverse …

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Broad-Spectrum Protection Against Tombusviruses Elicited By Defective Interfering Rnas In Transgenic Plants, Teresa Rubio, Marise Borja, Herman Scholthof, Paul A. Feldstein, Thomas Jack Morris, Andrew O. Jackson Jun 1999

Broad-Spectrum Protection Against Tombusviruses Elicited By Defective Interfering Rnas In Transgenic Plants, Teresa Rubio, Marise Borja, Herman Scholthof, Paul A. Feldstein, Thomas Jack Morris, Andrew O. Jackson

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We have designed a DNA cassette to transcribe defective interfering (DI) RNAs of tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and have investigated their potential to protect transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants from tombusvirus infections. To produce RNAs with authentic 5’ and 3’ termini identical to those of the native B10 DI RNA, the DI RNA sequences were flanked by ribozymes (RzDI). When RzDI RNAs transcribed in vitro were mixed with parental TBSV transcripts and inoculated into protoplasts or plants, they became amplified, reduced the accumulation of the parental RNA, and mediated attenuation of the lethal syndrome characteristic of TBSV infections. Analysis of …

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Multicenter Comparison Of Pcr Assays For Detection Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Dna In Semen, Philip E. Pellett, Thomas J. Spira, Omar Bagasra, Chris Boshoff, Lawrence Corey, Laura De Lellis, Meei-Li Huang, Jung-Chung Lin, Steve Matthews, Paolo Monini, Paola Romessi, Carlos Sosa, Charles Wood, John A. Stewart May 1999

Multicenter Comparison Of Pcr Assays For Detection Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Dna In Semen, Philip E. Pellett, Thomas J. Spira, Omar Bagasra, Chris Boshoff, Lawrence Corey, Laura De Lellis, Meei-Li Huang, Jung-Chung Lin, Steve Matthews, Paolo Monini, Paola Romessi, Carlos Sosa, Charles Wood, John A. Stewart

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Reported prevalences of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) in semen have ranged widely. This is possibly due to differences in assay sensitivity, geographic or population-based differences in the true presence of the virus in semen, and PCR contamination. This study assessed interlaboratory sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of blinded experimental panels, each consisting of 48 specimens and being composed of semen specimens from different healthy artificial-insemination donors (n = 30) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n= 7) plus positive (n = 4) and negative (n = 7) controls. The experimental panels analyzed in each laboratory were …

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Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Represses The Epstein-Barr Virus BamHi Q Latency Promoter In Type Iii Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano Apr 1999

Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Represses The Epstein-Barr Virus BamHi Q Latency Promoter In Type Iii Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is the essential protein for maintenance of the EBV episome and establishment of latency. The BamHI Q promoter (Qp) is used for the transcription of EBNA-1 mRNA in type I and type II latency, which are EBV infection states exemplified by Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, Qp is inactive in type III latency, and other promoters (the BamHI C promoter and/or the BamHI W promoter) are used for EBNA-1. The involvement of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in the regulation of Qp is suggested by the presence of an essential interferon-stimulated response element …

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Carmoviruses (Tombusviridae), Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris Jan 1999

Carmoviruses (Tombusviridae), Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Carmovirus is one of two officially recognized genera of Tombusviridae. Members of Tombusviridae all have icosahedral virions of about 30 nm in diameter with T = 3 symmetry that consists of 180 coat protein (CP) subunits of about 38- 43 kDa and a single-stranded (ss) RNA genome ranging in size from 4.0 to 4.7 kb. Carmoviruses share recognizable sequence similarity in both the polymerase and structural genes with members of the other genus, Tombusvirus. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of these genes support the view that the genera are distinct but closely related. In addition, the genome organization of the …

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Characterization Of The Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Gene And The Cis- And Trans-Regulatory Elements In Its Long Terminal Repeats, Hexin Chen, Graham Wilcox, Gde Kertayadnya, Charles Wood Jan 1999

Characterization Of The Jembrana Disease Virus Tat Gene And The Cis- And Trans-Regulatory Elements In Its Long Terminal Repeats, Hexin Chen, Graham Wilcox, Gde Kertayadnya, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a newly identified bovine lentivirus that is closely related to the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). JDV contains a tat gene, encoded by two exons, which has potent transactivation activity. Cotransfection of the JDV tat expression plasmid with the JDV promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) construct pJDV-U3R resulted in a substantial increase in the level of CAT mRNA transcribed from the JDV long terminal repeat (LTR) and a dramatic increase in the CAT protein level. Deletion analysis of the LTR sequences showed that sequences spanning nucleotides 268 to 153, including the TATA box and the predicted first …

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Cytoplasmic Assembly And Accumulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 And 2 In Recombinant Human Colony-Stimulating Factor-1-Treated Human Monocytes: An Ultrastructural Study, Jan Marc Orenstein, Monte S. Meltzer, Terri Phipps, Howard Gendelman Aug 1998

Cytoplasmic Assembly And Accumulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 And 2 In Recombinant Human Colony-Stimulating Factor-1-Treated Human Monocytes: An Ultrastructural Study, Jan Marc Orenstein, Monte S. Meltzer, Terri Phipps, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Recombinant human colony-stimulating factor-1-treated human peripheral blood-derived monocytes-macrophages are efficient host cells for recovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from blood leukocytes of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These cells can be maintained as viable monolayers for intervals exceeding 3 months. Infection with HIV resulted in virus-induced cytopathic effects, accompanied by relatively high levels of released progeny virus, followed by a prolonged low-level release of virus from morphologically normal cells. In both acutely and chronically infected monocytes, viral particles were seen budding into and accumulating within cytoplasmic vacuoles. The number of intravacuolar virions far exceeded those associated with the …

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Biological Characterization Of Rev Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Michael Belshan, Matthew E. Harris, Anne E. Shoemaker, Thomas J. Hope, Susan Carpenter May 1998

Biological Characterization Of Rev Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Michael Belshan, Matthew E. Harris, Anne E. Shoemaker, Thomas J. Hope, Susan Carpenter

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sequence analysis identified significant variation in the second exon of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) rev. Functional analysis indicated that limited amino acid variation in Rev significantly altered the export activity of the protein but did not affect Rev-dependent alternative splicing. EIAV Rev can mediate export through two independent cis -acting Rev-responsive elements (RREs), and differences among Rev variants were more pronounced when both RREs were present. Variation in Rev may be an important mechanism for regulation of virus replication in vivo and may contribute to changes in clinical disease.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sheryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman Apr 1998

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sheryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain macrophages and microglia is a critical component of viral neuropathogenesis. However, how virus-macrophage interactions lead to neurological disease remains incompletely understood. Possibly, a differential ability of virus to replicate in brain tissue macrophages versus macrophages in other tissues underlies HIV-1 neurovirulence. To these ends, we established systems for the isolation and propagation of pure populations of human microglia and then analyzed the viral life cycles of divergent HIV-1 strains in these cells and in cultured monocytes by using identical viral inocula and indicator systems. The HIV-1 isolates included those …

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Role Of The Β-Chemokine Receptors Ccr3 And Ccr5 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Of Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Meng Qi Xia, Bradley T. Hyman, Yuri Persidsky, Adeline Nukuna, Paul Bock, Myhanh Che, Janae Limoges, Howard Gendelman, Charles R. Mackay Apr 1998

Role Of The Β-Chemokine Receptors Ccr3 And Ccr5 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Of Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Meng Qi Xia, Bradley T. Hyman, Yuri Persidsky, Adeline Nukuna, Paul Bock, Myhanh Che, Janae Limoges, Howard Gendelman, Charles R. Mackay

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells (monocytes, macrophages, and microglia) is a critical component in the pathogenesis of viral infection. Viral replication in macrophages serves as a reservoir, a site of dissemination, and an instigator for neurological sequelae during HIV-1 disease. Recent studies demonstrated that chemokine receptors are necessary coreceptors for HIV-1 entry which determine viral tropism for different cell types. To investigate the relative contribution of the β -chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 to viral infection of mononuclear phagocytes we utilized a panel of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (from blood and brain tissue) to …

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Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Binds To The Cad Enzyme At Active Sites Of Viral Dna Replication On The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler Apr 1998

Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Binds To The Cad Enzyme At Active Sites Of Viral Dna Replication On The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) replicative complexes form at discrete sites on the nuclear matrix (NM) via an interaction mediated by the precursor of the terminal protein (pTP). The identities of cellular proteins involved in these complexes have remained obscure. We present evidence that pTP binds to a multifunctional pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme found at replication domains on the NM. Far-Western blotting identified proteins of 150 and 240 kDa that had pTP binding activity. Amino acid sequencing of the 150-kDa band revealed sequence identity to carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) and a high degree of homology to the related trifunctional enzyme known as …

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